
Class_&- 5n 



OFFICIAL r)0^rAXIO^f. 



57th Congress, 

1st Session. 



SENATE. 



Document 
No. 412. 



MISSOURI TROOPS IN SERVICE DURING THE CIVIL WAR. 

LETTER 

FROM THE 

I 

SECKETAEY OF WAR, 



IX RESPONSE TO 



THE SENATE RESOLUTION PASSED ON JUNE 14, 1902. TRANSMITTING A PAPER PREPARED 

BT THE CHIEF OF RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT, 

SHOWING VARIOUS CLASSES OF MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS. MILITIA. AND HOME 

GUARDS IN SERVICE DURING THE CIVIL WAR, AND THE LAWS. ETC., 

UNDER WHICH THEY WERE RAISED; ALSO WHAT CLASSES OF 

SUCH ARE RECOGNIZED BY THE WAR DEPARTMENT AS 

BEING IN THE MILITARY SERVICE OF THE 

UNITED STATES AND WHAT CLASSES ARE 

NOT SO RECOGNIZED. 



June 18, 1902. — Laid on the table and ordered to be printed. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1 i> U 1^ . 






-A 



LETTER OF TRAISTSMITTAL. 



War Department, 

Washmgton, June 16, 190^. 
Sir: In response to the Senate resolution of the 14th instant, in 
which the Secretary of War is directed to transmit to the Senate a 
statement showing the various classes of Missouri volunteers, militia, 
and home guards that were in the service during the civil war, the 
designations of the organizations composing them, and the laws, 
orders, and regulations under which they were raised; also what 
organizations or classes of these troops are recognized by the Vsai 
Department as having been in the military service of the United States 
and what organizations or classes are not so recognized, 1 have the 
honor to transmit herewith a paper on the subject of the Senate res 
olution, prepared by the Chief of the Record and Pension Office of 
this Department. 

Very respectfully, Elihu Root, 

Secretary of War. 
The President pro tempore United States Senate. 

3 



TABLE OF COI^TENTS. 



UNION ORGANIZATIONS. 

Page. 

Introductory remarks ' 

Three Months' Militia, 1861 ^^ 

Six Months' Mihtia ^^ 

Missouri State :Militia ^^ 

Enrolled Missouri ^Militia '^^ 

Provisional Enrolled :\Iissouri Militia 82 

Provisional Enrolled Militia ^"^ 

Missouri Militia, organized under authority of State General Orders, No. 3, of 



January 30, 1865 



90 



Missouri Militia, organized under ordinance of State Convention of April 8, 

1865 ^^ 

United States Reserve Corps, three months' service 98 

United States Reserve Corps, three years' service 101 

Three Years' Volunteers 1^2 

Six or Twelve Months' Volimteers 1^^ 

One, Two, or Three Years' Volunteers 1"^} 

Home Guards, 1861 ^'^^ 

Citizen Guards ^^^ 

Mississippi Marine Brigade 1^* 

Marine Corps 

Irregular organizations and appointments under Major-General Fremont 198 

List of Missouri organizations regularly mustered into the military service of 
the United States or recognized by the War Department as having been in 

that service ^^^ 

List of Missouri organizations of Militia, Citizen Guards, and Marine Corps not 

in the military service of the United States 227 

CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. 

Introductory remarks 239 

Missouri State Guard 246 

Missouri Volunteers, Confederate service 283 

Local Defense 



320 
List of INIissouri State Guard organizations cooperating with Confederate troops . 329 

List of Missouri organizations in the service of the Confederate States 332 

List of Missouri Local Defense organizations. Confederate ser^'ice 336 

5 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 



The conditions existing in Missouri during the civil war were pecul- 
iar in that the State was represented 133- two governments, one main- 
taining its allegiance to the Federal Union, the other, after declaring 
the State a sovereign and independent republic, forming an alliance 
with the Confederate States and linall}^ acknowledging organic union 
therewith. 

These exceptional conditions, and others which resulted from the 
geographical position of the State and the divided sentiment of its 
people, forming them into hostile factions, resulted in many perplexi- 
ties and informalities in the organization of the militarv forces of the 
State and the creation of a great variety of organizations, especially 
on the side of the Union, some of them previously unknown to the 
military service of the United States. These irregularities caused 
much'perplexity and misunderstanding as to the status of some of the 
organizations and the relations of their members to the State and to 
the General Government. 

The nature of these irregularities and their results will be pointed 
out rn the following pages. It is sufficient here to state that not less 
than seventeen different classes of troops were organized in the State of 
Missouri on the Union side alone, not counting the several varieties 
of those classified in this paper as Home or Citizen Guards. 

7 



UNION ORGANIZATIONS. 



THREE MONTHS' MIlilTIA, 18(il. 



On April 15, 18<U. the President issued his proclanmtion calling- for 
75,000 militia for the purpose of suppressing- insurrection and "to 
cause the laws to be duly executed.'''' This proclamation -was in terms 
as follows: 

Whereas, the laws of the United States have been for some time past and now are 
opposed and the execution ther(>of obstructed in the States of South Carohna, (Geor- 
gia, Alabama, Florida, ^Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas by coml)inations too power- 
ful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial jiroceedinoffj or l)y the powers 
vested in the marshals ))y law: 

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the L'nited States, in virtue of 
the power in me vested l)y the Constitution and the laws, have thousrht fit to call 
forth, and hereby do call forth, tlie militia of the several States of the Union, to the 
agtjregate numl:)er of 75,000, in order to suppress said combinations and to cause the 
laws to be duly executed. 

The details of this object will be immediately comnmnicated to the State authori- 
ties through the War Department. 

I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and aid this effort to maintain the 
lionor, the integrity, and the existence of our national Union and the perpetuity of 
popular government, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. 

I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned to the forces hereby called 
forth will probably be to repossess the forts, places, and ])roperty which have been 
seized from the T'liion, and in every event the utmost care will be ol)served consist- 
ently with the objects aforesaid to avoid any devastation, any destruction of or 
interference with property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens in any jiart of the 
country. 

And' I hereby command the persons composing the comlnnations aforesaid to 
disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abo(les within twenty days from date. 

Deeming that the present condition of public affairs ])resents an extraordinary 
occasion, I do heret)y, in virtue of the power in me vested l)y the Constitution, con- 
vene both Houses of Congress. 

Senators and Representatives are therefore summoned to assemble at their respec- 
tive Chambers at 12 o'clock noon on Tluirsday, the 4th day of .July next, then and 
there to consider and determiTie such measures as in tlieir wisdom the public safety 
and interest may seem to demand. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United 
States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington this 15th day of Aj)ril, in the year of our Lord 
1861, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. 

Abraham Lixcolx. 

By the President: 

William H. Seward, 

Secretari/ of State. 

[OflScial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I, pp. 
67,68.] 

On the date of this proclamation the Secretary of War addres.sed let- 
ters to the o-ovei-nors of twenty-four States, including one to the gov- 
ernor of Missouri of which the following- is a copy: 

War Department, 

Wai^hington, April 15, 1861. 
Sir: I'nder the act of Congress "for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of 
the Union, suppress insurrections, repel invasions," etc., approved February 28, 1795, 

11 



12 MISSOUKl TKOOPS UNION. 

I have the honor to request your excellency to cause to be immediately detached 
from the militia of your State" the quota designated in the table below, to serve as 
infantry or riflemen for the period of three months, unless sooner discharged. 

Your excellency will please communicate to me the time at or al>out which your 
quota will be expec^ted at its rendezvous, as it will be met as soon as practicable by 
an officer or officers to muster it into the service and pay of the Cnited States. At 
the same time the oath of fidelity to the United States will be administered to every 
officer and man. The mustering officer will be~ instructed to receive no man under 
the rank of commissioned officer who is in years apparently over 45 or under 18, or 
who is not in physical strength and vigor. 

******* 

SiMox Cameron, 

Secretary of War. 

[Ibid., pp. 68, 69.] 

The quota of the State of Missouri, desig-natod in the table which 
accompanied this letter, was four regiments of infantry, being- an 
ag-o-regate of 3,123 officers and enlisted men, including- one brigadier- 
general. 

On the same date, also, April 15, 1S61, an order was issued from the 
War Department detailing officers of the Regular Army to muster 
the troops into the military' service of the United States, the order for 
the State of ^Missouri being as follows: 

Special Orders, ) War Department, Ad.tutant-General's Office, 

No. 106. j W((sliln(/ton, April 15, 1861. 

The officers named below are detailed to muster into the service of the United 
States, for the States, and at the stations set opposite tlieir names, respectively, the 
troops called out by the President's proclamation of this date. 

They will acknowledge the receipt of this order, repair to the rendezvous desig- 
nated,' and report their arrival to the Adjutant-General of the Army and the govern- 
ors of the respective States, and will execute the duties assigned them with as little 
delay as practicable, reporting the progress and completion of their labors to the 
Adjutant-General of the Army direct. 

In addition to these duties, "the mastering officers will perform such staff duties as- 
may be assigned them by the chiefs of the supply departments of the Army. 
******* 

Missouri, St. Louis. First Lieut. J. 31. Schofield, First Artillery, and First Lieut.. 
Geoi-ge B. Cosby, Second 'Cavalry. 

******* 

By order of the Secretary of War: 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 

The governor of the State emphatically declined to honor the requi- 
sition of the President, advising the Secretary of War, in a telegram 
dated April 17, 1801, as follows: 

ExEci'TivE Department, 
Jefferson City, Mo., April 17, 186 1. 
Hon. Simon Cameron, 

Secretarij of War. 
Sir: Your dispatch of the 15th instant, making a call on Missouri for four regi- 
ments of men for immediate service, has been received. There can be, I apprehend, 
no doubt but the men are intended to form a part of the President's army to make 
war upon the people of tlie seceded States. 

Your requisition, in my judgment, is illegal, unconstitutional, and revolutionary 
in its object, inhuman and diabolical, and can not be complied with. Not one man 
will the State of Missouri furnish to carry on any such unholy crusade. 

C. F. Jackson, Governor of Missouri. 
[Ibid., pp. 82, S:^.] 



On the «ume chito, April 17. istU. Mr. Frank P. Blair, jr.. tele- 
graphed to the Secretary of ^^'ar: 

lv\sT St. r.oiis, April 17, 1S61. 
Hon. S. C.XMEKo.N, Senrtar)/ of 11 or.- 

Our governor will not meet your requisition for volunteers. Will you accept inde- 
pendent companies and regiments from Mii?!?i)uri? If so, please order Captain Lyon 
to muster them into service. 

* * * * * * * 

Frank P. Blair, Jr. 

[Ibid., Series I. Vol. Llll,pp. 4.S8,4S9.] 

On April 19, 18151, Mr. Blair au-ain telegraphed the Secretary of 

War, as follow.^: 

E.\ST St. Loris, April 19, 1861. 
Hon. Si.MON" C.vMERo.v: 

* * * Send order by telegraph at once for mustering men into service to Capt. 
N. Lyon. It will surely then l)e executed, and we will till your requisition in two 
days." * * * Answer immediately. 

Frank P. Blair, Jr. 

[Ibid., Series' I, Vol. I, pp. 668, 669.] 

On April 21, 1861, Brigadier-General Harney, commanding the 
Department of the West, denied the request of Captain Lyon, com- 
manding the troops at the St. Louis Arsenal, that he be authorized to 
accept the services of volunteers for its defense. General Harney's 
letter on this subject is as follows: 

Headquarters Department of the West, 

,S'/. Louis, Mo., April 21, 1S61. 
Cai)t. N. Lyon, 

Second Infantry, Conunandin;/ Troops, St. Louis Arsenal, Mo. 
Sir: Your two communications of this date, one asking for authority to accept the 
services of volunteers in the defense of the St. Louis Arsenal, * * * have been 
laid before the counnanding general, who deems it inexpedient to approve the 
recommendations contained in your communications. 

I am, sir, verv respectfully, your obedient servant, 

S. Williams, 
Assistant Adjutant-General . 

[Book No. 8, Department of the West, pp. 71, 72.] 

On the same date Brigadier-General Harney was relieyed from his 
command in an order from the War Department of which the follow- 
ing is a copy: 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

]Vnsliini/ton, Ajtril 21, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. W. S. Harney, 

Commanding Deptartmrnt of tJie West, St. Louis, Mo. 
General: I am directed by the Secretary of War to say that you are hereby 
relieved from the command of the Departnient of the West," which will devolve 
upon the senior officer in the department, and you will repair to this city and report 
to the (jeneral in Chief. 

I have the honor to ]>e, very respectfully, your obedient servant,- 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, p. 669.] 

On the same date also, April 21, 1861, Captain Lyon was instructed 
by the War Department to execute the order preyiously giyen to pro- 

» Revoked by Special .Orders, No. 128, A. G. O., May 8, 1861. 



14 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. 

tect the public property and execute the laws, and to "muster four 
regiments into service." The telegram conveying these instructions 

is as follows: 

Adjutant-General's Office, April 21, 1861. 

Capt. N. Lyon, 

Second Infantry, East St. Louis: 
General Harney has this day been relieved from his command. The Secretary of 
War directs that you immediately execute the order previously given to arm the 
loyal citizens, to protect the public property and execute the laws. Cluster four 
regiments into the service. 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 670.] 

Further correspondence on the same subject was had between Mr. 
Frank P. Blair, jr., Capt. Fitz John Porter, assistant adjutant-general 
(then at Harrisburg, Pa., on a special mission for the War Department), 
and others. Captain Porter reported: 

Headquarters Department of Pennsylvania, 

Philadelphia, May 1, 1861. 
Col. Lorenzo Thomas, 

Adjutant-General U. S. Army, Wasliington, D. C. 
Colonel: I respectfully repeat in writing my report substantially made verbally to 
the General in Chief of my late expedition from Washington to Harrisburg, Pa. 

^ -jr « 51 * ■SS- * 

Seated in Governor Curtin's telegraph office at the capitol Governor Curtin handed 
me the following dispatch, suggesting at the time I should reply to it as I had to oth- 
ers already received from the same person: 

"St. Louis, Mo., April 21, 1861. 
"Gov-ernor A. G. Curtin, JTarri.'<bnrg, Pa.: 

"An officer of the Army here has received an order to muster in Missouri regi- 
ments. General Harney refuses to let them remain in the arsenal grounds or permit 
them to be armed. I wish these facts to be communicated to the Secretary of War 
by special messenger and instructions sent immediately to Harney to receive the 
troops at the arsenal and arm them. Our friends distrust Harney very much. He 
should be superseded immediately by putting another commander in the district. 
The object of the secessionists is to seize the arsenal with its 70,000 stand of arms, 
and he refuses the means of defending it. ■ We have plenty of men but no arms. 

Frank P. Blair, Jr." 

A previous message had been received asking that Capt. N. Lyon, Second Infantry, 
should be assigned as mustering officer and t(i arm and eiiuip the troops and to com- 
mand them, and I had replied that Lieut. J. ^l. Schofield, then in St. Louis, had 
been detailed as mustering officer. Other telegrams came urging Lyon's appoint- 
ment, so when the above clispatch was handed to me, I felt it was my duty, an<l that 
I would be justified to use the name and authority of the Secretary of War and of 
the General in Chief, and I at once telegraphed: 

"B.\RmsBVRG,TA., April 21, 1861. 
"General Harney, 

^^ Commanding, St. Louis, Mo.: 
"Capt. Nathaniel Lyon, Second Infantry, is detailed to muster in the troops at St. 
Louis and to use them" for the protection of public jiroperty. You will see that they 
are properly armed and ecjuipped. 

"By order of Lieutenant-General Scott: 

"F. J. Porter, 
' ' Ass i.^ta nt A dj utaiit-Ge)ieral." 

"Harrisburg, Pa., April 21, 1861. 
"Hon. Frank P. Blair, Jr., *SV. Louis, Mo.: 

"Capt. N. Lyon, Second Infantry, has been detailed to muster in the troops at 
St. Louis and to use them for the protection of public property. 
"By order of the Secretary of War: 

"F. J. Porter, 
' 'Assistant A djutant- General. ' ' 



THREE months' MILITIA. 15 

Similar telegrams were sent to Maj. Seth AVilliains and to Captain Lyon. 

* * ***** 

Very respectfully, your oliedient i-ervant, 

F. J. Porter, 
A mstant A djutant- Genera!. 
[ll.id., Series I, Vol. LI, Part I, pp. 345-851.] 

The immediate result of the repeated instructions to General Har- 
ney and Captain Lyon appears in special orders issued by the former 
on April 22, 1861, as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the West, 

No. 58. i St. Louis, Mo., April 2^, 1861. 

In compliance with instructions which have been received from the headquarters 
of the Army, "Capt. N. Lyon, Second Infantry, is detailed to muster in the troops 
at St. Louis and to use them for the defense of the public projierty." 
By order of Brigadier-General Harney: 

S. Williams, 
A x» luttin t A (I jut ant- General. 

[Book No. 87, Departments of the West and Western, p. 294.] 

On the same date, April 22, 1861, Captain Lyon telegraphed as 
follows: 

East St. Louis, [Aprl/I ^2, 1861. 
Col. L. Thomas, Adjutaid-Generah 

Dispatch to muster troops received at twelve (12) o'clock last night. I have 
to-day received seven hundred (700) men, and armed six hundred (600). 

N. Lyon, 
Captain, Second Infantry. 
[R. & P., 463363.] 

Under date of April 27, 1861, Captain Lyon, then commanding- the 
St. Louis Arsenal, made a detailed report of his operations in a letter 
of which the following is an extract: 

St. Louis Arsenal, April 27, 1861. 
Col. L. Thomas, 

Adjidant- General, Wa>ihington, D. C. 

Sir: Since receiving the authority to receive and muster in ^lissouri troops at this 
place, it has been a physical impossibility to write for the purpose of informing the 
Department of what is transpiring here. The first telegraphic dispatch of the 21st 
instant, from Major Porter, was received about 12 o'clock of that night, and the vol- 
unteer companies commenced arriving early next morning. About 700 arrived that 
day and 600 were armed. On the next day (Tuesday, 23d) nearly the same number 
arrived and 400 were armed. Through Wednesday and Thursday the arrivals con- 
tinued about the same, and on Thursday 2,100 had been received, armed, and sworn 
into the United States service. Through yesterday and to-day about 200 men per 
day have been received, and all except one company armed. One regiment is full, 
two others are nearly full, and about half a regiment more is formed. Offers to the 
extent of several thousands more will doubtless be made, and if it is the wish of the 
Government to accept them, I shall need to be so informed, as my orders now limit 
me to four regiments. As there is artillery enough of light and heavy pieces for about 
three companies, and as there are many excellent artillerists who are exceedingly 
anxious to organize as artillery companies, I have started a battalion of three com- 
panies for the purpose of working our pieces, and to be ready for active service with 
them in the field in case of moving. I also have an application to accept a company 
of sappers and miners who have had experience in Europe, and I propose to do so. 
A complete and in a short time an efficient army corps can be thus organized at 
this point. I desire the instructions of the War Department upon these matters. 
As these troops were received at once upon obtaining authority, and without any 
provisions beforehand for them, and without officers of the Subsistence and Quarter- 
master departments on the spot to attend upon them, and no arrangements for 
quartering them, great inconvenience to them has occurred, and an overwhelming 
business devolved upon myself. 

I have been much in want of officers for company and staff duties. Lieutenant 
Schofield has cordially cooperated in swearing these troops into the service. Some 



16 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. 

buildings outside, having commanding positions, I have hired and occupied with 
troops in order to ol)tain additional room, as also to have in possession the positions 
desired by the secessionists for carrying out their long-cherished scheme of capturing 
this place. 

******* 

A^ery respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lyon, 
Captain, Second Infantry, Commanding. 
[95 L., A. G. O., 1861.] 

On April 30, 1861, Captain Lyon wrote the Adjutant-General: 

St. Louis Arsenal, April 30, 1861. 
Col. L. Thomas, 

Adjutant-General, U. S. Army, Washington. 
Sir: I am accepting all the troops that offer, and at this time some 3,300 have 
offered, and 3,082 are armed. Deeming the emergencies pressing and fully requir- 
ing the Government to avail itself of all available resources, I shall still accept these 
volunteers till countermanding orders are received. This is unavoidal)le, ):»oth 
because the Government needs the services of these men, and because of the fear of 
State tyranny to force them into the secession ranks. No doubt 10,000 men can be 
raised here, and indications are that they will be needed sooner or later to meet the 
determined purpose of the State authorities to overturn the authority of the General 
Government, which, if true to herself, can maintain it here. 

* ****** 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lyon, 
Captain, Second Infantry, Commanding. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, pp. 675, 676.] 

Five regiments of infantry, a battalion of light artillery and a com- 
pany of pioneers were speedily completed and mustered into the mil- 
itary seryice of the United States as Missouri Militia, thus more than 
filling the quota of the State under the President's proclamation of 
April 15, 1861; and in another part of this paper it will be seen that 
another class of troops was subsequently organized, under the title of 
United States Reserve Corps, for three months"" seryice, which has been 
recognized as Missouri Militia received under the call of April 15, 1861, 
making the number furnished under that call something more than 
10,000 men. The company and regimental officers of the three months' 
Missouri Militia of 1861 Avere elected and were mustered into service 
without commissions. Captain Lyon, by whom the regiments had 
been organized, was elected by the field and company officers of the 
First Brigade as V)rigadier-general, and proceeded to assume the com- 
mand of the several regiments organized by him and to appoint some 
of the officers of his start'. His action in this respect is fully set forth 
in a letter to the Adjutant-General of the Army, dated May 15, 1861, 
with which he inclosed a copy of the orders issued l\y him on his 
assumption of the command. The letter and inclosure are as follows: 

St. Louis Arsenal, May 15, 1861. 
Col. L. Thomas, 

Adjntant-General, Washington, D. C. 

Sir: I have the honor to inclose a copy of a general order issued by ine upon 
receiving the certified returns of the election held by the field and company officers 
of the four regiments called for from JNIissouri by proclamation of the President, 
which constitute the First Brigade of Missouri Volunteers, for the l>rigadier-general. 

By the laws of the State of Missouri a brigadier-general has the jiower to appoint 
the officers of his staff named in the order, with the resi>eetive rank as therein stated. 
Besides these, he can also appoint a quartermaster, judge-ailvocate, and surgeon, with 
the rank of major, and an assistant surgeon, with the rank of captain. 

The office of quartermaster is temporarily filled. No appointments have been 
made for the other offices last named. 



THREE months' MILITIA. 17 

The appointments announced were made in conformity with the Missouri miUtia 
law and are respectfully referred to the Department, with the request that instruc- 
tions in regard to them may be transmitted to me, setting forth whether or not the 
laws of Missouri shall be the basis of the formation of this brigade, or, if not, what 
provisions in respect to the staff officers of the l)rigade are or will be authorized by 
the General Government. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N, Lyon, Captain, Second Infanfr;/, Commanding. 

[Inclosure.] 

Headquarters First Brigade Missouri Volunteers, 

St. Louis Arsenal, May 12, 1861. 
Orders, No. 1. 

1. B}' the authority of the President of the United States the undersigned will 
retain the command of the different regiments wdiich have been enrolled at these 
headquarters. 

2. Having been elected brigadier-general of the four regiments which constitute 
the thirst Brigade of Mis^souri Volunteers, the undersigned accepts the position thus 
tendered him, subject to the future action of the proper authorities, and returns his 
thanks to the officers and men of those regiments for the confidence which they have 
reposed in him, hoping that his utmost exertions, which he pledges to the proper 
discharge of this important duty, may contribute to justify this confidence. 

3. The following appointments tofill staff officesof the First Brigade are announced: 
Chester Harding, jr., to be assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of lieutenant- 
colonel. 

.Sanuiel Simmons, to be commissary of the brigade, with the rank of major. 
Horace A. Conant, to be paymaster of the First and Second regiments, with the rank 
of major. 

Chauncey P. E. Johnson, to be paymaster of the Third and Fourth regiments, with 
the rank of major. . 

Bernard G. Farrar, to be aide-de-camp, with the rank of major. 

N. Lyon, 
Captain, Second Infantry, Commanding. 
[R. and P., 463367.] 

No action appears to have been taken upon General Lyon's letter 
quoted above, but in 1897, the status of the three months' Missouri 
Militia mustered into service in 1861 being- under consideration, it was 
decided by the Assistant Secretary of War that these troops, officers 
of all grades included, must be considered to have been State militia 
called into the service of the United States by the President, and that 
the officers are entitled to the same recognition for services rendered 
that they would have been entitled to had they been appointed and 
commissioned l)v the governor of the State, (R. and P., -150639.) 

As already stated, this force consisted of 1 battalion of light artil- 
lery, 5 regiments of infantry, and 1 company of pioneers. It is proper 
to add that 3 of the infantry regiments consisted of 12 companies each, 
2 of which were designated as riflemen, and that a ritie battalion of 2 
companies and an independent company of riflemen were also attached 
to the infantry force. 

S. Doc. 412 2 



SIX MONTHS' MILITIA. 



On August 24, 1861, shortly after the formation of the new State 
government, Governor Gamble issued a prochimation calling into the 
service of the State of Missouri, for the period of six months, -12.000 
militia "'to protect the lives and property of the citizens of the State." 
Following is a copy of the proclamation: 

The powers of the civil authorities being insufficient ti> protect the lives and prop- 
erty of the citizens of the State, I, Hamilton R. Gamble, governor of the State of 
Missouri, do hereby call into the active service of the State 42,000 men of the militia 
of the State, assigning 6,000 as the quota for each military district, which is the same 
as a Congressional district. The force thus called into the service will be, as far as 
possible, a volunteer force and will consist of 10,000 cavalry and 32,000 infantry. If 
the number volunteering should exceed this requisition, the excess will be held as a 
reserve corps. If there should be a deficiency, it may become necessary to resort to 
a draft. The adjutant-general will issue to tlie division inspector of the several mil- 
itary districts the order necessary to carry this requisition into effect. The force 
called out will be for six months, unless peace in the State be sooner restored. Arms 
will be furnished as rapidly as they can be had. 

Given under my hand and the seal of the State at Jefferson City, this 24th day of 
August, in the year 1861. 

H. R. Gamble. 

By the Governor: 

M. Oliver, Secretanj of State. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 9.] 

In compliance with the terms of the proclamation, the adjutant- 
general of the State issued a general order relative to the organization 
of the militia force, as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headqcarters, Jefferson City, 

No. 1. i Augud £4, 1S61. 

Inspectors of divisions will immediately give notice of the times and places when 
and where they will attend, in their respective districts, to muster volunteers into 
the State service under the proclamation of the governor of this date. The force to 
be raised is 6,000 in each military district, to consist of 1,500 cavalry and 4,500 infan- 
try. The inspectors will cause elections for officers of companies to be held, and 
election returns to be made to these headquarters immediately upon mustering com- 
panies into service. The company officers will proceed to elect the field officers of 
regiments as soon as possible. There has Ijeen published a synopsis of the law for 
the organization of companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, which 
will be followed in the organization here ordered. If the inspectors are unable to 
attend at all the places appointed for mustering the forces, they will give immediate 
notice to these headquarters, in order that officers may be assigned to discharge the 
duty. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

G. R. Smith, Ad jut ant- General. 

[Ibid., p. 10.] 

Under date of August 30, 1861, an *"• explanatory order" was issued 
from the State headquarters, in which it was announced that organized 
regiments of "the militia, not exceeding 15 in number, would be per- 
mitted to volunteer into the service of the United States to serve for 

18 



SIX months' militia. 19 

the p(n-i()d of three years; and it wa.s further announced that such of 
the militia as should not enter the l-nited States service would coop- 
erate with the Federal Governiucnt in estahlisiiing peace in the State. 
Following" is a copy of the explanatory order: 

?>\IM,ANAT()KY OkDKR ^ IIeADQUARTEKS, JeFFERSON ClTY, 

No. 2. / Angiisf so, 1861. 

When any regiment is organized and tiie offic^ens coniniisHioued under the State 
law, and desires to volunteer into service of the United States for tliree years or dur- 
ing the war, the conmianding officer will notify the adjutant-general, and a nuister- 
ing ottieer of the United States will 1)6 detailed by the proper officer of the United 
States service to muster the regiment into service. This will extend to 15 regiments. 
The troops organized under the call of the governor which do not enter the service 
of the United States will cooperate with tlu' Federal ((overnment in estat)lishing 
peace in the State. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Geo. R. SMrrii, Ad'intant-Gi'iicral. 

[ll)id., p. 10.] 

It does not appear that any reg-iment of the State militia organized 
under the governor's proclamation of August '2-^^ 1861, which was 
known as the "Six months" militia,'" volunteered into the United 
States service; and although, as stated by the adjutant-general of the 
State in his annual report of 1863 (p. 10), the people of the State 
responded ])romptly to the call of the governor, the embodied force 
fell far short of the number called for, the annual report for 18<)1 
showing an aggregate strength of only 6,185 officers and men. [Offi- 
cial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I. 

P- ?*'-J .... 

This militia force, as stated ])y the State adjutant-g-eneral. was made 

up almost entirely of citizens of the interior of tlie State, who enrolled 

themselves into companies for the defense of their homes and families. 

The service performed l)y them was principally that of ** scouring their 

counties in search of rebel camps and rendezvous, and acting as scouts 

and guides to the various l)odies of volunteers then in the State." 

(Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 11.) 

During the latter part of 1861 and the early part of 1862 a different 

class of militia (the force known as the "' Missouri State jNIilitia") was 

in process of organization, and the governor, iinding that the "six 

months' militia" entailed great expense upon the State without any 

corresponding benetit, on the 14th of January, 1862, issued an order 

directing its dislxindmont on the 25th of the same month. Following 

is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, ^ Headquarters State of Missocri, 

\ Ad.u^tant-Gexeral's Office, 

No. 2. j >V/. Louix, Januanj 14, 1S62. 

I. The commander in chief, in view of the fact that the organization of the six 
months' militia entails great expense upon the State without any corresponding ben- 
efit, orders that this class of troops be disbanded cm the 25th of January, 1802. 

II. Commanding otiicers of the six months' militia will muster their connnands 
for pay and discharge upon the 25th day of January, 1862, and will be prepared to 
deliver up all jiroperty of the State in their control, and to account for such as has 
been lost, consumed, or destroyed in the service. Upon compliance with these 
retpiirements, or as soon thereafter as the rolls can be examined, the officers and men 
will be paid by the State. 

III. Com])anics which shall report themselves ready for muster into the State 
service for the term of the war in accordance with the conditions of the agreement 
made between the United States and the governor of this State as set forth in Gen- 
eral Orders, No. 1, series of 1861, will be accepted and mustered without delay. After 
muster they will be subsisted, clothed, armed, and paid by the United States. 



20 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

IV. The following places are designated as points at which the six months' troops 
will be mustered out of service on the day above named, viz, St. Joseph, Cameron, 
Chillicothe, Macon City, Mexico, and Louisiana. Officers commanding these troops 
will march their men to the nearest and most convenient of the above-named places 
in time to be present at the muster for pay and discharge as aljove ordered. 
By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Chester Hardixg, Jr., 

Adjutant-General. 

A small portion of the force had been discharged previous to the 
issue of the order quoted above, and a larger portion remained in serv- 
ice for a short period after the date fixed for its disbandment. 

The six months' militia was strictly a State force, organized and 
employed for the protection of the lives and property of the citizens 
of the State of Missouri. It was paid by the State and the State was 
subsequently reimbursed by the United States under the provisions of 
the act of Congress approved April IT, 1866, entitled "An act to reim- 
burse the State of Missouri for moneys expended for the United States 
in enrolling, equipping, and provisioning militia forces to aid in sup- 
pressing the rebellion." (14 Stat. L., pp. 38,39.) 

The designations of the organizations forming this militia force are 
given in the schedules accompanying this paper. The organizations 
numbered 5 regiments, 11 battalions, and 10 independent companies. 
One of the latter was designated as cavalry and one as an artiller}- 
company. Some of the organizations of the force are known to have 
been mounted. 



MKSOl RI STATE MILITIA. 



The Missouri State Militia was a peculiar force, entirely separate 
and distinct from all other militia organizations of the State, and its 
status in the service was the subject of consideral)le controversy dur- 
ing the period of its existence. Its organization was the result of a 
desire on the part of the officials of the State to place in the lield a 
force of State militia at the expense of the General Government 
(Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 11) Avhich 
should cooperate with the United States troops ''in repelling the 
invasion of the State and supressing rebellion therein/' 

The proposition for the organization of such a force, made to the 
President by the governor of the State, under direction of the State 
convention, was as follows: 

Executive Mansion, 
Washington, November 5, 1861. 

The governor of the State of Missouri, acting under the direction of the convention 
of that State, proposes to the Government of the United States that he will raise a 
military force, to serve within the State as State militia during the war there, to 
cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling the inva- 
sion of the State and suppressing rebellion therein; the said State militia to be 
embodied and to be held in the camp and in the field, drilled, disciplined, and gov- 
erned according to the Army Regulations and subject to the Articles of War; the 
said State militia not to be ordered out of the State, except for the immediate 
defense of the State of Missouri, but to cooperate with the troops in the service 
of the United States in military operations within the State or necessary to its 
defense, and when officers of the State militia act with officers in the service of the 
United States of the same grade the officers of the United States service shall com- 
mand the comljined fonie; the State militia to be armed, equipped, clothed, sub- 
sisted, transported, and jiaid by the United States during such time as they shall be 
actually engaged as an embodied military force in service, in accordance with regu- 
lations of the United States Army or general orders as issued from time to time. 

In order that the Treasury of the United States may not be burdened with the 
pay of unnecessary officers, the governor proposes that, although the State law 
requires him to apj)oint upon the general staff an adjutant-general, a commissary- 
general, an inspector-general, a quartermaster-general, a paymaster-general, and a 
surgeon-general, each with the rank of colonel of cavalry, yet he proposes that the 
Government of the United States pay only the adjutant-general, the quartermaster- 
general, and inspector-general, tlieir services being necessary in the relations which 
would exist between the State ^lilitia and the United States. The governor further 
proposes that, while he is allowed ])y the State law to appoint aides-de-camp to the 
governor at his discretion, with the rank of colonel, three only shall be reported to 
the United States for payment. He also proposes that the State jNlilitia shall be 
commanded by a single major-general and by such number of brigadier-generals as 
shall allow one for a brigade of not less than four regiments, and that no greater 
numljer of staff otficers shall be appointed for regimental, bi'igade, and division 
duties than as provided for in the act of Congress of the 22d of July, 1861: and that 
whatever be the rank of sucrh officers as fixe<l by the law of the State, the compen- 
sation that they shall receive from the United States shall only be that which belongs 
to the rank given by said act of Congress to officers in the United States service per- 
forming the same duties. 

21 



22 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

The field officers of a regiment in the State MiUtia are one colonel, one lieutenant- 
colonel, and onp major, and the company officers are a captain, a first lieutenant, 
and a second lieutenant. 

The governor proposes that, as the mone\' to be disbursed is the money of the 
United States, such staff officers in the service of the United States as may be neces- 
sary to act as disbursing officers for the State INIilitia shall be assigned by the War 
Department for that duty; or, if such can not be spared from their present duty, he 
will apjioint such persons disbursing officers for the State Militia as the President of 
the United States may designate. Such regulations as may be required, in the judg- 
ment of the President, to insure regularity of returns and to protect the United 
States from any fraudulent practices shall be observed and obeyed by all in office 
in the State Militia. 

The above propositions are accepted on the part of the United States, and the Sec- 
retary of "War is directed to make the necessary orders upon the Ordnance, Quarter- 
master's, Commissary, Pay, and Medical Departments to carry this agreement into 
effect. He will cause the neces.sary staff (officers in the United States service to be 
detailed for duty in connection with the ^Missouri State ^lilitia, and will order them 
to make the necessary provision in their res]>ective offices for fulfilling this agree- 
ment. All requisitions upon the different officers of tlie United States, under this 
agreement, to be made in sulistance in the same mode for the Missouri State ^lilitia 
as similar requisitions are made for troops in the service of the United States, and 
the Secretary of ^Var will cause any additional regulations that may be necessary to 
insure regularity and economy in carrying this agreement into effect to be adopted 
and communicated to the governor of IMissouri for the government of the Missouri 
State 3Iilitia. 

[Official Kecords of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I, pp. 
618,619.] 

The final paragraph of the paper quoted above wa.s eviclenth" 
intended ])v its framer for the sig-nature of the President as hisaceept- 
anee of the }>roposition made in behalf of the State authorities, but the 
President adopted another and a moditied form of acceptance, as is 
shown by his own manuscript indorsement on the l)ack of the paper. 
This indorsement, dated November H, 1861, reads as follows: 

[Indorsement.] 

NOVEMHER 6, 1861. 

This plan aiJjn-oved, with the modification that the governor stipulates that when 
he commissions a niajoi -general of militia it shall Ije the same person at the time in 
command of the United States Department of the West; and in case the United States 
shall change such commander of the department, he (the governor) will revoke the 
State commission given to the person relieved and give one to the person substituted 
to the United States command of said department. 

A. Lincoln. 

[Ibid., pp. 619,620.] 

The acceptance by the United States of the proposition of the State 
authorities, as moditied by tho President, was published in general 
orders from the A\'ar Department, of which the following is a copy: 

Gexer.\l Orders, \ War Dep.vrt.ment, Aiwi'tant-General's Ofeice, 

No. 96. ( Wnshinglon, Xoremher 7, 1861. 

Authority to raise a force of State militia to serve dui'ing the war is granted, by 
direction of the President, to the governor of ^Missouri. This force is to C(X)]^erate 
with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling the invasion of the 
State of ^Missouri and in sujipressing rebellion therein. It is to be held in camp and 
in the field, drilled, disciplined, and governed, according to the Regulations of the 
United States Army, and su])ject to the Articles of War. But it is not to be ordered 
out of the State of Missouri except for the immediate defense of the said State. 

The State forces thus authorized will be, during such time as they shall be actually 
engaged as an emliodit'd military force in active ser\ice, armed, equipped, clothed, 
sulisistt'ij, transported, and paiil l)y the United States, in accordanct' with the Regu- 
lations of the Cnited States Arniv and such orders as niav from time to time be 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 23 

issued from the War Department, and in no other manner; and they shall be con- 
sidered as <lisl)anded from the service of the United .States whenever the President 
may so direct. 

In connection with this force the governor is authorized to appf)int the following 
officers, who will lie recojjnized and ]iaid by the United States, to wit: One major- 
general, to conimand"the whole ol* the State forces bn)U<,dit into service, who shall 
be the same person appointed by the Tresident to command the United States Mili- 
tary Department of the West, and shall retain his commission as major-general of 
the State forces onlyduring hisconmiand of the said department; 1 adjutant-general, 
1 insi)ector-gcneral^ and I (juartermaster-general, each with the rank and pay of a 
colonel of cavalry; 3 aides-de-camj) to the governor, each with the rank and pay of 
a colonel of infantry; brigadier-generals at the rate of 1 to a brigade of not less tlian 
4 regiments; and division, brigade, and regimental staff otticers not to exceed in 
numl)ers those ])rovided for in the organization ])iescribed by the act approved 
July 22, 1S()1, "For the employment of v()luntccrs," nor to ])e more highly compen- 
sated by the United States, whatever their nominal rank in the State service, than 
officers performing the same duties under that act. 

The tiehl otticers of a regiment to be 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant-colonel, aivd 1 major; 
and the otticers of a company to be 1 captain, 1 first and 1 second lieutenant. 

When otticers of the said State forces shall act in conjunction with officers of the 
United States Army of the same grade the latter shall connnand the conibined force. 

All disbursements of money made to these troops, or in consequence of their 
employment by the United States, shall be made by disbursing officers of the United 
States Army, assigned by the War Department, or sjiecially a])i)ointed 1)y the Presi- 
dent for that purpose, who will make their requisitions upon the different supply 
departments in the same manner for the Missouri State forces as similar requisitions 
are made for other volunteer troops in the service of the United States. 

Tlie Secretary of War will cause any additional regulations that may be necessary 
for tlie purpose of i)romoting economy, insuring regularity of returns, and protecting 
the United States from fraudulent pi'actices to be adopted and published for the 
government of the said State forces, and the same will be obeyed and observed by all 
in office under the authority of the State of Missouri. 

By order: 

Julius P. Garesche, 
Assistant A djutant- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 
565,566.] 

On November 25, 1861, a general order [No. 1] was issued bv the 
governor of the State, in which he published the "arrangement'' 
entered into between the State and the United States authorities, 
quoting General Orders, No. 96. from the War Department, and 
announcing the appointment of Major-General Halleck, the command- 
ing general. Department of the Missouri, as "major-general of the 
Missouri State Militia." Omitting the quotation of General Orders, 
No. 90, the order reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 1. j Sf. Louis, yuvcmha- 25, 1861. 

****** * 

This arrangement has 1)een made in order to secure to the troops raised for the 
purpose of supi)ressing insurrection in, and repelling invasion of, the State of Mis- 
souri tlie same compensation as that received by the United States Volunteers. 

To the end that the State militia may be placed as nearly as possible upon the 
same footing with the United States Volunteers, the organization will be made the 
same, as follows, viz: 

Each regiment shall have one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, one major, one 
adjutant (a lieutenant), one quartermaster (a lieutenant), one surgeon and one 
assistant surgeon, one sergeant-major, one quartermaster-sergeant, one commissary- 
sergeant, and two principal musicians, and shall becomi:)osed of ten companies, each 
company to consist of one captain, one lirst lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one 
first sergeant, four sergeants, eight corporals, two nuisicians, one wagoner, and from 
sixty-four to eighty-two privates. 

This force to be organized into brigades of not less than four regiments each; each 



24 MISSOUEI TEOOPS UNION. 

brigade to have one brigadier-general, two aides-de-camp, one ass^istant adjutant- 
general with the rank of captain; one surgeon, one assistant quartermaster, and one 
commissary of subsistence (captains). 

The company officers are to be elected by their respective companies, and the field 
and staff officers appointed by the governor. 

The troops already organized under the call of tiie executive'of the State can have 
the benefits of the arrangement made with the Government of the United States by 
increasing the numbers in companies and regiments to the requirements of the 
arrangement, and being mustered into service for the war, according to its terms, 
their officers having the rank they now hold. 

Maj. dren. Henry W. Halleck, of the United States Army, has been appointed and 
commissioned major-general of the Missouri State iNIilitia. 

H. R. Gamble, Governor of Mitimnri. 

[Book No. 923, Department of the Missouri, pp. 2, 3.] 

Brig". Gen. John M. Schotield, United States Volunteers, was 
appointed a brigadier-general of the Missouri State Militia, and in an 
order, of which the following is a copy, he was ''placed in command 
of all the militia of the State:'' 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 1. j St. Louis, Xovemher 27 , 1861. 

Brig. Gen. John M. Schofield, of the United States Volunteers, having been appointed 
and commissioned brigadier-general of the Missouri State Militia, is hereby placed in 
command of all the militia of the State. 

H. W. Halleck, 
Major- General, Missouri State Militia. 

[Ibid., p. 4.] 

On the 29th of November, 1861, an order was issued b}' General 
Schotield assuming command of the State Militia and announcing that 
the organization of the "State forces," according to the arrangement 
entered into l)etween the President and the governor of Missouri, 
would be prosecuted as rapidly as possible. Following is a copy of 
the order: 

General Orders, ) Headquarters Missouri Militia, 

No. 1. / St. Louis, Xovemher 39, 1861. 

I. In compliance with orders from Major-General Halleck, of the Missouri 3Iilitia, 
dated St. Louis, November f7, 1861, I hereby assume command of all the militia of 
the State. 

II. The organization of the State forces and their muster into service, according to 
the terms of the arrangement entered into between the President of the United 
States and the governor of ^Missouri, will be prosecuted as rapidly as possible. Mus- 
tering officers will be appointed and rendezvous designated from time to time as 
circumstances may reciuire. 

III. Mustering "officers will be stricth^ guided by the regulations published here- 
with. 

IV^. A strict observance of the Army Regulations will be required of all troops 
mustered into the service of the State. Ordnance, quartermaster, and subsistence 
stores will be issued only upon requisitions, in due form, made by the proper officers. 
All officers will be required to render their accounts promptly and accurately. 

V. Officers commanding troops now in the State service will make returns of their 
respective connnands to the adjutant-general of the State immediately, and hereafter 
on the last day of every uujnth. 

J. M. Schofield, 
Brigadier- General Commanding. 

[Ibid., p. 4.] 

On the same date, November 29, 1S61, General Schotield published 
detailed instructions for the org-anization and nuLster in of the Missouri 
State Militia, the preparation and distribution of muster-in rolls, the 
subsistence of the troops, and the issue of clothing-, camp and garrison 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. ^^ 



equipage, etc. This wus done in a .voneral order of whi.-h the follow- 
ino" is a copy: 

I The itllowin,! in.tr,u-ti,.ns are issue.l for the h^formation an<l govenunent of 
mustering otHc-ers ami all others "^teres^^^^^^^ between the a-es of eighteen (18) an.l 

11. Whenever a number ot 'i"^iy'^,^"«'f; ;^f ^^^^^^^^^ 
fortv-iive(45) years, not less than ^^u'hty- h ee (8^ ^^^ ^^^ 

one-(lOl) shall .les re t.. volunteer ''^^^.f^'^'l^'^X^Jj^^^ 

State, to serve for the tern, ot -Innng ^^ ;^rin'neet. r-eneral his assistant, or some 
of organization unless sooner '^'^-'-^'f}'^'''^' l^^^^^ ^^^^ a complete roll 

othei- officer designated to ^^':^^'^;i^^^^^\^ue.^d bl assured 
^If an a^":^:enrSu.n^i^^;! -;^n^^ to hold np his naked right 
hand, he will administer the f«il"^^'^"^,^^\t^_Vpnn,lv -wear that von will honestlv an<l 

vour utiiiost to sustain the I,""* '"t"™ ^V ' ?",' I'lrfpt^^^^^^^^^ yot A" ("rthw 

ff it4'r;'ai';r t^n- *;inrsSc;'t^n"sz;;trtL .„,„paw into ..« 

service of the State. 

CAPTION OF MUSTER ROLLS FOR MUSTER INTO SERVICE. 

III. Muster roll of faptain —--—;. CJ^«^lL^'VaUe.l i,;;^eS;"e of 
?L'^Sf^"^.'S"rrS;T;'«o\'enS;'rLn.e fo,. the ten,, of ,>,„.in, tl,e war i. 
Sfssoui'i from the date of organization unless sooner discharge,!. 

NUMBER OF ROLLS TO BE MADE. 

th-a,Sh^S",;?^sssij^if^SiS?^ 

and one for the inspector-general of the State ot Missouri. 

FILLING UP THE MUSTER ROLLS. 

so of the grades l,e)ow. „ ..„i..\ n„. ...lotaii, 1- tirst lieutenant, 1; sef- 

VI. Xtunber (in the .natyural "'""f.^l'^J 'i^.''' T3 4, .5, 6, 7, 8: musicians, 

ond lieutenant 1; set^eants, 1, f ?■ *' ^■^^"JT^^'^ip al et eal order. Every grade 

i;^LtT^5TtJ\lJV.Sn;;^^?i'w1;l^Ni.^aS°t'he .-eclpitulation .ill show the ,.or.-e- 

''Tlf ' Trci?i's.ia,w«,,fr,lr-the first one, as -John B. Smith," must, in all cases, 
^ t7^Si'c'ar;a™e;,t?hl« wm ^IS l^^T^^^n^er roll, four as 

^'rTrrr,!.''^i:i7'n;r;r|wiiie,^^^^^^ 

colonel, mapr, adjutant (one ot the conipan> .^l^^.Jf"^";^^^^^ sergeant-major, regi- 
S:^ !X.5=L!SS;nr^eginS ;^;urarv^^n, Lspital Iteward, 
and two principal musicians. 



26 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

ISSUE OF SUBSISTENCE STORES. 

XI. Returns for issues to companies will be made by the captains (see Form 13, 
Regulations), and, as this is the only mode by which subsistence stores can be issued 
to companies, othcers should inform themselves without delay. Returns for issue to 
companies will, when practicable, be consolidated for the regiment. (See Form 14.) 

ISSUES OF CLOTHING, CAMP AND GARRISON EQUIPA(iE. 

XII. Requisitions for issue to companies will be made by the captains by special 
requisitions (see Form 40). The number and articles should be written in the body 
of the requisition. 'It is desirable that requisitions for clothing and requisitions for 
camp and garrison equipage should be separate for a company equipped for the first 
time. 

ISSUES OF ORDNANCE AND ORDNANCE STORES. 

XIII. Requisitions for issues to companies will be made by the captains (see Form 
23). The forms referred to in this order will be found in the series of numbers, 
under the heads of the several departments referred to in the Revised Regulations, 
and blank returns will be furnished by the mustering officer. 

XIV. Volunteers are not to be less than 18 nor more than 45 years of age. Some 
exceptions may be made for overage in commissioned officers, provided they be 
physically robust and active, and in all other respects well qualified; but in this the 
mustering officer must exercise a sound and rigid judgment. 

XV. All officers and men must be sound and active, free from all malformations, 
defects of sight, hearing, and diseases of any kind. 

J. M. SCHOFIELD, 

Brir/acUer-General, Connnandlng. 
[Ibid., lip. 5-7.] 

On December 2, 1861, additional instructions were issued, as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri Militia, 

iSo. 3. J St. Louis, December ^, 1861. 

I. The following instructions, in addition to those published in General Orders, 
No. 2, from these headquarters, are issued for the government of mustering officers 
and all others interested: 

II. Immediately after a company is mustered into service the mustering officer will 
furnish the captain of the company with a certificate of the muster, giving the name 
of the captain, the number of officers, and numl^er of enlisted men in the company, 
and the date of muster. 

III. The captains of companies will make requisitions for subsistence, arms and 
ammunition, clothing, and camp and garrison equipage upon the United States 
commissary, ordnance officer, and quartermaster at the nearest (or most convenient) 
post to the place where the troops are stationed. 

IV. Duplicates of requisitions for ordnance or quartermaster stores will be for- 
warded immediately to the adjutant-general of tlie State. 

V. Mustering officers will make duplicate returns (see form of monthly return) of 
every company mustered, forwarding one copy immediately to the adjutant-general 
and one for the captain ni the company. 

VI. All mounted companies will be received provided their horses are good and 
serviceable. The horses and horse equipments will be inspected and appraised as 
follows: 

VII. The mustering officer and captains of companies will select three respectable 
and impartial men, good judges of the value of horses, and not members of any com- 
pany nor owning or having interest in any horse therein, to appraise the horses and 
hor.se eejuipages. The valuation will be the fair cash price at the place and time, 
what the judges would be willing to give were they purchasing for themselves. And 
the assessed value for horses and horse equipments — the two separate — will be ]iut 
on the muster roll opposite the owners' names, and the appraisers, being sworn by 
the mustering officers, will sign the certificate for that purpose on the roll of muster 
into service, and the valuation will l)e continued on the subsequent rolls. 

VIII. Every man should be the owner of the horse in his u,«e. No one belonging 
to the command ( conqiany or regiment) can be the owner of, or in any manner have 
interest in, the horse in use of another. 

J. M. Schofield, 
Brigadier- Gei i eral, Com tnand ing. 
[Ibid., pp. 7,8.] 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. -i 

And on Deoomber IP). ISOI. further instructions wovq givon in an 
order, of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

>^^, 5 ( ,S7. Lonis, December 13, 1861. 

The following regulations will be observed by ]iost quartermasters and commissa- 
ries and ofiicevs engaged in organizing State troops: _ 

I Any otticer authorized bv the oonnnander in chiet to raise troops for the State 
service inav enroll men and "administer to them the customary ..ath whereby the 
men will bind themselves to the service of the State during the war, unless sooner 

II 'The post quartermaster and commissary at the nearest post to the place where 
the troops are orsanizini,' will issue subsistence, clothing, blankets, and camp equipage 
to men enrolled and sworn in, as prescribed above, upon the re-iuisitionot the otticer 
empowered to enroll and administer the oath, with a certificate showing that the 
men are actually in service and have not drawn any of the articles mentioned in the 
requisition for the time specified. , ,, , « • «. + 

III When the number of men enrolled bv any one ofhcer shall be suthcient to 
constitute a companv notice shall be given by such officer to the nearest mustering 
officer, who will, as soon as practicable, regularly organize and muster into service 

such conn)anv. , . -n i j v „ 

After a company is mustered into service its subsistence will be drawn trom a 
United States commissarv, as prescribed in General Orders, Nos. 2 and 3. 

IV Arms will not be issued except to full companies mustered into service. 

All reciuisitions for arms must bear the certificate of the mustering officer that the 
company has been regularly mustered into the service, and must be sent to head(iuar- 
ters for the approval of the" commanding general. 

The «upply of arms being at present somewhat less than the demand, the men 
enterino- the 'service will bring with them such arms as they may have or can procure 
for use \intil they can be supplied by the (Tovernment. The supply of arms will 
verv soon be ample. ., , , ^, .^ ., , o. ■„„ 

V Po«t commissaries will not issue the full rations prescribed by the L nited S-tates 
Armv Regulations, but a sufficiency of good, wholesome food, such as meat, tiour or 
corn meal, and potatoes, which can be purchased near the post at moderate prices. 
The men are to be supplied, after being enrolled and until mustered m\o service by 
companies, with the necessary amount of food for their health and comfort at the 
least possible expense to the State; after being mustered, the United States will fur- 
nish full rations. 

By order of J. M. Schofield, brigadier-general, commanding: 

C. W. Marsh, J.w/.s/onf Adjvtant-General. 

[Ibid., pp.9, 10.] 

By an act of Congre.ss approved February 13, 1862. entitled "An act 
makino- appropriation for completing- the defenses of Washington, and 
for other purposes," it was provided: 

Sec 3 \nd he U further enarted, That no volunteers or militia from any State or 
Territory shall be mustered into the service of the United States on any terms or 
conditions confining their service to the limits of said State or Territory or their 
vicinities, bevond the number of 10,000 in the State of T^Iissoun and 4,o00 m the 
State of .Maryland, heretofore authorized by the President of the X nited States, or 
Secretary of AVar, to be raised in said States. 

* ■ * * * * * * 

Approved, February 13, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 339.] 

On April 1. ISt;:^. the number of men enlisted ''for the State service" 

having reached the limit authorized by law, General Schofield issued 

the following order: 

Gexervi Orders 1 Headquarters Missouri State ]\Iilitia, 

^ y^fj X_ ' , St. Louis, Mp., April 1, 1S62. 

The number of men enlisted for the State service having reached the limit author- 
ized by Congress, all recruiting will cease excepting such as may l)e necessary to 
comi)lete the following organizations, viz: . . , , , 

Colonels Hall and Penick, St. Joseph, :Mo., 20 companies infantry and cavalry; 
Colonel McFerran, (Tallatin, Mo., 10 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant- 



28 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

Colonel Catlierwood, Cameron, ]Mo., 6 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant- 
Colonel Kiny, Chillicothe, ^lo., 6 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel 
Crane, Alexandria, Mo., 8 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel 
Guitar, Columbia, Mo., 8 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel Gil- 
strap, Hudson, Mo., 6 companies infantry and cavalry; Lieutenant-Colonel Lips- 
comb, Palmyra, Mo., 6 companies; Lieutenant-Colonel Neville, Chillicothe, Mo., 4 
companies; Lieutenant-Colonel Smart, Louisiana, Mo., 6 companies; Colonel 
McClurg, Lime Creek, Mo., 10 companies; Colonel Philips, Georgetown, Mo., 6 com- 
panies infantry; at Springfield, Mo., 6 companies infantry; at Ironton, Mo., 3 com- 
panies infantry; at Kansas City, Mo., — companies infantry; at Jefferson City, Mo., 2 
companies infantry; at Greenville, Mo., 2 companies infantry; at Boonville, Mo., 6 
companies. 

Whenever the number of parts of companies mustered for a particular battalion or 
regiment is greater than the number of full companies allowed, the parts must be 
united so as to reduce the number to the limit. L^nassigned recruits will be dis- 
tributed among the various companies. 

When a company is formed of two parts already mustered in, with first lieutenants, 
in the election of captain the company will be restricted to a choice between the two 
lieutenants. 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. INIarsh, Assistant Adjutant-Genernl. 

[Book No. 923, Department of the Missouri, pp. 20, 21.] 

Notwithstanding- the restrictions imposed in General Scholield's 
order, the enlistments for the Missouri State Militia reached an aggre- 
gate of more than 13,000. and it became necessary to reduce the force 
to the limit prescribed b}^ law. Accordingly, on the 16th of May, 
1862, a circular order was issued by General Schofield, of which the 
following is a copy: 

Circular.] Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

St. Louis, Mo. , May 16, 1862. 

The act of Congress which authorizes the governor of the State of Missouri to 
raise a force of State militia to serve during the war, to be disciplined and governed, 
armed, equij^ped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and paid by the United States, in 
accordance with the regulations of the United States Army, also provide<l that this 
force shall not exceed in number 10,000. The deputy paymaster of the Department 
having received orders not to pay over the number provided by the act referred to, 
it is desirable that the force now in the service of the State shall be reduced to the 
limit prescribed by law. 

In this view the commanding officers of regiments and battalions are instructed, 
and medical officers are directed, to have the men of their commands critically 
examined as to their physical ability and furnish certificates of disability for all such 
as are found to be incapable of performing the duties of a soldier in cam]) and in the 
field. 

And commanding officers will report to these headquarters all such men as are, 
from insubordinate and disorderly conduct, habitual drunkenness, or from any cause, 
unfit for the service, that they may sunmiarily be discharged by the commander in 
chief. 

By order of Brigadier-(Teneral Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, Assistant Adjutaid-ih-iirrdL 

[Ibid., p. 28.] 

There was some delay in the reduction of the force to the authorized 
limit, which, in connection with the excess in the number of enlist- 
ments, was the subject of a report by the War Department in response 
to a Senate resolittion. Following is a copy of the report: 

AyAR Department, 
WasltiiKjton City, February 10, 1863. 
Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, 

Vice-President of the United States. 
Sir: In reply to the resolution of the Senate of the 16th ultimo, calling for infor- 
mation as to whether "the limitation in the third section of the act to authorize the 
State of ^Missouri to raise 10,000 troops for local defense, approved February 13, 1862, 
has been exceeded, and if so, by whose authority such excess has been allowed," I 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA, 29 

have the honor to transmit herewith a letter from tiie A<ljutant-( Jeneral, of the 14th 
in.«tant, inclosin^^' a report npon tliis suhject, of date theHth instant, from the acting 
adjntant-Keneral of .Missouri. 

I am, sir, very respeetfully, your ol)edient servant, 

I-2i)wix I\I. Staxtox, 

Secrctarij of War. 
[Iiiclosurc] 

AVaK DKrAKT.MKXT, AaiTTAXT-GEXERAL's OfFICE, 

Wafihinffton, February 14, 1863. 
Hon E. M. Staxtox, 

Sccretavji of ]V<n\ 
Sir: In answer to a eall of the Senate, of date the 16th ultimo (eoi)y herewitli), 
in relation to troojis for loeal defense in the State of Missouri, and which was referred 
to this otiice for report. I have the honor to submit a connnunication from tiie 
adjutant-g(.'neral of ^lissouri, of date the tUh instant, which supplies tlie information 
asked for. 

I am, sir, very resi)ectfully, your oliedient servant, 

E. D. TowxsExn, 
^Isslsdnit A<ljutaut-( jeneral . 
[Subinelosure.] 

Headquarters State of Missouri, 

Aiuutaxt-Gexeral's Office, 

St. Louis, February 6, 1863. 
Col. Thomas M. Vixcext, 

A.9>i(sta)it Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C. 

Sir: I am directed by his excellency the govenor, in answer to your communica- 
tion of the 26th ultimo relative to the excess of troops raised by 3Iissonri for local 
•defense, to reply as follows: 

Previous to the act of Congress limiting the number of trooi>s tf» 10,000, Governor 
Gamble had made an arrangement with the President whereby he was authorized to 
raise (not being limited to any sisecific number) a military force, to be armed, 
equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and paid by the United States during such 
time as they should be actually engaged as an eml)odied military force in service. 
(See Senate Ex. Doc. No. 6, Thirty-seventh Congress, second session, and CJeneral 
Orders, No. 96, War Department, series 1861.) 

In accordance with this agreement the organization of this force was commenced 
in November, 1861 (see copy of General Orders, No. 1, Headquarters State ]Militia, 
November 25, 1861, herewith inclosed, marked A"), and authoi'ity given to parties to 
recruit for companies and regiments all over the State, and at the time of the passage 
■of the act of Congress limiting the number to be raised over 13,000 men were enlisted. 

Preparations were immediately made by the governor, on the recei]>t of the order 
limiting the number, to muster out the surplus; and this was being done when the 
following communication was received from the Adjutant-General. 

' 'Ad.iutaxt-General's Office, 

"Washington, June 23, 1863. 
"His Excellencv the Goverxor of Missouri, 

";SV. Louis, Mo. 
" Sir: It having been represented at this office that some three regiments of State 
militia have been raised in your State in excess of the nnmV)er authorized by Con- 
gress, I am instructed to inform you that these extra troops will be received into the 
general service of the United States, provided such is their wish. If they do not 
desire to come into the general service they will be disbanded. 
"I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

"L. Thomas, Adjutant-Ceneral." 

An order was immediately issued to the commanding officers of regiments (copy 
inclosed, marked C) directing a report to be made to these headquarters of those 
who desired to be mustered into the United States service. Through their command- 
ing officers the troops expressed an unwillingness to enter the service as United 
States volunteers. 

The governor then ordered that the surplus force be disbanded, but Brig. Gen. J. 31. 
Schotield, then commanding the District of Missouri, protested against it on the 
ground of the small force of United States troops in his command and the threaten- 

"Here omitted; but see pp. 23, 24. 



30 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

ing aspect of affairs in the State at that time; and the governor, at the request of the 
general commanding, telegraphed to the War Department informing the authorities 
of his intention to disljand the surplus, and also the reasons urged by General Scho- 
field that it should not be done, and received a reply from the General in Chief of the 
Army, of which the following is a copy: 

"Washington, D. C, August 15, 1862. 
"His Excellenc}' Governor Gamble: 

"The Secretary of War consents to your retaining in service the surplus militia, at 
least for the present; that all preparation should be made for the draft, and the ques- 
tion of postponement will be decided hereafter. 

"H. W. Halleck, General in Chief." 

The foregoing is the authority by which the surplus militia was retained in service 
during the time the necessity existed for it. 

As soon as the exigencies of the service would admit orders were issued to reduce 
the force to the proper number, and by the last consolidated return (for December) 
forwarded from this office the aggregate is 10,370. 

An order will be issued in a few days breaking up four of the regiments and dis- 
tributing the companies among the Qther regiments to bring them to the standard of 
twelve companies each, as required by act of Congress approved July 17, 1862, and 
General Orders, No. 126, War Department, 1861. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Wm. D. Wood, 
Colonel and Aide-de-Camp, Actiny Adjutant- General. 

C. 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters State of Missouri, 

> Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 29. J St. Louis, June SG, 1862. 

The following communication from the War Department is published for the infor- 
mation of all concerned:^ 

To enable the governor to comj^ly with the above requirements the officer com- 
manding each company of militia now in service will, without delay, ascertain and 
report to the adjutant-general of the State, through the commanding officer of his 
regiment or battalion, the officers and the number of men of his company who are 
willing to be mustered into the service of the United States as volunteers for "three 
years or during the war." 
By order of the Commantjer in Chief: 

Wm. D. AVood, 
Colonel and Acting Adjutant-General. 

[Official Eecords of the Union and Confederate Annies, Series III, Vol. Ill, pp. 
52-54.] 

In connection with the subject of the reduction of the Missouri State 
Militia and its reorganization into regiments of 12 companies each, 
under the provisions of the act of Congress approved Jidy IT. 1862, 
the adjutant-general of the State said in his annual report of 1803 
(p. 49)': 

The resolution of Congress which confirmed the agreement between your excel- 
lency and the President in reference to the raising of the "Missouri State ]\Iilitia," 
provided that the force should not exceed 10,000 men; and as the numlier which was 
enlisted prior to June, 1862, had exceeded that amount by some 3,000, and as the 
only reductions during that year had been such as are incident to the ordinary cas- 
ualties of the service, and a muster out of a portion of the Eleventh Cavalry, Missouri 
State Militia, upon its consolidation with the Second and a portion of the First and 
Second l:)attalions, and, furthermore, as orders from the War Department had been 
issued recjuiring that all cavalry regiments should consist of 12 companies, it became 
necessary that a plan of consolidation should l)e adopted in conformity thereto. 
With this view, the following order was issued, and, with the exception of so much 
of it as refers to the breaking up and distritjutiini of the Fifth Regiment and the 
transfer of Captain Burris's company, was carried into effect: 

* Here omitted. See Thomas to governor of Missouri, June 23, 1862, p. 29. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 31 

"General Okdeks, ^ "Hkadqiauters State of MissorRi, 

i- "Adjitant-Gexeral's Office, 

"No. o. j "St. Loui.t, Fehrnury 2, 1863. 

"I. In compliance with an act of Consrcsv, 'approved July 17, 1S62,' and (ieneral 
Orders, No. 12fi, series lS(i2, from tlie War Department, tiie follo\vin<r consolidation 
of the regiments composing the Missouri .State Militia, organized under (ieneral 
Orders, No. 96, War Department, series 1861, are announced fur the information of 
all concerned: 

"First. The Third Regiment of Cavalry, M. S. ^F., is hereby broken up, and the 
10 companies belonging to the same will be attached and distributed as follows: 

" Four companies to be attached and one companv to l)e distributed among the 
Sixth Cavalry, :M. S. M. 

" Four companies to be attached and one company to be distributed among the 
Seventh Cavalry, ]\F. S. M. 

"Second. The Fifth Regiment of Cavalry, M. S. M., is hereby Ijroken up, and the 
10 companies belonging to the same will l)e attached and distributed as follows: 

"Three companies to be attached and two companies to l)e distributed among the 
First Cavalry, M. S. M. 

"Four companies to be attached and one companv to be distributed among the 
Ninth Cavalry, :M. S. :M. 

"Third. The Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, M. S. M., is hereby broken up, and 
the 8 companies belonging to the same will be attached and distributed as follows: 

"Three companies to be attached to the Tenth Cavalry, ^I. S. M. 

"Three companies to be attached and two companies to l)e distributed among the 
Thirteenth Cavalry, M. S. M." 

The Fifth Regiment, Colonel Penick, was subsequently mustered out of service, as 
was also the remainder of the Second Battalion; thus the force was reduced to the 
limit mentioned above. 

It may here be remarked that but one organization of the Missouri 
State Militia (the Schotield Light Artiller}-) was "'received into the 
general service of the United States'' under the invitation extended in 
the War Department letter of June 23, 1862, quoted above in the 
report of the Secretary of War to the President of the Senate. 

As was to be expected from the peculiar character of the Missouri 
State Militia, a question soon arose as to its status in the service. If 
it was a military force in the service of the State of ]\Iissouri. the gov- 
ernor of the State was authorized to remove its officers, liut if it was 
in the military service of the United States, the President alone could 
exercise the power of dismissal. The right to the extra pay subse- 
quently provided by Congress for officers of the volunteer forces who 
should serve to the close of the war, the rights of both officers and 
enlisted men to pension, and the rights of enlisted men to the bounties 
provided b}' law for enlistments and reenlistments in tlie United States 
service were also involved. The question was first brought to the 
attention of the United States military authorities l)v Governor Gam- 
ble in a letter to Major-General Halleck. dated Septem])er 22. 1862. 
That letter and the ensuing correspondence Ijetw'een the governor and 
the General in Chief are here quoted: 

Headquarters Missot-ri State ^Iilitia, 

St. Louis, September 22, 1862. 
Major-General Halleck. 

General: I see that questions are about to arise here with some of the United 
States officers which you can settle without difficulty before they assume an unpleas- 
ant aspect. 

You know the character of the force which I raised as State militia under my 
arrangement with the President. Besides that force I have proceeded to enroll the 
entire militia of the State. 

As yet you are the major-general of the State militia. General Schofield was com- 
missioned brigadier-general of the State militia, and the command was by your order 
assigned to him. At that time there was no other militia organization than the 
troops organized under the arrangement with the President. 



32 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Brigadier-General Davidson is now in command of the St. Louis District. He is 
an officer of volunteers, but not of the State militia. He claims the right to com- 
mand the enrolled militia and to order them into service, they not now being in 
actual service. 

Questions arise in resi^ect both to the force organized under my arrangement with 
the President and the mass of militia enrolled. 

I assert that the force I raised under my arrangement with the President is a State 
force and not a I'nited States force. The document filed in the War Department 
signed by the President will determine this. That document provides that the force 
to be raised shall be ordered to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United 
States, and determines what officer shall command the combined force. The Presi- 
dent in making the agreement stipulated that the commanding general of the depart- 
ment should be commissioned by the governor major-general of the State militia. 

These provisions^as well as the whole tenor of the paper show the understanding 
of the parties to be that the force w-as to be a State force, and it was only to prevent 
a possible difficulty that the unity in the command was provided for by making the 
same officer the general of ]:)oth descriptions of forces. 

I call your attention to this question now, not because any difficulty has arisen, 
but to prevent its occurrence. 

***♦*■» * 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. R. Gamble. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. II, p. 579.] 

Washington, September 27, 1862. 
His Excellency Governor Gamble, St. Ijouis. 

Governor: Yours of the 22d in relation to command of volunteers and militia 
officers is received. 

I am informed that the General Government has uniformly acted on the ground 
that the clause nf the Constitution (Art. I, sec. 8, p. 15) respecting the "appointment 
of officers and the authority of training the militia" refers only to the officers of the 
organization under which they are brought into the service of the United States, and 
that the commanding or "governing such part of them as may l)e employed in the 
service of the United States" belongsto the Federal Government; or, in other words, 
maybe "prescribed by Congress." For example, when the militia of a State is 
called into the service of the United States by regiments, the regimental officers must 
be appointed by the State; so when called in by brigades, the brigade officers must 
also be so appointed. But it by no means follows that these regiments or brigades 
when once in the service are to be connnanded always and only by officers so 
appointed. t)n the contrary, such organizations are to be ' ' governed ' ' or commanded 
as may be prescribed by Congress; or, in the absence of any law on that sul)ject, as 
may be directed by the President as Commander in Chief, always in conformity with 
the common law of military usage. Thus, regiments of militia mustered into the 
service of the United States would be under the orders of a brigade commander of 
proper rank designated by law or by the President. 

The act of July 17, 1862, conforms to the foregoing view of the constitutional pro- 
vision and to the uniform j^ractice of the Government. Section 2 of that act provides 
that the militia when called into service "shall l)e organized in the mode prescribed 
by law for volunteers" — that is, the organization must be by batteries and regiments; 
and the officers of such batteries and regiments are to be appointed by the States, 
but the brigade, division, and army corps commanders are to be apijointed by the 
President. 

A familiar and effective mode of testing the correctness of any construction of a 
constitutional or legal provision is to consider the consequences of a different one. 
Let us suppose that militia in the service of the United States can be commanded 
only l)y officers appointed by the States, for this matter of command is the real ques- 
tion involved. Suppose a single battery, battalion, or regiment of militia be called 
into service. It could, under this view, be commanded only by officers of the State 
in which it was raised. It might be attached to a brigade, division, or army corps 
of regulars or volunteers, but the generals of such commands could give it no orders. 
No use could be made of it until the jiartit-ular State appointed an officer of higher 
rank than the commander of the corps and the United States mustered him into serv- 
ice. Again, suppose there are 10 regiments from different States in the same corps, 
there nmst be 10 distinct and independent commanders to that corjis, for the appoint- 
ment must be by the States, respectively, and an officer appointed by one State can 
not command the militia of another State while in the service of the United States. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. ' 33 

It can hardly l)e puppof-od that the trainers of the Constitution intended to authorize 
the use of the State mihtia in the service of the United States and at the same time 
to put such restrictions ujion that use as to render it inipossihle. 

Let us now put this (juestion to a practical test. The I'resident, under the author- 
ity of the law of July 17, has called for a draft of .'>U0,000 men from the militia of the 
loyal States. The men s^) tlrafted are to be organized into regiments by the several 
States and nmstered into the service of the United States by regiments as organized 
and olticered by the States respectively. What is to be done with these militia regi- 
ments when so mustered into the service of the L'nited States? The law contem- 
plates that they are to be used the same as any other troops in the United States and 
to be assigned to brigades, divisions, and army corps under regular or volunteer com-' 
mandens legally ai)pointed liy the President of the United States. But if State mili- 
tia can be c-ommanded only by othcers appointed bj' the States, respectively, we have 
twenty or thirty separate and independent organizations, which can not be made to 
act in conjunction, and which are bound to obey only the orders of the officers 
appointed by their own State. Could anyone imagine a more perfect state of mili- 
tary anarchy? Troops in the service of the Ignited States, paid and subsisted by the 
United States, and yet not "governed" or commanded l)y the United States! Such a 
construction of the Constitution opens to us the shortest possil)le road to dissolution 
and anarchy. I have no doubt that the practice of the Government in regard to the 
militia in the service of the L'nited States is in perfect accordance with the constitu- 
tional provision referred to, and that a battery, battalion, or regiment of militia when 
mustered into service can be commanded by any officer of jaroper rank appointed by 
the United States. 

In regard to rank, the Army Regulations are very specific. Paragraph 9 provides 
that officers commissioned by the United States rank officers of like grade commis- 
sioned by a State. 

Adopting this view of the general question, we will now examine how far the terms 
of the authority given by the President to the governor of Missouri to raise militia 
for the service of the United States excepts such forces from the general rule of com- 
mand while in such service. This authority does not prescribe how this militia force 
was to be received into the service of the United States, but it was in fact, under the 
orders of the War Department, received by companies and regiments; and when four 
regiments were received, the governor appointed a brigadier-general and brigade staff 
officers. It seems to have been the intention that when these troops were brigaded 
they should have their own brigade commanders, and also that they should be sub- 
ject to the general command only of the commander of that department. But it also 
seems to have been understood that this militia force might be u.sed in other ways 
than as separate and distinct brigades and regiments and that the exigencies of the 
service might require parts of it to serve in conjunction with other troops when the 
militia officers were to be commanded by United States officers of the same grade. 
In fact, this militia force has never served in the field by brigades, but by regiments 
and companies or detachments, and where they act in a district or at a post or in 
campaign "'in conjunction" with other troops tliey must be commanded by the officer 
highest in rank, whether he be a militia officer or not. 

But you draw a distinction between a general of the Regular Army and of volun- 
teers in regard to his right to command the Missouri Militia when acting in conjunc- 
tion with other troops. I do not think that such a distinction was intended by the 
President's order, both regulars and volunteers being component parts of the Army. 
If not so intended, it could not be admitted on the general rule as to command. 

In regard to the other point presented in your letter, I agree with you that the 
commanding officer of a military district can assume no command over the enrolled 
State militia until the same is brought into the service of the L^nited States. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, General in Chief 

[Ibid., pp. 591-593.] 

Headquarters of the Army, 

WasMngton, October 3, 1862. 
His Excellency H. R. Gamble, 

Governor of Missouri, St. Louis. 
Governor: Col. Albert Jackson, of the Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, Missouri 
State Militia, has appealed to the Secretary of War against the order of your excel- 
lency revoking his commission and discharging him from service. This case has 
raised an important question in regard to the authority of the governors of States 
over the parts of the militia of those States which are received into the service of the 

S. Doc. 412 3 



34 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

United States. The whole matter has been duly considered, and I am directed to 
convey to you the views of the Department. 

As stated in my letter to you of the 27th ultimo, it is believed that the Constitution 
has given to Congress the entire "governing" of the State militia while in the service 
of the United States. The control of a State over that part of its militia which enters 
the service of the United States ceases the moment it is must?red into that service. It 
is then governed by the laws of the United States. By these laws and by the Regu- 
lations of the Army, made in pursuance of an act of Congress, the i)ower to try, pun- 
ish, or dismiss an officer of State militia in the service of the United States is vested 
.in the President and in certain officers of the United States. No such power has 
been given to a governor of a State over such troops. The act of Congress regulating 
the government of militia in the service of the United States places them on the same 
footing as to government or command as volunteers. A militia officer in service, 
therefore, can be discharged from the service only by the President or those acting 
under his authority. A State governor can fill the vacancy so created, but he can 
not himself create the vacancy. 

This, I think, will l)e ailmitted to be the general rule under the law. Does the 
authoritv conferred ]>y the President on the governor of Missouri except the militia 
of that State in the service of the United States from the operation of this rule? That 
document says: "It (the militia) is to be held in camps and in the field, drilled. 



During such time as they shall be actually engaged as an emlxxlied force in active 
service, "and they are to be armed, equipped, clothed, subsisted, transported, and 
paid by the United States." 

The War Department is of opinion that the militia of Missouri which have been 
mustered into service under this authority and not disbanded or mustered out by 
direction of the President are in "the service of the United States," and that they 
must be "governed" as prescribed by Congress for militia so in service, except where 
otherwise stipulated in the special authority given to the governor of Missouri. _ It 
is stipulated that the governor is authorized to appoint certain officers of sui'h mili- 
tia; but he is nowhere authorized to try, punish, and discharge or otherwise "gov- 
ern" and "discipline" the officers of the State militia while in the service of the 
United States. This can be done only in the manner prescril)ed, and by the officers 
designated, in the Rules and Articles "of War and in the Regulations of the United 
States Army. 

The Secretary of War has therefore decided that your order discharging Colonel 
Jackson from the service of the United States was given without authority of law. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, General In Lliief. 

[Ibid., pp. 646,647.] 

St. Loris, October 10, 1862. 
Major-General Halleck, 

(jeneral iv CltieJ'. 

General: I have received your letter of the 27th of September, in answer to mine 
of the 22d. I delayed a reply until the receipt of yours of the 3d instant rendered a 
reply necessary. 

I confess that upon reading yours of the 27th Septeml>er ( which has been published 
in the newspapers) I was greatly surprised at its contents. In my letter, to which 
it purports to be an answer, I had spoken of a particular liody of troops raised l)y me 
under an agreement with the President and referring you to the terms of that agree- 
ment. I asked the question whether they were to be regarded as State troops or 
United States troops. I asserted that they were State troops. In your answer you 
proceed to show that militia called into the service of the United States are to be 
ofBcei-ed by the State according to the organizations called for, but maybe com- 
manded by officers of a higher grade or higher oi-ganization Ijelonging to either the 
regular or volunteer service of the United States; that is, if the call upon the State 
be for regiments the State authorities commission the officers of the regiments, l)ut 
the brigade commanders are designated hy the President under the law. The prin- 
ciple you assume would, in its application to a call for militia by brigades, allow the 
State authorities to appoint brigadiers, leaving division commanders to be designated 
by the President. 

You proceed at great length to show the great inconveniences, if not absurdities, 
resulting from anyOther rule for the command of the militia in the service of the 
United States, and, finally, you apply the rule to the particular force about which I 
asked the (]uestion by assuuiing that the force is in the service of the United States. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 35 

The !<ur]n-ise jn'odiiced l)y your reply, ireneral, was not on account of the novelty 
of your positions, ))ut on account of their utter irrelevancy to the (juestion which I 
had sul)mitted to your consideration. I never doul)ted the authority of I'nited 
States generals to c<)nunand regiments of militia called into the service of the United 
States as regiments. My (juestion concerned a special corps of mihtia raised under a 
special agreement witii the Presiilent, in relation to which I sought no other advan- 
tage than tha't the exjjense should be borne by the United States, l)ecause the State 
could not meet it. It was but natural that I should exjiect that my question — whether 
this corps raised under the agreement is a L'nited States force or a State force — should 
be answered by an examination and construction of tiie written agreement. 

That agreement is in the form of a proposal l)y the governor to raise a force of State 
militia for the declared pur]>ose of cooperating with the troops in the service of the 
United States in repelling invasion and suppressing insurrection within the State. 
The purpose of cooperating with troops in the service of the United States clearly 
indicates that the force to be raised is not itself in that service. Moreover, it is stipu- 
lated that the force to be raised "shall be ordered by the governor to cooperate with 
the troops in the service of the United States in military operations." Can it have 
been the understanding of the parties that this force, which was to cooperate with the 
troops in the service of the United States, and was to be <irdered by the governor thus 
to cooperate, was itself to be in the service of the United States? It is impossible to 
believe it. It is provided that in case of such union of the two descriptions of forces 
"the combined force" shall be commanded by the United States officer. Are the 
two forces, thus combined, both in the service of the United States? If so, what is 
the sense of the stipulation? 

The force to be raised by the governor as State milita is " to be held in the camj:) 
and in the field, drilled, disciplined, and governed according to the Army Regula- 
tions and subject to the Articles of War." If the force is to be in the service of the 
United States this is all solemnly expressed nonsense, becau.^e the Regulations and 
Articles of War would be the law for its government without any such stipulation. 
But the clause has meaning and force when we find in the militia ordinance of the 
State the provision "that when the militia shall be called into the actual service of 
the State the officers and men shall be subject to the same Rules and Regulations and 
Articles of War that govern the armies of the United States." 

The document announces to the President the rule by which the contemplated 
force is to be governed, while the government is still to be l^j' the State authorities 
under their own law. 

Again, the instrument provides that the troops to be raised "shall be armed, 
ecpiipped, clothed, sulisisted, transported, and paid by the United States." It is 
suggested that the parties making the agreement knew that troops in the service of 
the United States would be armed, equipped, clothed, jiaid, etc., l)y the United 
States, as a matter of course, without any stipulation to that effect, and that there- 
fore this stipulation was inserted for the reason that the force to l)e raised, being a 
State force, needed this stipulation to be secure in respect to their pay, etc. In other 
wonls, this ]3art of the agreement shows that the parties considered the force a State 
force and not a United States force, and that therefore this was a nece.s.sary provision 
in the contract. 

The provision for paying certain officers on the general State staff by the United 
States, because they were necessary in the relations which this force was to sustain 
to the United States, proves beyond doubt that the force was not to sustain the rela- 
tion to the Government l)orne i)y troops in its service. 

The provision "that because the money to be disbursed was to be money of the 
United States, therefore such staff officers in the service of the United States as may 
be necessary to act as disbursing officers for the State militia shall l)e assigned by the 
War Department for that duty, or, if they can not be spared from their present duty, 
the governor will a])i>oint such persons disbursing officers for the State militia as the 
President may designate," proves beyond doul)t that this was nr)t to be a United 
States force. The President never would have consented to have his disbursing 
officers appointed Ijy the governor. 

The paper when submitted to the President received his approval, but he thought 
it l)est to consult General McClellen before perfecting the agreement. The general 
objected to it, and, being sent for by the President, came to the Executive Mansion, 
where his objection was stated in my presence. The chief objection was that diffi- 
culties might arise from a difference in command, and he stated the mode of avoid- 
ing them l>y the governor making the general of the department the major-general 
of the State militia. This very objection admits the force to be not a United States 
force, l)ut a State force, because if it had been supposed that it was to be a United 
States force it would have been infinitely absurd to stijndate that I should commis- 
sion the United States general of the department the commanding general of this 
force. 



36 MISSOUKI TROOPS— UNIOlsr. 

As my sole design was to raise a force suited by familiarity with the country to 
meet the enemy, then spread over the State, I agreed to General ^IcClellan's pro- 
posed amendment rt'ithout a moment's hesitation. I sought for myself neither power 
nor patronage; and in this connection it may be proper for me to say that I have 
never interfered with the command of these troops. 

There are one or two phrases in the paper which might, by themselves, afford 
countenance to the idea that the force was a United States force — such as the pro- 
vision for governing the force "according to the Regulations of the" Army of the 
United States and subject to the Articles of War," and "they shall be considered as 
disbanded from the service of the United States whenever the President shall so 
direct." A.s to the first of these expressions, I have already remarked that the pro- 
vision for the government of the force by regulations and articles of war w"as words 
without meaning if the proposal is regarded as an offer to raise a force for the United 
States service, because in such case the government would be by such regulations 
and articles as a matter of course. * 

But in a proposal from the governor about State troops it was proper that he 
should assume the obligation to govern them according to the same rule that applied 
to United States troops, particularly when that was the rule provided by the law of 
his own State. Thus the law for their government does not indicate that they were 
to be in the service of the United States. 

The other phrase, "they shall be considered as disbanded from the service of the 
United States whenever the President shall so direct," is only a mode providing for 
ending the obligation of the Government to bear the expense. 

Observe, the language is "they shall be considered as disbanded," not that they 
shall be broken up and scattered, as they would be by actual disbanding, but that, 
so far as the agreement imposes duties upon the United States, the\' are to be con- 
sidered as disbanded. 

They are to be considered as disbanded from the service of the I'nited States when- 
ever the President shall direct. As a force sustained by the State and which nuist 
look to the State for remuneration, they continue their organization; but retaining 
their organization they are te be "considered" as disbanded so far as the United 
States are concerned. This, 1 think, is the whole force of the language here employed. 

I have given you, general, at some length my interpretation of this agreement, and 
I think I can not be mistaken in its meaning, as I certainly am not in the under- 
standing of the parties at the time it was made. 

The question submitted to you. Whether the force is a State force or a United 
States force, never has yet been of any practical importance until you announced in 
your letter of the 3d instant that my order discharging Colonel Jackson from the 
service of the United States was without authority of law. 

If you will take the trouble to refer to the muster rolls of Colonel Jackson's regi- 
ment and the rolls of the other regiments of the State militia, long ago filed in the 
Adjutant-General's office in Washington, you will find that these troops were mus- 
tered into the service of the State and not into the servic-e of the United States; and 
you will find that this Colonel Jackson, himself acting as a mustering officer, actually 
mustered some of the companies of his regiment and mustered them into the service 
of the State of Missouri. 

Not only then by the terms of the agreement, but by the muster made according 
to the general understanding of its meaning, this man, Colonel Jackson, was in the 
service of the State and was properly dismissed by me upon the report of his ijicom- 
petency by an examining Ixiard. The question of my power to remove officers and 
to accept resignations is one of jiractical importance. 

I have removed one colonel because it was reported that he did not fight a band 
of rebels when he might have done so successfully. I removed Colonel Jackson 
because a board reported him to be incompetent. I removed a surgeon because he 
was reported to have abandoned the wounded on the field of battle. I have accepted 
very many resignations, which I could not do if the troops were in the service of the 
United States. 

I have constantly acted upon the belief that they are State troops. Yet I have 
had no personal feeling in the matter, and if to-day it were deemed best to risk dis- 
turbing them in their operations against the enemy by proposing to them to be mus- 
tered into the service of the United States, I have not the slightest objection to their 
being so mustered with their consent. 

In whatever service they now are they have kept the promise I made to the Presi- 
dent when we made the agreement, and in any service which they may enter hereafter 
they will l)e active, gallant soldiers. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. R. Gamble. 

[Ibid., pp. 658-'362.] 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 3/ 

[Unofficial.] 

Washington', October 30, 1862. 
His Excellency Governor (tamble, .S7. Lonh. 

Governor: Your letter of the 10th is just received and will be submitted to the 
Secretary of War for his directions, should he decide to orive it an official ans\ver. 

I writi'this mainly asa personal cxi.lanation. My letterof September 27, in answer 
to yours of the 22d,"was written l)y direction of the Secretary of War and ordered by 
hiiii to be i.u1)lished as a seiieral answei- to claims raised in other States m recrard to 
the command of the nine months' militia, then 1)eing orjianized under the law ot the 
last Cono'ress. It would not have been published, but for this circumstance. 

In regard to the yiews expressed in my letter of the ?A instant, I must contess there 
was some doul)t in my mind in regard to the projier construction to be given to the 
"agreement" referren to. That document seemed to have been drawn up tor the 
purpose of confusing rather than of clearing up this ([uestion of command. It certainly 
looks two ways. It savs distinctly that the troops to be raised under it are to be^in 
the service of the United States, 'and vet in other paragraphs it seems to consider 
them as in the service of the State. 1 should suppose from reading it that it was 
worded expressly to dodge the question and to provide certain expedients to prevent 
its ever coming up, but like most attempts at dodge it only increased the dithculties 
of deciding a question which is coming up all the time and must l)e decided one way 

or the other. ,,, • j i 

The whole matter was thoroughly discussed, the ' ' agreement being read paragrapli 
by paragraph and considered with regard to its legal meaning and effect. The con- 
clusions^arrived at were those which I was directed to communicate to you. Perhaps 
thev are right, and perhaps not. I don't think it will make much difference anyway 
so far as von and I are concerned. I am very certain that it will not, for I know 
that we can cordially cooperate. If left to me, your action will, in all cases, be con- 
firmed, for I know that you will do nothing which is not right and just. 

I owe you many thanks, governor, for your kind courtesies, and am, truly yours, 

H. W. Halleck. 

[IV)id., pp. 703, 704.] 

[Unofficial.] 

St. Louis, November 4, 1S62. 

Major-General Halleck. 

Gener\l: I have just received vour letter of the 30th October, and I am gratified 
to learn that your former letters of the 27th of September and 3d of October were the 
expression of" the opinions of others rather than your own. I say this, general, 
because I thought it impossible that you could mistake the meaning of my agreement 
with the President, particularly when the general order from the War Department 
for the organization of the State militia had over and over again called them "State 
forces ' ' 

But'vou seem to think that the agreement had been designedly made ambiguous 
upon the question of the character of the force. This is a mistake. I drew the 
instrument mvself, and whatever obscurity there may be was introduced by some 
interpolationsmade bv Colonel Scott, Assistant Secretary of War, after the instrument 
as I drew it had been" approved and indorsed by the President. While I was aston- 
ished as an old lawver would naturally be, by what I regarded as an imprudent act 
of a subordinate, I did not object, because the alterations did not affect the scope and 
meaning of the instrument. 

I concur in the opinion that between us there would never arise any dithcuity 

growing out of a difference in our construction of the paper, because I am sure that 

vou will never suspect me of having any concealed purpose of self-aggrandizement. 

Would to God it were possible for those in power to conceive of a man acting from 

perfectly unselfish patriotism. 

* " * . * * * * * 

Very truly, yours, ^ 

■ • H. R. Gamble. 

[Ibid., pp. 735, 736.] 



38 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

The controver.sv between the War Department and the g'overnor of 
Missouri finally reached the Pre.sident, who, on November 29, 1862, 
thus addressed the Attorney-General: 

ExEciTivE Mansion, 
Washington, Xovemher 29, 1862. 
Honorable Attorxey-Gexerai.. 

My Dear Sir: Few things perplex me more than this question between Governor 
Gamble and the War Department as to whether the peculiar force organized by the 
former in Missouri are ' ' State troops " or ' • United States troops. ' ' Now, this is either 
an immaterial or a mischievous question. First, if no more is desired than to have 
it settled what name the force is to be called by, it is immaterial. Secondly, if it is 
desired for more than the fixing a name, it can only be to get a position from which 
to draw ])ractical inferences. Then it is mischievous. Instead of settling one dispute 
by deciding the question, I should merely furnish a nest full of eggs for hatching new 
disputes. I believe the force is not strictly either "State troops" or "United States 
troops." It is of mixed character. I therefore think it is safer, when a practical 
question arises, to decide that question directly and not indirectly by deciding a 
general abstraction supposed to include it and also including a great deal more. 
Without dispute Governor Gamble appoints the ofiicers of this force and fills vacancies 
when they occur. The question now practically in dispute is, Can Governor Gaml^le 
make a vacancy by removing an officer or accepting a resignation? Now, while it is 
proper that this question should be settled, I do not perceive why either Governor 
Gamble or the Government here should care which way it is settled. I am perplexed 
with it only because there seems to be pertinacity aljout it. It seems to me that it 
might be either way without injury to the service, or that the offer of the Secretary 
of War to let Governor Gamble make vacancies and he (the Secretary) to ratify the 
making of them ought to be satisfactory. 

Yours, truly, A. Lincoln. 

[Ibid., pp. 882, 883.] 

No report of the Attorney -General on the question in dispute has 
been found of record, but the question as to the authority to accept 
resignations and dismiss officers was determined by the President him- 
self, in an order from the War Department issued by his direction, 
from his own manuscript. This order was reproduced in a general 
order from the headquarters of the State of Missouri, of which the fol- 
lowing is a cop3': 

General Orders, \ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

\ ■ Ad.jutant-Gexeral's Office, 

No. 1. j St. Louis, Mu., January 6, 1863. 

The following special order, received from the War Department, is published for 
the information of all concerned : 

"Special Orders, \ "War Department, Ad.iutant-Gexeral's Office, 

"No. 416. i ''Washington, December 28, 1862. 

" By direction of the President, it is ordered that His Ex(;ellency Governor Gamble 
may, in his discretion, remove from office all officers of the peculiar military force 
organized by him in ^lissouri (except the major-general, in regard to whom special 
provision is already made), and he may accept resignations tendered by such officers, 
he notifying this Department of each such acceptance, when his action thereon will 
be confirmed, and his previous action in similar cases is hereby confirmed. 
"By order of the Secretary of War: 

"L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 
"Ofticial. 

"E. D. Towxsend, 
' 'Assista)it A djutant- General. ' ' 

The removals from office in the Mi-ssouri State Militia which have been heretofore 
made by the governor are thus relieved from all question, and will accordingly have 
full effect, except in such cases where the governor has revoked the orders of 
removal. 

All resignations and recommendations will be forwarded by commanding officers 
of regiments, Missouri State Militia, through l)rigade and division headquarters to 
the headquarters of the commanding general of the department, whence they will 
be forwarded, wilh his indorsement, to the governor for his action. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 39 

No action will be taken on resignations or appointments which are not transmitted 
in the manner prescribed above. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

WiLLiA.M D. Wood, 
Acting Adjutant- General. 
[J282,;V.S.,1862.] 

The question as to the status of these troops was again raised in 1864, 
when they were applying for the bounties payable by law for enlist- 
ments in the United States service, and it was then decided l)y the 
Secretary of War, concurring- in the opinion of the Solicitor of the 
War Department, that they were "militia of the State of Missouri 
and not a part of the regular or volunteer forces of the United States," 
and therefore not entitled to bounty under their original enlistments. 
The text of the Solicitor's opinion is as follows: 

War Department, 
WaxJthnjion City, March 24, 1864. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, 

Secretary of War. 

Sir: In answer to your inquiry, "what bounty, if any, the Missouri State Militia, 
or recruits for the same, are entitled to, who have been nuistered into the United 
States service for three years, unless sooner discharged (under provisions contained 
in General Orders, No. 96, of 1861, from the Adjutant-(7enerars Office)," I have the 
honor to reply that the forces referred to were a 1:)ody of State militia raised by the 
governor of Missouri, by authority of the general order above referred to, to serve 
during the war, to cooperate with the troops in the service of the United States in 
repelling the invasion of the State of Missouri and in suppressing rebellion therein, 
to be governed by the regulations of the United States Army, subject to the Articles 
of "War, but not to he ordered out of the State of Missouri, except for the immediate 
defense of the said State. 

The general order above referred to further provides: 

"The State forces thus authorized will be, during such time as they shall be actually 
engaged as an embodied military force in active service, armed, equipped, clothed, 
subsisted, transported, and paid by the United States in accordance with the regu- 
lations of the United States Army and such orders as may from time to time be issued 
from the War Department, and in no other manner; and they shall be considered as 
disbanded from the service of the United States whenever the President may direct." 

The jNIissouri State Militia, therefore, were, in the language of the order, "State 
forces," or militia of the State, bound to serve as such during the war, to cooj^erate 
with the troops in the service of the United States in repelling invasion and putting 
down rebellion in their own State, with provision that when such State militia should 
be engaged in active service they were to be armed, ecjuipped, subsisted, and paid 
by the United States, but they were not to be ordei'ed out of the State for general 
service, and they were to be disbanded from the service of the United States (but 
not from the service of the State) whenever the President might so direct. 

They are therefore militia of the State of ^lissouri, and not a part of the regular 
or*volunteer forces of the United States. 

Their right to bounty does not depend upon the degree of merit or efficiency of 
their public services. They are entitled only to what the acts of Congress .secure to 
them. 

This inquiry does not relate to pension^ nor allowances for reenlistments. 

The statute of the United States passed .July 22, 1861, section .5, provides that "any 
volunteer noncommissioned officer, private, musician, and artificer who enters the 
service of the United States under this act shall have" certain pay and allowances; 
"and. in addition thereto, if he shall have served for a period of two years or during 
the war, if sooner ended, the sum of i?100;" and the statute, chapter 24, of 1861, 
section 5, secures to the men enlisted in the regular forces the same bounties as those 
allowed, or to be allowed, to the volunteer forces. 

By statute passed July 22 [5], 1862, chapter 133, section 6, one-quarter part of this 
bounty may be paid immediately after enlistment to every soldier of the regular 
and volunteer forces thereafter'enlisted. 

The statute passed July 17, 1862, chapter 201, section 3, gives to men volunteering 
for nine months a Ijounty of S2.5, to be paid when their company or regiment is mus- 
tered into service, and section 4 of the .same statute authorizes the acceptance of vol- 
unteers for twelve months to fill up regiments of infantry then in the United States 
service; and these recruits, when mustered in, are to be in all respects on the same 



40 MISSOURI TROOPS— UNION. 

footing as similar troops in the United States service, except as to service l>ounty, 
which shall be |>50, one-half to be paid upon their joining their regiments and the 
other half at the expiration of their enlistment. 

In all these enactments there appears to be no pi'ovision for payment of service 
bounty to State militia. The statute passed July 29, 1861, chapter 25, authorizes 
the President of the United States to call into service the militia of the States in cer- 
tain cases, and in section 3 provides that the militia so called into service of the 
United States shall, during their term of service, be entitled to the same pay, rations, 
and allowances for clothing as are or may be established by law for the Army of the 
United States; but no provision is made for payment of any service bounty, and we 
must infer that it was designedly omitted. 

The general order (No. 96) under which the body of Missouri forces referred to 
was raised states that these State forces shall be armed, equipped, clothed, sub- 
sisted, transported, and paid in accordance with the regulations of the Army and 
such orders as may be issued from the War Department, and in no other manner; 
and nothing is said of a service bounty, and no regulation of the Army or special 
order of this Department is known to exist giving to these troops a bounty of that 
description. 

A distinction is clearly made in the statutes between regular and volunteer forces 
enlisted into the service of the United States under the special acts and militia of the 
several States temporarily called into service by the President. 

Thus in the statute passed February 7, 1863, chapter 23 (which gives authority to 
the governor of Kentucky to raise in that State a volunteer force to 1)e employed 
within the limits of Kentucky), the fourth section provides that these troops shall 
be mustered into service and be placed on the same footing as other volunteers in 
the service of the United States as to pay, subsistence, clothing, and other emolu- 
ments, except bounty, for and during the time they may be in actual service. 

It may reasonably "be supposed that Congress intended to give to the militia of 
Kentucky raised under this act as liberal rewards for patriotic services as to the mili- 
tia of Missouri. Neither are entitled to the enlistment bounty or to the service 
bounty under the statutes and general orders above cited. 

I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

William Whiting, 
Solieilor of the War Department. 

War Department, March 31, 1864- 
Approved. 
By order of the Secretary of War: 

Ed. R. S. Canby, 
Brigadier-General and Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III. Vol. IV, pp. 
196-198.] 

Prior to the rendition of the opinion quoted above — that the Mis- 
souri State Militia was a State force and not entitled to the service 
bounty — the question had been raised as to the right of the discharged 
men of the force to reenlist as veterans under the War Department 
orders providing for the enlistment of veteran volunteers, and on Sep- 
tember 15, 1863, the question was decided in the negative, evident!}' 
because by the terms of their enlistment their service was confined to 
a limited locality (A 481, V. S., 1863). But when it was subsequently 
suggested by the governor of the State and the connnanding general 
of the military department that for special reasons the members of the 
force then in service be permitted to reenter the service as veterans, 
the necessary authority was granted. The correspondence on this 
subject is deemed to be of sufficient interest to justify its reproduction 
in full: 

Headqiarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. 'Loui.% Mo., Decembers, 1863. 

Col. E. D. TOWNSEND, 

Assistant Adjutant-General, JVasltinyton, D. C. 
Colonel: I inclose herewith a communication from the governor of Missouri rela- 
tive to the reenlistment of the Missouri State ^Militia as veteran volunteers. I fully 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 41 

concur in all tlie jinveinor says on this sul)jt'ct, and resju'ctfully rcconiniend it to the 
favorable consideratitjn of the AVar Department. 

In drill, discipline, and ellit-iency these trooi)s will compare favorably witli any 
volunteer troops which I have seen. Hence the advantages to result from their 
reenli.stment will be as great as in the case of other troojis. Also their arduous and 
etiicieiit services have merited the same reward as that accorded to others wlio reen- 
list as veterans. In fact, I am aware of no reason why they should not be received 
into the veteran corps, while there is in favor of it the consideration, in addition to 
the general one api)licable to all ti'oojis, that it will do away with this exceptional 
corps by transferring the men comj)()sing it to the general service. This I deem an 
important consideration, and I trust will be so regarded by the Department. 

If this proposition be adopted, I will recommend that the men reenlist in their 
present companies and regiments, the organization remaining unchanged until all 
the old troops shall have had an opportunity to reenlist ]>y the expiration of their 
two years' service. This will take until May next. Then the veterans I'an he con- 
solidated and organized under the best otiicers, if such consolidation be found neces- 
sary, and those who refuse to reenlist can be also consolidated and remain in service 
as militia as long as they may be required. This remainder will doubtless be very 
small and perhaps will not be needed longer in service. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. SCHOFIELD, 

Major- Genera I, Con nnan ding. 
[luclosure.] 

Headquarters State of Missouri, 

Office of Commander in Chief, 

St. Louis, December 7, 1S63. 
Major-General Schofield. 

General: You know the intere.«t which I have always felt in the ^Missouri State 
Militia, a corps of 10,000 men, raised by me under an agreement with the President 
of the United States of the 7th of November, 1861, of which corps you are the major- 
general. The service of this corps was, by agreement, limited to the State of Mis- 
souri, and to its immediate defense. It has now been rendering most laborious and 
efficient service for nearly two years; some of the men having l>een full two years 
enlisted, and by the coming spring most of them will have been two years in service. 
Although this is a local force, yet there never has been a time since it was organized 
when a much larger force of volunteers was not required for the defense of the State, 
so that the Missouri State Militia was engaged in performing precisely the same serv- 
ice that was required of the volunteers. 

In everything, then, that gives value to soldiers in their past experience of military 
life, the State militia stands precisely upon the same footing with volunteers; in drill 
and discipline they are equal to volunteers; in marches and battles they have shown 
themselves equal to any other troops; their ability to endure the fatigue and priva- 
tions of a campaign has been fully tested in their past service. 

The term of service for which these men were enlisted was "during the war in Mis- 
souri," and, in my judgment, that term has very nearly expired. 

I am anxious that the Government shall have the services of these men in its opera- 
tions in other States, because I believe they will be found very efficient in any field 
in which they may be employed. I wish them to be in the general service without 
any territorial limitation, yet I am aware that there is no jjower by which, without 
their consent, their terms of enlistment can l)e changed, and I am further aware that 
any general proposition made to any corps to change their enlistment will not l)e 
universally acceded to. 

I desire, therefore, that such of the men in the JNIissouri State Militia as are willing 
to go into the general service of the United States be reenlisted on the footing of 
veterans, with the bounA- and privileges given to veterans. I believe that this can 
not be allowed to them under existing orders; but I am so profoundly convinced 
that the Government would derive great benefit from the arrangement that I wish 
you to urge upon the authorities at Washington the propriety of issuing orders which 
will authorize the soldiers of this corps to enlist as veterans. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. R, Gamble, Governor of Missouri. 



42 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

[Indorsements.] 

War Depaktment, Adjutant-General's Office/ 

Ih'cemhtr 14, 1863. 
Respectfully submitted to the General in Chief, who has alreadj' decided that the 
Missouri State Militia were not entitled to the benefits of General Orders, No. 191, 
current series, (general Schotield's letter seems to me to give reason for thinking 
that the good of the service might be promoted by adopting his suggestions. 

James B. Fry, 
Provost- Mnrslial-General. 

I respectfully recommend the enlistment of Missouri State Militia into the general 
service of the United States as veterans, without any conditions as to time of reor- 
ganization or place of service. 

December 18, 1863. 

H. W. Halleck, General in Chief. 

War Department, Provost-Marshal-General's Office, 

Deceuiher 22, 1863. 
Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, 

U. S. Volunteers, Command'mg Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 
General: I have respectfully to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 8th 
instant in reference to the reenlistment as veteran volunteers of the Missouri State 
Militia. 

In reply I have to inform you that the permission of the Department is hereby 
given to reenlist the said troops into the volunteer service of the United States, but 
without any conditions as to time of reorganization or place of service. This must be 
distinctly understood. 

The regulations governing the reenlistment of other troops as veterans will be appli- 
cable to the force in question. 

I am, general, very respectfully, etc., 

J. B. Fry, Prorost- Marshal- General. 
[M 2520, V. S., 1863.] 

Under the authority received from the AVar Department a circular 
was issi^ed from headquarters Department of the Missouri, of which 
the following- is a cop\": 

Circular.] Headquarters Department op the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., D&cemher 25, 1863. 

Telegraphic instructions have just been received at these headquarters which 
authorize the reenlistment of the Missouri State Militia as veterans with the under- 
standing that they shall be reorganized on the footing of volunteers in the United 
States service, to be used wherever the Government may have need of their services. 
As the time for payment of the veteran bounty is limited by law to the 5th i^roximo, 
regimental commanders must appoint their recruiting officers for veterans in accord- 
ance with General Orders, No. 150, current series, from these headquarters at once. 

All men of the ^Missouri State Militia reenlisting as veterans will be retained in 
their present regimental and company organizations until the original term of service 
expires, when the veterans will be consolidated under officei'S selected for their effi- 
ciency from the corps. 

By command of ]\Iajor-General Schofield: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

Under date of May 10, ISG-t, the adjutant-general of Missouri was 
advised by the War Department that the State was entitled to credit 
for the men reen listed under the authority of the Department letter of 
December 22; 1863, quoted above, and that the men were entitled to 

"This indorsement was prepared for the signature of an official of the Adjutant- 
General's Office, anil, through an inadvertency, when signed by the Provost-Marshal- 
General, the designation of the office was not changed. 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 43 

the veteran bounties. Following- i.s a coi\v of the "War Department 
letter and its inclosuro: 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

.Uai/ 10, 1S64. 
Brig. Gen. John B. Gray, 

Adjutant-dene fill of Mi-isotiri, St. Lonif. 
General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 5th 
instant relative to credits of men of the Missouri State ^Iilitia reenlisted under the 
authoritv of the War Department Provost-Marshal-General's letter of December 22. 
18G3. 

In reply I am directed to inform you that the State is entitled to credit for the said 
men, and that the men are entitled to the veteran bounties. 

In explanation I respectfully inclose herewith a copy of a letter from the Provost- 
Marshal-General to the Hon. Wm. Hall relative to the same subject. 
I have the honor to remain, 

T. M. Vincent, 
Assistant Adjatant-deneral. 
[M 2520, V. S., 1863.] 

[Iiiflosure.] 

War Department, 
Provost-Maeshal-General's Office, 

Washington, D. C, May 9, 1864. 
Hon. William A. Hal'l, 

Vnited States House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. 
Sir: I have examined the papers you left in relation to the ^Missouri Militia and do 
not find that the cjuestion of reenlistment as veterans is touched by the opinion of 
the Solicitor of the War Department. On the contrary, I find in the opinion the fol- 
lowing: " This inquiry does not relate to pensions nor allowances for reenlistment." 
The question presented by the papers you left seems to be one connected with a claim 
for bounty for past services, and does not affect my letter of December 22 permitting 
the reenlistment of these men as veterans. In this view of the case I return the 
papers to you for such further action upon the claim for bounty as you may find best. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

James B. Fry, 
P}'ovost-Marsh<d-GeneraJ. 
[\y 1178, V. S., 1864.] 

In a lettei' from the War Department, dated June 10, 1864, Major- 
General Ro,secran.s, then commanding- the Department of the Missouri, 
was authorized to collect the veteran volunteers I'eenlisted from the 
Missouri State Militia and form them into a I'egiment or battalion, and 
in the same letter authoritv was granted for the reenlistment of such 
other members of the force as might desire to enlist for unconditional 
service, the recruits so enlisted to be formed into companies and regi- 
ments. Under this authority several regiments were org-anized for the 
volunteer service. 

In January, 1865, it w^as decided by the War Department that, though 
"mustered in for during- the war,'' the Missouri State Militia should 
be held to service for three years only. This decision was convej^ed 
in a letter, of which the following is a copy: 

"War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

January 5, 1865. 
Col. B. L. E. Bonneville, 

Commissary of 3fu.it ers, Departtnent of Missouri, Be)iton Barracks, Mo. 
Sir: I have respectfully to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 
22d ultimo, transmitting list of regiments Missouri State Militia (received into service 
under General Orders, Xo. 96, War Department, series of 1861) mustered in for dur- 
ing the war, but who claim discharge after three years' service. 

In reply 1 am directed to inform you that the said troops were mustered in for 
during the war, but it is decided by" the Department that they will be held for three 



44 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. 

years only, and their muster out will be governed accordingly, under the same regu- 
lations as are applied to the muster out and discharge of other troops from the serv- 
ice of the United States. 

T. M. Vincent, 
Assistant Ad'pitnnt-General. 
[Letters-Sent Book, Vol. 11, pp. 367,368.] 

The final order issued by the War Department relative to the muster 
out of the Missouri State Militia was dated June iJ8, 1865, and is as 
follows: 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

Washington, June 23, 1865. 
Maj. Gen. G. M. DoixiE, 

St. Louis, Mo.: 
The Secretary of War directs that all troops 1 )elonging to the Missouri State ^lilitia, 
authorized by General Orders, No. 96, of 1S61, and yet remaining in service, be 
immediately discharged. 

The musters out will be made under the regulations promulgated in General 
Orders, No. 94, current series, from this office. 

Thomas M. Vincent, 

A.ssistant Adjutant- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. V, p. 59.] 

That the Missouri State Militia rendered valuable service to the 
United States and to the State of Missouri, both within the limits of 
the State and beyond its borders, there is abundant evidence. In his 
report (not dated) of operations in Missouri and northwestern Arkansas 
from April 1(» to November 20, 1862, General Scholield stated with 
reference to this force: 

The troops were placed upon active duty in the field in conjunction with the 
United States troops as fast as organized in com]:)anies, without waiting for regimental 
or battalion organizations. In this, the best of all schools for instruction, a degree 
of efficiency was acquired seldom equaled by new troops in so short a time. By 
April 15, 1862, an active, efficient force of 13,800 men was placed in the field. 
* * * As rapidly as this force was placed in the field a corresponding number of 
United States troops was relieved and sent to join the armies then operating in the 
more southern States. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 8.] 

And in a letter heretofore quoted in this paper General Scholield 
again bore testimony to the gallantry and efficiency of these troops, 
stating that "'in drill, discipline, and efficiency"' they would compare 
favorably with any yolunteer troops he had seen. 

Similar testimony was given by the governor of the State in a letter, 
also quoted in this paper, in which he stated that " in drill and efficiency 
they are equal to volunteers; in marches and l)attles they haye shown 
themselves equal to any other troops." 

Testimony as to their good character was also given by the adjutant- 
general of the State in his annual report of 1863 (p. 50), in which he 
said: 

It can be said with truth that in every instance where the Missouri State INIilitia 
have met the enemy they have fought like veterans. At no time have they dis- 
graced their State, and whenever they have been called upon to go beyond its bor- 
ders they have done so reatlily and eagerly, more especially if the prospect of a fight 
was immediate, as, for example, one instance may l>e noted, where the Sixth Cavalry 
Missouri State Militia, Colonel Catherwood commanding, with a portion of the 
Eighth, during the past summer marched to Fort Gibson to join General Blunt, and, 
crossing the Arkansas River, pursued the rebels to Red River, Arkansas, when it 
returned with him to Fort Smith and thence to Springfield, making a forced march, 
with scarcely any supplies, of 700 miles. Even now some of its companies are on 
duty at some of the uKist remote outposts of the Kansas frontier. But as a general 



MISSOTKI STATE MILITIA. 45 

tliiiijr tlie Mifssoiiri Statr Militia liavt' I'duml wmk enoujrh to do witliin tlie liiiunilari(;'.s 
which the terms of their eiilistiiieiit i>rescribeil. Since their formation there has 
been no tight or skirmish of any ini))ortan('e in which they have not i)articipated. 
The lights of Kirksville. >h)ore's ]Mill, Lone Jack, Sj)rin<rliel<l, Ihirtville, Cape 
Giranlean, and scores of others in which they iiave been engage(l liear witness to 
their bravery and endurance. In the late raid made by the reliel Shelby into this 
State, almost the only troo])s that could come up with him, and which finally routed 
him and drove him from our holders, were the class of which I am now writing. To 
give even a condensed report of all their movements and actions would recpiire more 
time than I have now at my disposal. 

And in his report of ls»;4 the State adjutant-general said (p. 28): 

The operations of this fori'e during the past year have been mainly confined to 
the hmits of the State, although portions thereof have been occasionally employed 
in expeditions beyond its southern and western Vmrders. 

Dvuing the most of the time its regiments have been, each of them, widely scat- 
tered, frec[uently with not more than a single company at any one point. The great 
extent of country which was, necessarily, to be jirotected by military occupation 
has compelled suc-h a disposition, and it was not until the raid of the reljel forces 
under Price transpired, during the past autumn, that anything like a general concen- 
tration of regiments could be perfected. During that raid some seven of the ten 
regiments were brought together and rendered eminent service, when thus concen- 
trated, in expelling an invasion which was so boastingly commenced and so inglori- 
ously ended. 

By a resolution of Cono-ress, approved July 13, 1868, the Missouri 
State Militia was placed on ""an equal footing- with the volunteers as 
to bounties." The text of this resolution is as follows: 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Vnlted States of America in 
Congress assembled, That the troops recognized in an act entitled "An act making 
appropriations for comj)leting the defenses of Washington, and for other purposes," 
approved February thirteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, be, and are hereby, 
considered as placed on an equal footing with the volunteers as to bounties, and that 
all laws relating to bounties be applicable to them as to other volunteers. 

Approved, July 13, 1868. 

[15 Stat. L., p. 256.] 

A pensionable status under the general law was given to the surviv- 
ing officers and enlisted men of the Missouri State Militia and the 
heirs of those deceased by a provision of section 8 of the act approved 
March 3, 1873, entitled ''An act to revise, consolidate, and amend the 
laws relating to pensions."" The clause referred to reads as follows: 

Sec. 8. * * * That the provisions of this act are hereby extended to and 
made to embrace the officers and privates of the Missouri State Militia, * * * 
disabled by reason of injury received or disease contracted in the line of duty while 
such militia was cooperating with United States forces, and the widow or children 
of any such person dying of injury t-eceived or disease contracted under the circum- 
stances herein set forth shall be entitled to the benefits of this act: Provided, That 
the pensions on account of such militia shall not commence prior to the date of the 
passage of this act. That the provisions of this section shall be so interpreted as 
to apply to the widows, child, or children of officers and privates of the Missouri 
State Militia * * * if the husband or father was wounded or contracted the 
disease of which he died while in the service of the Government of the United 
States. 

* * * * * * * 

Approved, March 3, 1873. 

[17 Stat. L., pp. 569, 570.] 

The provisions of the pension act of June 27, 181>0. were subse- 
quently extended to the members of the Missoui'i State Militia and 
their representatives. This was done by a joint resolution approved 
February 15, 1895, entitled "Joint resolution to restore the status of 



46 MISSOURI TROOPS — uisrioN. 

the Missouri Militia who served during- the late war." Following is 
a copy of so much of the resolution as relates to the Missouri State 
Militia: 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in. 
Congress assembled, That the provisions of the act of June twenty-seventh, eighteen 
hundred and ninety, be, and are hereby, extended to inrlnde the officers and pri- 
vates of the Missouri State Militia * * * who served ninety days during the late 
war of the rebellion and were honorably discharged, and to the widows and minor 
children of such persons. The provisions of this act shall include all such persons 
now on the pension rolls or who may hereafter apply to Ije admitted thereto. 

Approved, February 15, 1895. 

[28 Stat. L., p. 970.] 

In considering the status of the Missouri State Militia it is to be 
borne in mind that in the order of the War Department (General Orders, 
No. H6, of 1861) authorizing their employment they are referred to as 
a '"force of State militia'' organized "to cooperate with the troops 
in the service of the United States'' in a limited field of service: that 
they were mustered into the service of the State of Missouri by State 
officers; that the oath administered to them at the time of muster in 
was that they should ''honestl}" and faithfully serve the State of 
Missouri;" that the President and the War Department conceded to 
the governor of the State the right to accept resignations and remove 
officers; that it was determined 1)}' the Secretary of War, concurring 
in the opinion of the Solicitor of the War Department, that they were 
"militia of the State of Missouri and not a part of the regular or 
volunteer forces of the United States,"" and, therefore, not entitled to 
the service liounty, and that special legislation by Congress was neces- 
sary to give to the members of the force the bounties and pensions 
payable to volunteers in the military service of the United States. 

But it is also to be considered that the act of February 13, 1862, by 
implication, recognized the Missouri State Militia as being then in the 
military service of the United States; that until December, 1862, when 
the President recognized the authority of the governor to remove offi- 
cers, it was uniformly held by the War Department that this militia 
force was in the United States service; that the War Department 
authorized the enlistment of members of the force as veteran volun- 
teers, a privilege generally extended only to those who had served the 
United States; that after the ruling of 1864 that the Missouri State 
Militia was not a part of the regular or volunteer forces of the United 
States the War Department exercised the authority to determine when 
their service should terminate, and directed that they should be mus- 
tered out under the same regulations that were applied to the "muster 
out and discharge of other troops from the service of the United 
States." And in this connection it is to ])e stated that on January 30, 
1865, the Provost-Marshal-Cleneral. in a letter authorizing the governor 
of Missouri to organize additional regiments for the volunteer service, 
excluded from enlistment in the new regiments members of the "]Mis- 
souri State Militia or other troops already in the service of the United 
States;" that the Missouri State Militia were, in fact, mustered out of 
service by United States officers, and that their muster-out rolls report 
them as having been mustered out of the United States service; that 
the rolls of the several organizations were received and tiled in the War 
Department like those of volunteers in the United States service; that 
these rolls were always reported from l)y the Adjutant-Generars Office 



MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. 47 

to the accounting- officer.s of the (irovcrnmeiU precisely in tlie form and 
manner observed in the prepai'ation of reports from the rolls of troops 
reoularly mustered into the Tnited States military service: that the 
remuster and desertion laws applicable to othcers and enlisted men in 
the military service of the United States and the i^ct providing for the 
furnishino- of certihcates in lieu of lost discharges were applied to the 
Missouri State Militia ])recis(dy as if that force had l)een regularly in 
the military service of the United States, and, finally, that the practice 
of the Adjiitant-Generars Otiice with respect to these troops has been 
continued by the Record and Pension Office, its propriety not having 
been called in question. 

It is evident from the foregoing that the peculiar military force 
knowm as the Missouri State Militia was not technically in the military 
service of the United States, and the practice inaugurated in the 
Adjutant-General's Office of treating it as a volunteer force in that" 
service is doul)tless open fro criticism, but it is to be stated that the 
reports furnished from the rolls contained the information required in 
the adjudication of claims arising under the special legislation provid- 
ing for the payment of bounties and pensions, and that the application 
of the remuster and other laws applicable to the volunteer forces has 
an equitable, if not a strictly legal foundation. However, regardless 
of the propriety of the action of the War Department with regard to 
this force, it would seem that it is now, after the lapse of more than a 
third of a century, too late to change the existing practice, and the 
Missouri State Militia has therefore been scheduled in this paper among 
the troops recognized as having been in the military service of the 
United States. 

As already stated in this paper, the " Missouri State Militia,'' which 
originally aggregated 13,()0») men, was reduced b}' special authority of 
Congress to a maximum of 10. ()()(>. The force as originally organized 
included 14 regiments. .3 battalions, and 1 independent company of 
cavalry, 2 batteries of light artillery, 1 regiment of infantry, and 1 
company of sappers and miners. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 



ORGANIZATION, STRENGTH, DISBANDMENT. 

During' the early summer of 1862 a movement was set on foot by 
the enemies of the Government having for its object the systematic 
organization of guerrilla bands throughout the State of Missouri. 
This movement became so formida))le that it was determined by the 
•State authorities to take stringent measures for the suppression of 
existing disorders. Accordingly Brig. Gen. John M. Schotield, the 
commander of the Missouri State Militia and also the United States 
military commander of the District of Missouri, was authorized to 
organize the entire militia force of the State for the purpose of 
putting down marauders and defending the peaceable citizens of the 
State. This was done in orders from State headquarters, of which 
the following is a copy: 

Special Orders, 1 Headquarters State of Missouri, 

y Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 101. j St. Louis, Juhj 22, 1862. 

The existence of numerous bands of guerrillas in different parts of the State, who 
are engaged in robl)ing and murdering peaceable citizens for no other cause than 
that such citizens are loyal to the Government under which they have always lived, 
renders it necessary that the most stringent measures be adopted to punish all such 
crimes and to destroy such bands. 

Brig. Gen. John M. Schofield, in command of the Missouri State Militia, is hereby 
authorized to organize the entire militia of the State into companies, regiments, and 
brigades, and to order into active service such portions of the force thus organized 
as he may judge necessary for the purpose of putting down all marauders and 
defending the peaceable citizens of tlie State. 

H. R. Gamble, 
Governor of tlie State of Missouri. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 19.] 

On the same day, July 22, 1862, pursuant to the authority thus con- 
ferred upon him, General Scholield issued the following: 

General Orders, ) Headquarters ^Missouri State Militia, 

No. 19. / St. Louis, Mo., July 22, 1862. 

An imm'ediate organization of all the militia of Missouri is hereby ordered, for the 
purpose of exterminating the guerrillas that infest our State. 

Every able-bodied man capable of bearing arms and subject to military duty is 
hereby ordered to repair, without delay, to the nearest military post and report for 
duty to the commanding otficer. Every man will bring with him vvhatever arms he 
may have or can procure, and a good horse if he has one. 

AH arms and ammunition of whatever kind and wherever found, not in the hands 
of the loyal militia, will be taken possession of l)y the latter and used for the public 
defense. Those who have no arms and can not procure them in the above manner 
will be supplied as quickly as possible by the ordnance department. 

The militiamen who shall assemble at any post will be inunediately enrolled and 
organized into companies, elect their ofhcers, and be sworn into service, in accord- 
ance with the militia laws of the State, under the immediate superintendence of the 
commanding officer of the post. 

The militia thus organized will be governed by the Articles of War and Army Regu- 
lations, and will be sul)ject to do <hity under the orders of the commanding officers 

48 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 49 

of the post where they enrolled, or such other officers of the United States troops or 
Missouri Militia, regularly inu.«tered into service, as may be assigned to their command. 

Commanding officers: will rejwrt from day to day, l)y telegrai)h when practicable, 
the progress of enrollment at their [)osts and the numlier of arms recpiired. 

Six days after the date of this order are allowed for every man fit for military duty 
to report to the commanding officer of the nearest military post and be enrollerl. 
All persons so enrolled will be regarded as belonging to the active militia of the State 
until further orders. 

The commanding officer of a post, or any higher commander, is authorized to give 
furloughs to such men of this militia force as can not 'oe absent from their ordinary 
business without serious detriment or such as are not needed for present service. 
Such leaves of absence will in n(i case be for a longer period than ten days, and may 
be revoked at any time or renewed at their expiration at the discretion of the otficer 
granting them. 

The same strict discipline and obedience to orders will be enforced among the 
militia in service under this order as among other troops, and commanding officers 
will be held strictly responsible for all unauthorized acts of the men. 

The enrollment and organization of the militia of St. Louis will be under the gen- 
eral direction of Col. Lewis 3Ierrill, commanding St. Louis Division, who will estal)- 
lish rendezvous, appoint enrolling officers, and make such regulations as he shall 
deem necessary. 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofleld: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant A djutant- General. 

[Ofiicial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 506.] 

On the 2-ith of July an order was is.sued by General Schotield pro- 
viding- for the organization into .se]xirate corps of the employees of the 
United States, State and city goveriniients, and of railroad and trans- 
portation companies and other corporations. Following is a cop}' of 
the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 20. i St. Louis, Mo., July 34, 186:'. 

All persons in the employ of the United States, State, or city governments will be 
enrolled and organized by the chiefs of their respective departments, and will act 
under the orders of their respective chiefs. 

All railroad and transportation companies, and other corporations employing large 
numbers of men, will organize their employees into distinct corps, under their 
respective chiefs. The chiefs of such comi^anies, corporations, and departments of 
government not now in the military service of the State or of the United States will 
report to an authorized enrolling officer and lie themselves sworn into service, when 
they will proceed to enroll and organize the men under their control. 

All voluntary organizations of the loyal militia which may be perfected before the 
expiration of the time specified for enrollment in (General Orders, Xo. 19, and pre- 
sent their muster rolls to the superintendent of enrollment in St. Louis or the nearest 
enrolling officer will be recognized and received as such. 

It is desirable that such voluntary organizations shall, as far as possible, embrace 
all the men subject to militia duty Ijelonging to the same Ijusiness firms located in 
close proximity to each other, so that a certain portion of the members of such 
organizations may be called into active service at any time without interrupting their 
ordinary business. 

Bv order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. \\. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid., pp. 508,509.] 

In conformity with this order, special orders w^ere issued by Col, 
Lewis Merrill, commanding the St. Louis Division, for the organiza- 
tion of the employees of certain transfer, express, and railroad com- 
panies, as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters St. Louis Division, 

No. 48. j St. Louis, Mo., July U, 186 J. 

The officers and employees of the St. Louis Transfer Company and of the Adams, 
American, and United States express companies will be enrolled in a special trans- 

S. Doc. 412 4 



50 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

portation corps under the direction of the superintendent of the transfer company 
as enrolling otlicer, and will for the present be organized in the same manner as an 
infantry battalion of four comjjanies. 

The enrolling officer will rei)ort for further orders to Capt. R. A. Howard, superin- 
tendent of enrollment. 

II. The officers and employees of the North Missouri Railroad, the Pacific Rail- 
road, and the Iron Mountain Railroad will be enrolled and organized into special 
corp.s railroad guards under the direction, in each case, of the superintendent of the 
road as enrolling officer. The enrolling officer will report to Capt. R. A. Howard 
for further orders. 

******* 

By order of Col. Lewis Merrill: 

Hakrisox a. Gleim, 
Lieutenant and Acting Assistant AtJjiifant-GeneraJ. 

[Book No. 441, Department of tln^ Missouri, p. 173.] 

On July 21, 1802, a sreneral order was issued by General Schotield 
announcing- the exemption from enrollment of the su])jects of foreign 
powers resident in the State of Missouri. This order reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 21. i St. Lonis, Jtihj 34, 1S62. 

I. The subjects of foreign powers resident in the State of Missouri, lawfully pur- 
' suing their avocations, are exempt from enrollment in the militia of the State, as 

required by Orders, No. 19. Upon such persons, however, enjoying the protection 
of life and property and civil rights afforded by the laws, the obligation of a strict 
and impartial neutrality will be strongly enforced. While maintaining .such neu- 
trality the fullest protection will be accorded, but any departure from the same by 
taking up arms, by conveying information, or in any manner, by woril or deed, aiding 
or abetting the enemies of the State or United States or encouraging them in rebellion, 
will place the offender without the protection accorded to him as a subject of a for- 
eign power, and expose him to all the penalties visited upon the enemies of the State 
or United States. 

II. In order that such protection may be afforded to foreigners resident in the 
State as they may be entitled to by the laws of nations and under the treaties between 
the United States and friendly powers, it is ordered that at each military post an 
enrollment be made of all such persons as claim to be thus exempt from duty. Such 
enrollment shall be preceded [by a statement] that the parties whose names are 
subscribed are subjects of a foreign power, specifying what powei-; that they liave 
never become naturalized citizens under the laws of the United States for that pur- 
pose; that they have never at any time while resident of this State or of the United 
States exercised any of the rights, privileges, and immunities accorded by law only 
to citizens; that they have heretofore preserved, and will hereafter during the pres- 
ent rebellion and while they shall continue to reside within the limits of the United 
States preserve, a strict and impartial neutrality, and will not give aid, information, 
or comfort to the enemy. Such enrollment will contain the signature of the party 
claiming exemption, his age, period of residence in this State and in the United 
States. 

III. Any citizen of the United States resident in this State who shall make a false 
and fraudulent statement or claim to exemption under this order will be arrested 
and subjected to trial and punishment by military commission. 

IV. Commandants of posts will designate some loyal militiamen to take charge of 
the enrollment herein ordered, and such enrollment, when completed, will be for- 
warded to division headquarters to be filed. All persons claiming exemption will 
report to such enrolling officer within six days after published notice of the time and 
place where such enrollment will be made. 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Asmtant Adjutant- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series T, Vol. XIII, p. 509.] 

Under date of July 27, 1862, General Schotield pronuilgated an order 
declaring the oljject of the organization and modifying the mode of 
enrollment. Following is a copy of the order: 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 51 

Gexekal Orders, "I Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

Xo. 22. / 'S'<- Louia, July 27, 1862. 

It being niauifest that the object of the enrolhnent of the ISIissonri INIiUtia pre- 
scribed by General Order;^, No. 19, July 22, 18(32, has been nii8re])resented l>y the 
enemies of law and order, and conseqnently is .iijenerally misunderstood, it is hereby 
declared that the ()l)ject of such organization is solely to organize law-abiding people 
of the State capable of ))earing arms in such complete and thorough manner as to 
enable them at once and forever to put down robbery, plunder, and guerrilla war- 
fare, which it is plainly the dutv and interest of every citizen to aid in doing. 

To the end that this' object may l)e accomplished and all possi]>le ground for mis- 
apprehension be removed, the mode of enrollment will hereafter be as follows: 

The militiamen of the various counties will assemble at the nearest military post, 
the countv seat, or other convenient place, and organize themselves into companies 
and elect their ofhcers. As soon as a company shall be organized a copy of the roll 
and a return of the election, duly certified, will be sent to the headquarters of the 
division in which the county is situated. At the same time a report of the arins and 
ammunition on hand will be furnished to the connnanding officer of the division. 

A copy of the certificate of election will be forwarded by the division commanders 
to these headquarters, in order that the oflicers may be commissioned and thus duly 
authorized to act when any emergency shall render their services necessary. 

The time for enrollment, as prescril)ed in General Orders, No. 19, is extended to 
the 10th of August proximo, in order that ample time may be given in which to com- 
plete the voluntary organization of all citizens who are willing to do their duty in . 
maintaining law and order. 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofleld: 
■ C. AV. Marsh, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., p. 516.] 

On the following- da}' General Schotiokl published additional rej^ula- 
tions relative to the organization and equipment of the militia, and pro- 
viding for exemption from personal service by the paj'ment of money 
in lieu thereof, the fund accruing from this source to be applied to 
the payment of extra expenses in the recruitment of volunteers for the 
general (United States) service and in defraying the expenses of the 
militia force itself. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No. 23. i 'S'<. Loais, .Tuly 28, 1862. 

All persons who prefer to contriljute money rather than personal service in the 
Enrolled Militia can procure exemption from military duty for one year by enrolling 
their names and paying an exemption fee into the military treasury of the State or 
of the county in which they reside, at the option of the individual. 

The money paid into the State treasury will be used in paying extra bounty and 
other extra expenses incurred in raising volunteers for the United States service, and 
will be expended under the orders of the governor. That paid into the various 
county treasuries will be used in defraying the expenses of the State militia when 
in active service or in camps of instruction, and will be disbursed imder the orders 
of the governor. 

The exemption fee will be $10 for each individual and one-tenth of 1 per cent 
upon all taxable property, as shown by the last assessment. The exemption fee may 
be paid in money or in supplies for the support of the militia when in active service. 

It is expected "that all persons of means, though legally exempt from military serv- 
ice, will voluntarily contribute in projiortion to their ability to one of these funds, and 
thus enroll themse'lves among the loyal and willing supporters of law and order. 

All persons not exempt from military service by law, by general orders, or by 
payment of exemption fee will be enrolled and organized into companies, regiments, 
and brigades. 

The organization prescribed by law will be so far modified that each company shall 
contain of each grade three times the number prescribed by law. 

On these numbers any proportion not to exceed one-third may be exempt from 
service for one vear by "the payment of the usual exemption fee into the company 
treasury. The "fund thus fornied will constitute a company fund, to be expended 
under the orders of the council of administration in defraying the expenses incident 
to the organization, instruction, equipment, etc., of the company when not in active 



52 , MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

service, and, if need be, to meet the necessities arising from any sudden and unex- 
pected call for active service. 

That portion of each company not exempt by payment of company fee will be 
divided into two equal parts, one of which will at all times be ready for active 
service. 

Those at any time ready for active service will be called the first class. Those 
exempt for the time being only will be called the second class, and those exempt at 
all times the third class. 

The senior captain of the company will be captain of the third class and ex-officio 
treasurer of the company. The members of the first and second class, respectively, 
in each grade will at first be determined by lot, after which they will alternate 
monthly at the end of each month. 

A member of the first class may at any time be transferred to the second class by 
obtaining a substitute from the latter. 

The field and staff officers of a regiment will also be three of each grade, having 
corresponding positions in command of the three classes. 

When companies are organized into regiments, 10 per cent, of each company fund 
will be paid into the regimental fund for the payment of expenses incidental to a 
regimental organization. 

The senior quartermaster of the regiment will be regimental treasurer, and will 
disburse the regimental fund only on the orders of the commanding officer of the 
regiment. 

Each company will be furnished with arms only sufficient to arm the first class, 
and the company will provide itself with a suitable armory and place for drill, where 
it will be drilled daily, at least three hours, at such times of day as may be most 
convenient. At the end of the month the arms and drill-room will be transferred to 
the second class, now become the first, who will in like manner drill daily at stated 
hours and be at all times ready for active service during the month. 

Arms and equipments will not be taken from the armory except for service. When 
the men are off duty, the arms and equipments will be carefully stored away in the 
armory, which will at all times be suitably guarded. 

Military treasurers of the State and counties will be appointed by the governor. 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., pp. 518,519.] 

A few days later, on August 4, 1862, General Orders. No. 23, were 
revoked and new regulations adopted. This was done in General 
Orders, No. 24, of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Militia, 

No, 24. J St. Louis, August 4, 1862. 

General Orders, No. 23, from these headquarters, dated July 28, 1862, is hereby 
revoked. 

All the loyal men of Missouri subject to military duty will be organized into com- 
panies, regiments, and brigades, as ordered in General Orders, No. 19, from these 
headquarters, dated July 22, 1862. 

All disloyal men and those who have at any time sympathized with the rebellion 
are required to report at the nearest military post or other enrolling station, be 
enrolled, surrender their arms, and return to their homes or ordinary places of busi- 
ness, where they will be permitted to remain so long as they shall continue quietly 
attending to their ordinary and legitimate business and in no way give aid or com- 
fort to the enemy. Disloyal persons or sympathizers with the rebellion will not be 
organized into companies nor required nor permitted to do duty in the ^Missouri 
Militia. 

Commanding officers of divisions will appoint enrolling officers and establish ren- 
dezvous at such places, in addition to the various military posts, as they may deem 
expedient. 

As far as practicable, the militia of each county will be organized separately, each 
company being composed of men residing in the immediate vicinity of each other. 
The onlv exceptions will be the voluntarv organizations authorized bv General 
Orders, No. 20. 

The officers and employees of all railroad and transportation companies will be 
organized into distinct corps, and will be employed as militia only in transporting 
troops and public property and in protecting their means of transpi)rtation. 

Militiamen employed in any manner by the United States or State of Missouri, 



ENEOLLED MISSOUEI MILITIA. 



53 



or engaged in working upon contracts made with the United States or State of ^Slis- 
sonri, for the sup]:)ly of any article required for the mihtary or naval service, will 
not, while so employed, be rec[uired to do any military duty except for the protec- 
tion, in case of necessity, of the public property where they are employed. 

Division commanders are autiiorized to call into active service, for the time being, 
such companies and regiments of the organized militia in their divisions as the exi- 
gencies of the service may require, and to provide for their maintenance while in 
active service. But no company will be kept continuously in active service for more 
than thirty days, except by orders from these headquarters or in cases of urgent 
necessity. It must be borne in mind that the main object of a general organization 
of the militia is for the protection of their homes, and tiiat they are to be kept from 
their ordinary business as little as possible. 

In calling the militia into active service care will be taken to leave sufficient force 
to protect the homes of those called out and to distribute the services as uniformly as 
possil)le. 

Every company of militia will have its place of rendezvous, which should be at 
a military post, if one is convenient; if not, then at a convenient town or general 
place of resort. 

The arms and equipments will be kept at the rendezvous, and always properly 
guarded by detail from the company. 

In case of alarm companies will be rallied at the rendezvous and act under their 
immediate commanders, as circumstances may require, for the protection of their 
immediate vicinity. 

In dangerous localities several companies or a regiment will have their rendezvous 
at the same place, and will keep it guarded by a company or more, as circumstances 
may require. 

On the 11th day of August, instant, each enrolling officer will proceed to ascertain 
and enroll the names of all men in his enrolling district who shall have failed to 
come forward and be enrolled as required, and report the same to the district com- 
mander. 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. INIarsh, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., pp. 534, 535.] 

The lo3'al men of the State responded promptly to the call of the 
governor, and within thirty days more than 20 regiments were formed 
in the city and county of St. Louis alone, numbering upward of 17,000 
men, and at the close of the year 1S62, 69 regimental, 3 battalion, and 
58 independent company organizations had been formed, embracing an 
aggregate strength of 52,056 officers and enlisted men. 

The total strength of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, as finally organ- 
ized, has not been discovered, but it has been ascertained from official 
sources of information that 85 regiments, 16 battalions, and 33 inde- 
pendent companies were formed, not including some organizations of 
Citizen Guards which had the status of Enrolled Missouri Militia, but 
which will be treated in this paper under their appropriate designations. 

The following statement of the Enrolled Missouri Militia in active 
service in 1864 is copied from the report of the adjutant-general of the 
State for that year (p. 38) : 



Districts. 


Aggre- 


First. 


Second. 


Third. 


Fourth. 


Fifth. 


Seventh. 


Eighth. 


gate. 


Januarv 






1,799 
1,744 
1,235 

870 




898 
877 




2.697 


February 








2, 621 


March 








1,235 


April 












870 


May 








339 

936 

1,698 




339 


June 








1.339 
i;774 
2; 142 


45' 

45 




2,275 


July 






3, 517 


August 






1,475 
1,306 
4, 495 
3,231 


3,662 


September 









1,306 


October 7,810 


2, 329 
.590 
184 


2,606 


2,399 


374 
644 

438 


4,151 
474 


24, 164 
4,939 


December 




248 


870 













54 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

It is probable that the foregoing statement includes the organizations 
of Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia hereafter to be referred to. 

It may be here stated that in November, 1862, an order was issued 
from State headquarters declaring a penalty, including a tine of $10, 
for failure to enroll for service in the militia. Following is a copy of 
the order: 

Genekal Okdees, 1 Headquarters State of Missouri, 

> Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 48. j St. Louis, November 7, 1863. 

******* 

II. Any person who lias been notified to enroll and fails to comply with the order 
within the time specified by the brigadier-general commanding the district shall be 
subject to a fine of $10, to be assessed by the colonel of the regiment to which such 
person should belong, subject, however, to the revision of the general commanding; 
and such offender shall be further liable to imprisonment until his fine is paid and 
he duly enrolled. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Wm. D. Wood, 
Acting Adjutant-General, Missouri. 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 214.] 

Early in Februar}^, 1863, to quote the annual report of the adjutant- 
general of the State for that year (p. 27), ''it became evident that 
the crisis which called for the general arming of the people of the 
State had measurably passed away in consequence of the successes 
which had attended their etiorts all over the State," and it was decided 
by the governor to begin the organization in the various military dis- 
tricts of a '"picked force of men, to be detailed from the different 
regiments for a more permanent service, and to consist of those who 
could the most easily be spared from their ordinary avocations, hav- 
ing but few if any others dependent upon their la1)or for support." 
The regiments organized under this plan were designated "provisional 
regiments," and have a history of their own, which will be given under 
the title, Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia. 

It became evident to the State authorities that there was danger that 
the "rebel sympathizers" in some portions of the State woidd form 
themselves into companies (Report of Adjutant-General of Missouri, 
1863, p. 29), and to prevent this the following order was issued: 

General Orders, ~| Headquarters State of Missouri, 

[■ Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 7. J St. Louis, February 19, 1863. 

The orders heretofore issued for the enrollment of the militia of this State did not 
contemplate the enrolling of disloyal persons and their organization into companies 
indiscriminately with loyal citizens. It was specially required that all disloyal men 
should be enrolled as such, but their organization into companies was strictly for- 
bidden. Some enrolling officers, however, allowed disloyal organizations to be per- 
fected, either through neglect or disobedience of orders, and others are still in 
progress of organization. 

For the purpose, therefore, of separating disloyalists from Union men, and in order 
that proper measures of precaution may lie taken to prevent the arming of such as 
can not be trusted, it is hereby ordered that all commandants of regiments and bat- 
talions of enrolled militia report to the adjutant-general of the State, immediately 
on the receipt of this order, such companies of their commands of which all or any 
considerable portion of the men have lieen enrolled as disloyal, or are known to be so. 

All officers are strictly enjoined to see that no further organizations of this kind 
are made, and will report to their immediate commanders any which may be in 
progress of organization. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

William D. Wood, 

Acting Adjutant-General. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 55 

It is GA'ideiit that the immediate object of this order was to prevent 
the organization of disloyal men intocom])aniesof Provisional Enrolled 
Missouri ^Militia, but as the order applied to the enrolled militia force 
in y'eneral. it is here (juoted as a part of th(^ histor}- of that force. 

One ol)iect of the oroanization of the provisional regiments was to 
reduce the calls upon the previously organized regiments of Enrolled 
Missouri ]Militia for active service, and this object appears to have 
been accomplished. But disorders continued to prevail, and on June 
28, 1864, Major-General Rosecrans, who had succeeded to the command 
of the Department of the Missouri, issued an order in which he called 
upon the people of the State, by public meetings and the selection of 
local committees, to choose and organize out of the enrolled State 
militia select companies to serve for the protection of their respective 
counties. This proposition on the part of the commandinp^ general 
was in conformity with an agreement with the g'overnor of the State, 
and resulted in the organization of a nuuiber of independent compa- 
nies known as Provisional Companies, Enrolled Missouri Militia, the 
histor}' of which will be given under its appropriate head. 

The Enrolled Missouri Militia maintained its organization as an 
embodied militar}- force until March, 1865, though several regiments 
(the Twenty-fifth, Thirty-ninth, Forty-first, and Forty -eighth) were 
disbanded in I860 pursuant to an order of which the following is a 
copy: 
General Okders, ^ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

y Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 30. J St. Louis, November 1, 1868. 

I. In consequence of an extraordinary reduction in numbers, from various causes, 
such as removals from the State, vohinteering in the United States service, and pay- 
ment of tiie commutation tax in heu of military service, the following regimental 
organizations of the Enrolled Missouri Militia are hereby disbanded, and the corn- 
missions of their otfioers ai'e, with the exception of the officers hereinafter named, 
revoked : 

Twentv-fifth Regiment E. M. M. (Buchanan County), except Companies F and K. 

Thirty-ninth Regiment E. M. M. (Platte County). 

Forty-first Rf-giment E. ]M. M. (Andrew County). 

Forty-eighth Regiment E. ^1. M. (Clay and C'linton counties). 

And all oflicers of these regiments who have now in their possession any public 
property are directed to turn over such property to their district commander without 
delay, taking duplicate receipts therefor in proper form. 

II. Colonels James H. Moss. Forty-eighth Regiment E. M. M., and John Scott, 
Twenty-fifth Regiment E. ^I. ]M., are hereby retained in service and commission, 
and are instructed to reorganize the effective militia f)f Clay, Clinton, and Platte 
counties, and Buchanan and Andrew counties, respei-tively, forming the same into 
companies in compliance with the militia laws of the iState and existing orders, and 
forwarding dulv certified muster-in rolls to the headquarters of the Seventh Military 
District, E. M. "M., at St. Joseph. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, Adjutant- General. 

[Journal ^Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 447.] 

In 1865 a new militia law was enacted, in which it was provided 
that all organizations of the Enrolled Missouri Militia should cease to 
exist on the expiration of thirty days after the approval of the act. 
This act, approved February 10, 1865, contained the following: 

Sec 26. All organizations of the "Enrolled ^lissouri Militia " shall cease to exist on 
the expiration of thirty days after the approval of this act, and the commissions of 
all officers of the Enrolled Missouri iNlilitia, including all commissions issued to 
jjersons on the staff of the governor prior to January 1, 1865, shall be deemed to 
be vacated on that day. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, [). 47.] 



56 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Pursuant to this provision of law, an order was issued from head- 
quarters State of Missouri as follows: 

General OrderJ^, "j Headquarters State of Missouri, 

I Adjutant-Gexeral's Office, 

No. 12. j Jefferson City, March 11, 1865. 

I. All regiments, companies, and detachments of the Enrolled ISIissouri Militia, 
including those companies organized under the provisions of General Orders, No. 107, 
series of 1864, from lieadquarters Department of the Missouri, who are now in active 
service, are hereby relieved, to take effect from this date. Commanding officers of 
the above forces are hereby directed to cause to be made out prior to the 15th of 
April next complete muster and pay rolls for all service rendered under proper 
authority, where they have not already been made out and forwarded to this office. 

II. All officers of the Enrolled Missouri Militia who have in their possession pub- 
lic property belonging to the State or General Government are hereby directed to 
turn over the same to such officers as may be designated to receive it; and in order 
to facilitate this transfer, division commanders of the Missouri militia will insti'uct 
their district commanders to announce in general orders an officer to receive and 
receipt for the said property, <lesignating the points where the same will be received. 
No officer accountable for public property will receive any payments until they have 
received from the quartermaster-general a certificate of their nonindebtedness to 
the State. It is therefore desired that they forward their I'eturns at an early date, 
with a view to a prompt settlement of all accounts and claims growing out of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Samuel P. Simpson, Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 43.] 

According to the report of the adjutant-general of the State for the 
year 1865, the Enrolled Missouri Militia was disbanded March 12, 
1865, and the commissions of all of its officers were vacated on that 
date. 

EQUIPMENT, SUBSISTENCE, PAY. 

The question as to the equipment and support of the Enrolled Mis- 
souri Militia was one that early claimed the attention of the authorities, 
both of the State and the United States. In the order, No. 19, of 
July 22, 1862, quoted above, directing the enrollment of the force, it 
was provided that every man should ])ring with him whatever arms 
he might have or could procure, and a good horse if he had one. It 
was also announced that all arms and ammunition, of whatever kind 
and wherever found, not in the hands of the loyal militia, would be 
taken possession of l)v the militia and used for the public defense, and 
that those of the militia who had no arms and could not procure them 
in the manner indicated would be supplied as quickly as possible by 
the Ordnance Department — evidently l)y the United States. 

In a telegram to the Secretar}^ of War, dated July 26, 1862, General 
Schofield said: '"I can not possibly meet them [guerrilla bands] with- 
out calling out some of the newh' enrolled. May I feed them when I 
deem it al^solutely necessary?" To this inquiry no answer has been 
found. 

On the same date, July 26, 1862, General Schofield addressed the 
General in Chief through his assistant adjutant-general: 

Headquarters St. Louis District, 

St. Lou-is, Mo., Jill If 36, 1862. 
Col. J. C. Kelton, 

Assistant Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C. 
Colonel: 

* * * * * * * 

I propose to make the militia force thus organized self-sustaining, the expenses of 
those at any time in active service being paid by those who are exempted. I shall 
want arms and ammunition only from the United States. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 57 

]t would, however, greatly aid me could I be authorized to issue sul)sistenee for a 
short time, and when necessary only, until the organization should be perfected. I 
must use at once some of this force, and it is diliicult to do so without furnishing 
subsistence in certain cases. 

Thei'e are in the arsenal about 29,000 altered smooth-bore muskets not needed for 
general issue. 1 respectfully request that Colonel Callender Ije authorized to issue 
these arms and such others captured in Missouri as may l)e tit for service, and the 
necessary annnunition, upon my orders. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Brigadier-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armi'es, Series I, Vol. XIII, pp. 
513, 514.] 

To this letter General Halleck replied, July 30, 1862: 

War Department, 

Witshington, July 30, 1862. 
General Schofield, St. Loxds, Mo.: 

Colonel Callender is authorized to issue such captured arms as he can spare to the 
militia called into service. I think they should be subsisted by requisitions on rebel 
sympathizers and the seizure of property of rebels in arms. 

H. W. Halleck, General in Chief. 
[Ibid., p. 522.] 

On August 12, 1862, General Schofield, in his capacity as the rep- 
resentative of the United States in command of the military District 
of Missouri, issued a general order announcing that during- active 
operations in the pursuit of guerrillas the troops of his command, 
including- the Enrolled Missouri Militia, would, as far as possible, be 
subsisted upon the enemy and those who had given aid to the rebellion, 
such necessary subsistence for the militia as could not be obtained 
from the country to be furnished b}^ the commissary -general of the 
State. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 9. j St. Louis, August 12, 1862. 

1. During active operations in the field in pursuit of guerrillas, the troops of this 
command will not be incumbered with transportation of supplies, but will, as far as 
possible, obtain sulisistence from the enemy and those who aid and encourage the 
rebellion. 

Property taken for the use of the troops will be properly accounted for, and nothing 
will be wantonly destroyed or wasted. 

The Enrolled Militia, when in active service, will be subsisted in like manner. 
Such necessary subsistence stores as can not be obtained from the country will be 
furnished by the commissary-general of the State. 

Whenever it becomes necessary to use the property of the loyal people, vouchers 
will be given in due form, which vouchers will constitute claims against the State, 
to be settled at some future day. 

* *■■ ~ -X- ■» ■>.- * 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: C. W. Marsh, 

Assistant A djutant- General. 
[Book No. 580, Deiiartment of the Missouri, p. 49.] 

On August 29, 1862, the governor of the State issued an oi'der relative 
to the subsistence of the troops, as follows: 
General Orders, "| Headquarters State of Missouri, 

\ Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 38. j .SY. Louis, August 29, 1862. 

1. The quartermaster-general will supjily the commands of the enrolled militia, 
called into active service and performing duty with rations of hard bread, coffee, 
sugar, and salt. Subsistence required in addition to these articles will be taken from 
disloyal citizens. 

******* 

By order of the Commander in Chief: Wm. D. Wood, 

Acting A djrdant-General. 
[Journal [Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Parti, 
Appendix, p. SS.] 



58 MISSOURI TKOOPS UNION. 

Disorders having" resulted from the execution of General Orders, 
No. 9, from headquarters District of Missouri, the following- order 
for their suppression was issued: 

(teneral Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 23. j ' St Louis, September 2^2, 1862. 

I. The general commanding has learned, with much regret, that in various parts 
of the State, under pretense of carrying out General Orders, No. 9, from these head- 
quarters, dated August 12, 1862, there has been perpetrated pillage and marauding 
of the most unsoldierlike and disi^ejiutable character. 

The order in question wa's carefully drawn, and the general commanding is no less 
surprised than mortified to tind that it should be either innocently misunderstood 
or wantonly perverted. The first paragraph provides, in language sedulously guarded, 
that "during active operations in the field in pursuit of guerrillas, the troops of this 
command will not be incumbered with transportation of supplies, but will, as far as 
practicable, obtain subsistence from the enemy and those who aid and encourage 
the rebellion. Property taken for the use of troops will be properly accounted for, 
and nothing will be wantonly destroyed or wasted. The p]nrolled ^lilitia, when in 
active service, will be subsisted in like manner. Such necessary subsistence stores 
as can not be obtained from the country will be furnished by the commissary -general 
of the State. Whenever it becomes necessary to use the property of the loyal people, 
vouchers will be given in due form, which vouchers will constitute claims against 
the State, to be settled at some future day." 

It must strike all with astonishment that the Enrolled Militia of the State not in 
active service nor in pursuit of guerrillas should, in some cases, have quartered 
themselves on unoffending citizens, and in others should have taken from their farms 
provisions and supi^lies. But it is still more surprising and alarming that in other 
cases houses have been entered and articles taken not proper for the subsistence of 
the army, and by no construction to be brought within the terms of the order. 

Conduct of this nature is eminently calculated to demoralize all who are parties to 
it and to aggravate calamities which need no additional bitterness. The widest pos- 
sible distinction should be made, both for the sake of justice and policy, between 
peaceful citizens^ and disturbers of the public peace. 

So far as the troops of this command are concerned (including the Enrolled Militia 
of the State), all citizens remaining quietly at home, in pursuit of their ordinary avo- 
cations, are entitled to the protection of the law'. Nothing is liable to greater abuse 
than to permit soldiers in the field, or in camp, upon the mere surmise of disloyalty, 
to treat as guilty a citizen who is peacefully attending to his 1 )usiness. Any charge 
of improper conduct on the part of such a person will very {troperly be reported to 
the United States attorney for investigation; and if he be found guilty, punishment 
will follow; ]jut in advance of such conviction, such citizens are to be treated as 
innocent. 

II. The Enrolled Militia of the State can only be called into active service by the 
express orders of the division commanders, as provided by General Orders, No. 24, 
from headquarters Missouri State Militia, dated August 4, 1862. After being thus 
called into active service they may, when engaged in active operations in the field 
in pursuit of guerrillas, subsist on the country; liut these are the only circumstances 
under which this permission is given. This departure from military rules is justified 
only bj' military necessity, and is strictly commensurate with it. No such necessity 
can be pleaded, except when rapid movement of a command is the essential condi- 
tion of military success. 

In no case will General Orders, No. 9, justify the taking of anything but supplies 
for the subsistence of the forces in the field', and whenever the owner can be found 
a full descriptive list and receipt will be given him, signed by the officer in command 
of the detachment making the requisition. 
Bv order of Brigadier-General Sehofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistavt Adjutant-General. 
[Book No. 580, Department of the Missouri, p. 55.] 

On October 12, 1862, Maj. Gen. Sanuiel R. Curtis, who had been 
assigned to the connuand of the Department of the jNlissouri, addressed 
a letter to the General in Chief relative to the subsistence of the militia, 
in which he also reciuested authority to issue blankets and clothing to 
the militia in active service. In this letter he said: 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA, 59 

Headqiarteks Department of the Missoiri, 

.SY. Louis, Mo., October 12, 1862. 
INIaj. (u'li. H. W. Hai.i.eck, 

(iencral in Chief. 
General: Many of the Enrolled ]Militia of this State have been and are in actual 
service. They have been called out for stated periods, say thirty days. Heretofore 
they have had half rations furnished by the Government, and I have ordered full 
rations when they seem to need and deserve them. There are many of them doing 
good service, and very niui-h need blankets and clothing. A month or two's service 
would be wortli a suit of clothes. There is a large quantity of gray clothing here 
that can be colored; also a ()uantity of condemned clothing. I recommend the issue 
of such damaged clothing to these troops tluit have servecl a month and are again 
on duty to serve tliirty days at my discretion. I would in such discretion furnish 
the most needy antl deserving. I submit the matter for your consideration. I have 
avoided making any call myself for militia; V)ut they were called before I took this 
command, and they are many of them so useful they can not be immediately dis- 
pensed with. They have lieen called out V)y the governor or some of the local 
militia commanders according to orders from General Schofield, with a kind of under- 
standing they are not to be paid, and as far as possible are to be maintained at the 
expense of the disloyal neighbors. The general plan seems to work well, but there 
are a great many poor men in this kind of service very willing to work for nothing 
who have not the clothes to work with. 

****** 4f 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Saml. R. Curtis, 

3Iajor-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, pp. 
729, 730.] 

The Secretary of War declined to sanction the issue of clothing- 
recommended by General Curtis. This decision was communicated in 
a letter from the General in Chief of which the following- is a copj- 

WashinXtTOX, D. C, October 25, 1862. 
Major-General Curtis, 

Commanding, etc., St. Louis, Mo. 
General: Your communication of October 12, in relation to the issue of clothing 
to the militia of JNIissouri called into service for one month, has been submitted to 
the Quartermaster-General and to the Secretary of AVar. 

I anj directed by the General in Chief to say that the Secretary of War "declines to 
direct the issue asked for." Clothing will not be issued by the United States to troops 
called into service for only one month. 

Very respectfully, general, your obedient servant, 

J. C. K ELTON, 

Assistant Adjutan t- General. 
[Ibid., p. 763.] 

Under date of January 9, 1863, an order was issued by General 
Curtis, pursuant to authority from the Secretary of War, in which it 
was announced that, when in actual service, the Enrolled Missouri 
Militia would be entitled to draw forage and subsistence, and to be 
furnished transportation by the United States. Following is a copy 
of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Mi.ssouri, 

No. 4. I <S'^ Louis, Mo., Januarii 9, 186.3. 

Pursuant to authority of the Secretary of War. the I'nrolleil Mi,«souri ]\Iilitia will 
be entitled to draw forage and subsistence, and to be furnished transportation, when 
in actual service, upon recjuisitions properly approved by the United States officer 
commanding the district in which they may be serving. But such militia will in 
no case be considered in actual service except when called out by the governor of 
the State, or a commander of a district, and only while they are retained in service 
by such commander. 

Bv command of IMajor-General Curtis: 

H. Z. Curtis, 
Assistan I A djutan t- Genera L 



60 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Predicated upon the foregoing- order, the following was issued from 
State headquarters: 

Special Orders, ^ Headquarters State op Missouri, 

r Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 4. J St. Louis, January 13, 1863. 

I. Provision havinj; ])een made ]jy the United States authorities for the supply of 
subsistence and forage to the Enrolled ]Militia of Missouri when in active service, you 
are therefore ordered to suspend at once all assessments made within the limits of 
your command for the support of the enrolled militia. 

II. The Enrolled Missouri Militia, when in actual service by order of competent 
authority, will draw their supplies from the nearest United Staltes post. 

By order of the Connnander in Chief: 

Wm. D. Wood, Acting Adjutant-General. 
[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 23.] 

In June, 1863, authority was given by the Secretary of War for the 
issue of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and medical supplies 
to the militia in active service, under the command of the commanding 
general, Department of the Missouri, and on the 7th of June an order 
was issued by General Scholield. who had succeeded to the command 
of the department, as follows: 

General Orders, "I Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 47. l" St. Louis, June 7, 1863. 

I. Autliority having been given by the War Department to furnish clothing, camp 
and garrison equipage, and medical supplies to the Enrolled Missouri Militia in con- 
tinuous active service under the command of the commanding general of the depart- 
ment, requisitions will lie made in due form by the proper officers for such of the 
above-named supplies as are required by the eight provisional regiments now in 
service. These requisitions will be based upon the number of men now actually in 
service and will bear the certificate of the regimental commander to their correctiiess 
and be approved by the commander of the clistrict in which they are serving. The 
requisitions so certified to and approved will be forwarded to these headquarters 
without delay. 

_ Officers of the enrolled militia desiring to draw subsistence for their men must cer- 
tify upon their ijrovision returns that the troops returned for are in actual service 
and that all the men returned for are actually present for duty. 

The United States officers in command of each district will inform the commis- 
saries in their districts of the regiments and companies of enrolled militia that are in 
service, the number of men for duty, and to whom they may issue rations without 
referring the returns to the district commander. Commissaries will report to the chief 
commissary of the department any officers whom they have reason to believe return 
for more men than are actually in service and present for duty at the time the return 
is made. 

Regimental quartermasters should draw the subsistence for their regiments upon 
consolidated provision returns and distribute them to their companies. 

******* 

By command of Major-General Schofield: 

A. V. COLBURN, 

Assistant Adjutant- General. 

On September 26, 1864, Major-General Rosecrans, then command- 
ing the Department of the Missouri, issued an address to "Missour- 
ians," appealing to them to rally in the defense of the State against 
the invading army of General Price. In this order he said, with refer- 
ence to the equipment and subsistence of the militia: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department or the Missouri, 

No. 176. i St. Louis, Mo., September 36, 1864. 

Missou7^ians: 

****** * 

V. The governor of the State has been informed of the threatened raid and 
requested to call the militia to serve until the invaders are destroyed or driven from 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 61 

the State. I rely uihju their courage and i»atriotisiii, and have only to say: Let your 
assembling l)e prompt, and let the conuuissioned otiieers see that proper steps are 
at onee taken to secure for their eonunan<ls all needfid supplies of arms, eiiuipments, 
ammunition, camp and garrison ecjuipage, and blankets. 

Brig. Gen. K. Anson ^lore, chief ({uartermaster of the State, will furnish these 
supplies on requisitions made according to his instructions. 

The chief commissary of the department will furnish subsistence. 
******* 

By connuand of Major-General Rosecrans: 

J. F. Bennett, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 

One method adopted l)y General Schotield for the support of the 
Enrolled Mis.souri Militia was the assessment of "the secessionists and 
Southern s^'mpathizers in St. Louis County."' For the purpose of 
carrying this project into effect he appointed a board of citizens. 
This was done in Special Orders. No. 01. headquarters District of 
Missouri, August 28, 1862. of which the foUowino- is an extract: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 9L J St. Louis, August 28, 1862. 

******* 

III. The following-named gentlemen are hereby appointed a county board for St. 
Louis County, viz: Messrs. Henry Moore, John Ca vender, G. F. Filley, Charles 
Borg, and Ferdinand Meyer. 

This board will assess and collect without unnecessary delay the sum of $500,000 
from the secessionists and Southern sympathizers in St. Louis County. 

The money thus obtained will be used in subsisting, clothing, and arming the 
enrolled militia while in active service, and in providing for the support of such 
families of militiamen and United States volunteers as may be left destitute. 

* * * * * * ■ * 

By order of Brigadier-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant A djutant- General. 
[Book No. 580, Department of the Missouri, p. 69.] 

On August 30, 1862, three additional members of the board were 
appointed and one of the original members was relieved. This was 
done in Special Orders, No. 94, as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 94. i St. Louis, August 30, 1862. 

The following gentlemen are hereby appointed additional members of the St. Louis 
County board, appointed by Special Orders, No. 91, from these headquarters, dated 
August 28, 1862, viz: Col. John 0' Fallon, Mr. Daniel Garrison, and Mr. James S. 
Thomas. 

Mr. John Cavender, being president of the committee charged with the disburse- 
ment of the fund for the relief of soldiers' families, is hereby relieved from serving 
as a member of the county board. 

By order of Brigadier-General Schotield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[I])id., p. 73.] 

Commissioners were appointed for the same purpose in the Central 
District of Missouri. The first announcement on the su))ject V)y the 
commanding general of that district was as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Central District of Missouri, 

No. 3. J Jefferson City, September 29, 1862. 

I. A large proportion of the wealth of the country is in the hands of disloyal inhab- 
itants, who have no articles in kind required for the subsistence of troops^ whereby 
they have hitherto escaped bearing a reasonable share of the burdens imposed upoii 
the disloyalists of the county. For the purpose of equalizing such burdens as near 
as may be, an assessment of §5,000 is hereby levied upon the disloyal inhabitants of 



62 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Jefferson City, whereof the sum of $3,000 will be applied to subsistinor the Enrolled 
Militia whilst engaged in actual service, and the remaining §2,000 is appropriated to 
the relief of the destitute families of the soldiers engaged in actual service and to 
relieve temporarih' destitute refugees who have l)een driven from their homes by 
rebels or suerrillas. 

II. Dr.^William A. Curry, Dr. Bernard Bruns, P. T. :\Iiller, esq., Col. Allen P. 
Richardson, and T. W. Cloney, esq., are hereby appointed commissioners to assess, 
levy, and collect said sum of money. They will determine the persons upon whom 
the levy shall be made and the amount thereof that each shall pay. 

III. Said commissioners will at once proceed to determine who shall pay said 
assessment, and to fix the amount to be pi\id by each. As soon as this is done they 
will cause notices to be served upon said persons, notifying them of said assessment, 
and the amount thereof, which they are respectively required to pay, and requiring 
them to pay the same within ten days from the date of the service of the order. 

IV. Should any person after being so notified fail, neglect, or refuse to pay the 
amount so assessed and required to be paid by him for ten daj's, he will l)e arrested 
and held in close custody, and the provost-marshal will at once seize sufficient of the 
personal projjerty of such person to i^ay said assessment, and advertise and sell the 
same without delay, the sale to be in some public place, to the highest bidder for cash, 
and to be made between the hours of 9 o'clock in the forenoon and 5 o'clock in the 
afternoon. 

V. The money collected for the subsistence of the militia will be paid out by the 
commissioners, i'rom time to time, as it is collected, on the orders of the quartermas- 
ter and commissary for the Enrolled Militia at this place, who is hereby required to 
account on his monthly statements and quarterly returns for all supplies paid for l3y 
this fund. 

VI. The money collected for the destitute families and refugees will be paid out on 
the orders of Dr. A. Peabody or Mrs. A. P. Richardson, Mrs. T. L. Crawford, or of 
any two of them, they being hereby appointed a board to distribute the same. 

VII. This assessment may be paid in such articles as would be bought with the 
money, provided the same will be delivered at cash prices, as required, and at such 
places as may be designated. 

Ben. Loan, 
Brigadier- General, Missouri State Militia. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 691.] 

Similar order.s were published relative to the appointment of com- 
missioners for other localities within the Central District. 

The commanding- general of the District of Northeast Missouri also 
appointed commissioners for the purpose of making assessments for 
the support of the '' loyal militia/'' Following is a cop\" of his order 
on this su1>iect: 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters District Northeast Missouri, 

No. 3. / Macon Citii, Mo., October 2, ISe^'i. 

It is only common justice, if the loyal men of Missouri are required to take up 
arms to preserve the peace of the State, that the disloyal, who can not l)e trusted 
with the public safety, and the semiloyal, who have enrolled as loyal, but neglect or 
fail in their duty, should bear their fair share of the burden by subsisting and, when 
necessary, mounting the militia in active service. In order that this may be done 
systematically and work equal justice to all wlio are re(|uired to contriliute, a com- 
mittee of honest citizens will be api)ointed in each county, whose duty it shall be to 
levy an assessment for the sustenance of the loyal militia. These committees will 
be governed by the following regulations: 

I. The assessment will be levied in mone)' and paid in either money or produce, 
as the contributor may elect. In case it is paid in money it will be paid into the 
hands of the committee and by them turned over to the local commissary, by whom 
it will be expended in purchasing in the open market the subsistence reijuired for 
the use of the troops; when it is paid in produce it must be in such kind of produce 
as is ordered, and the amount must equal in money value at market rates the amount 
of money levied. 

II. The amount assessed by the committee will be in proportion to the wealth of 
the persons assessed, and the standard for the estimate of wealth will be the last 
valuation made by proper State officers. 

III. The payment of assessments in produce will be made by delivery of the arti- 
cles to the local commissary, and his receipt to the individual will be submitted to 
the committee, to be entered on their Ijooks, and no payment of an assessment will 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MTLITTA. 63 

be complete until the rec'C'i])t has been so entered and eountersi<rne(l 1)\- a mendierof 
the eoniniittee. . 

IV. No artieles of i)roduce will be accepted in payment of an assessment except 
meat, breadstuftV, and fora<:e, and no nioneypaid for an assessment must he expended 
exce})t for meat and hrcadstuffs and i0(ikin<j: utensils for the use of trof)ps. 

V. The lollowinii jxTsims will l>e ^^uljject to assessment: First, ail persons who 
have enrolleil themselves as disloyal or in sympathy with the rebellion; second, all 
persons who have failed or neglected to enroll, whether loyal or disloyal; third, all 
persons who have enrolled as loyal or who are or have been notoriously disloyal, and 
who have done no acts or used their influence to show their loyalty. 

VI. Property of widows or orphan children less in value than 65,000 will not be 
assessed unless they have given aid or comfort to guerrillas; in that case it will be 
included in the assessment. 

VII. The committee will keep a regular set of books, in which the names and resi- 
dences of the individuals assessed will be entered, together with the estiniated value 
of their possessions and the money value of the amount levied, together with the 
dates and amounts of the payments thereon. Substance taken for tlu; subsistence of 
troops since the 1st of August last will, upon due proof thereof being made to the 
committee of the fact and of its market value, be credited to the account of the person 
from whom it was taken in making up the account of his payment. 

VIII. When an assessment is made and payment refused or neglected, after due 
notice, the committee will notify the military commander of the fact, who will cause 
property to four times the amount of the levy to be seized from the delinquent and 
publicly sold to pay the amount. 

IX. Notice of assessment will be made as follows: To persons living 5 miles and 
less from the point at which the payment nuist be made four days' notice, and one 
day longer notice for every additional 8 miles of travel necessary to make delivery 
of the amount levied. In extreme cases, of which the committee must be the judges, 
shorter notice, at their discretion, may be given, allowing, however, a reasonable 
time for the delivery. 

X. Each member of the committee will take the following oath before entering 
upon the discharge of his duties: 

I, '—, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully and honestly 

discharge my duty as a member of the assessment committee, constituted by General 
Orders, No. " — , Headquarters Northeast Missouri District, in accordance with the 
rules therein laid down, to the best of my aljility. So help me God. 

XI. Each local commissary will take the following oath before entering ujion the 
discharge of his duties: 

I, — ^ , do solemnly swear that I will honestly and faithfully discharge 

the duties of commissary for the Enrolled Militia; that 1 will honestly expend the 
moneys which may come into my hands from the assessment committee in the man- 
ner and for the purpose indicated in General Orders, No. — , Headquarters North- 
east Missouri District, and that I will not have any pecuniary or other interest in any 
purchase which I may so make. So help me God. 

XII. When horses are necessary to mount the local militia they will be obtained 
by requisition upon the county committee, who [will] direct them to be furnished by 
those subject to assessment who can l;)est spare them, taking care to avoid stripping 
a farm entirely or seriously crippling its means of cultivation. These horses will be 
receipted for by the conmiittee and to them by the militiamen to whom they are 
issued, who will be held responsible for their return and careful usage. In case they 
are unavoidablj' lost or killed in action, of which there must be some proof, the 
value will be paid the owner by a general assessment upon those required to furnish 
horses. Horses so taken will be returned to their owners as soon as the necessity for 
their use is past. In no case will horses be taken to mount a militiaman who can 
mount himself, unless by so doing he would entirely strip his own farm. 

By command of Brigadier-General ]Merrill: 

Geo. M. Houston, / 
Major- and Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., pp. 704, 705.] 

On September 1, 1862, immediately after the orgaiiization of the 
St, Louis board of assessment, the governor of the State addressed 
the })anks and banking institutions of the city of St. Louis, as follows: 

Headqu.\rters Missouri State Militia, 

St. Louis, September 1, 1862. 

Sir: The State requires the sum of §150,000 to purchase arms for the militia, and 
as you have seen from an order of General Schofield, it is intended to raise the 
money by assessments upon those who are the known enemies of the Government. 



64 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

In the meantime it is necessai\v to have the money for the above purpose imme- 
diately, and I have caused the sum to be divided among the banks of the city in 
propoi'tion to their capital. In such distribution I have to request that you will 

make provision for $ , so that the State can have the use of it until sufficient 

money shall be collected by the assessments, out of the first of which the money now 
asked will be repaid. 

Your obedient servant, H. R. Gamble. 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 354.] 

The money, $150,000, asked for by Governor Gamble was promptly 
advanced and was expended in the State service, but the authority for 
or the expediency of the proposed assessment having been called in 
question, the governor, on December 2, 1862, addressed the banks 
from whom advances had been received, as follows: 

St. Louis, December 2, 1862. 
Sir: I appealed some time since to the different banks and banking institutions of 
the city for an advance of the sum of $150,000 for the purpose of arming the enrolled 
militia of the State, the advance to be refunded out of the proceeds of an assessment 
then recently ordered by General Schofield. 

The banks with commendable promptness made the advance. 
My present object is to know whether the institutions will release the security 
afforded by the assessment, and rely upon the State for the repayment of the money 
which has been expended in its service. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. R. Gamble, 

Governor of Mhs^ouri. 
[Ibid., p. 3,54.] 

To this letter the banking institutions replied in form as follows: 

St. Louis, December 4, 1862. 
Hon. H. R. Gamble, 

Governor of Missouri. 
Dear Sir: Understanding from your communication of 2d instant that it is desired 
that the assessment should be dispensed with, I am authorized to say that if such 

should be the case, the will waive any claim we may have on the 

funds which would have been collected from that source. 

Respectfully, etc., . 

[Ibid., p. 355.] 

Under date of December 5, 1862, General Schofield, in answer to a 
communication from the president of the assessment board, stated that 
in the matter of the proposed assessment he had acted upon his own 
responsibility as an otticer of the United States and not under the 
orders of the governor of Missouri, though the measure had the 
approval of that official. Following is a copy of General Scholield's 
letter: 

St. Louis, Mo., December 5, 1862. 
James S. Thomas, Esq., 

President St. Louis County Board. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 
3d instant, in which you request me to answer, for the information of the county 
board, the following questions touching Special Orders No. 91, issued by me, and 
under which your board is now acting: 

First. Is it ordered under the authority or approval of Hamilton R. Gamble as 
governor of the State of ^lissouri? 

Second. Is it an order of your own as commander of the State troops of Missouri, 
or as commander of the militia enrolled under the order of the governor? 

Third. Is it an order of your own as connnander of the military District of Mis- 
souri; and if so, is it recognized by the War Department? 

These (luestions can doubtless be most satisfactorily answered by a brief reference 
to the military condition of Missouri at and about the time the order was issued, and 
to the position occupied by myself at that time. By appointment from the major- 
general commanding the Department of the Mississippi, I was commander of the 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 65 

military District of iSIissouri, and as such, acted purely under the authority of the 
Unite<l States. I was placed here for a certain definite purpose, which may be 
briefly stated— to restore the authority of the United States throughout the State of 
IMissouri and to restore and preserve the peace of thi' State. To enat)le nie to accom- 
j)lish this, there was placed at my disposal a certain military force, (;oniposed of 
United States Volunteers and the State militia raised for this special service, under 
an agreement l)etween the governor of Missouri and the President of the United 
States. 

For a time this force seemed quite sufficient for the purpose, but soon military 
operations in Arkansas and Tennessee rendered necessary the witiidrawal from Mis- 
souri of a large portion of the troops originally assigned to my command. 

Soon after this, in j)iu'suance of a ])lan of the rebel government, large numbers of 
rebel troops from Missouri were sent back into the State with commissions to recruit 
and organize troops for the Southern army. Some of these returne<l rebels succeeded 
in passing secretly through our lines, others were arrested, and others gave them- 
selves up and t(jok the required oath and parole, professing their desire to return to 
their allegiance. These emissaries from the rebel government spread themselves 
over the State, and secretly enlisted, organized, and officered a very large number of 
men; places of rendezvous were designated, anci all were ordered to hold themselves 
in readiness to asseml)le when the signal should be given. Their plan was to main- 
tain their ground in Missouri, if possible, and if not, to make the best of their way 
into Arkansas. They were promised, and to some extent received, cooperation from 
the enemy's forces in the latter State. So extensive was their organization that not- 
withstanding the discovery and partial prostration of the scheme, not less than 
10,000 guerrillas were at one time in arms in Missouri. Aware of the impending 
danger, I called upon the United States Government for more troops. The reply was 
that not a single regiment could be furnished. There was nothing left, then, but to 
call forth the latent power of the State to save her from the horrors of guerrilla war, 
and to preserve the authority of the United States within her borders. I therefore 
availed myself of my position as brigadier-general of the Missouri militia, and called 
upon the (.Tovernment for authority to enroll and organize all the militia of the State 
and to call into active service such force as I might deem necessary. This authority 
was readily granted, and the work immediately commenced. With the immense 
difficulties which lay in the way of its successful prosecution, arising from the appre- 
hension and distrust excited in the minds of the people, both loyal and disloyal, and 
the doubts existing in the minds of many of the success of so great an experiment, 
tried for the first time in the country, your board are, perhaps, as familiar as myself. 
Its final triumph and happy results are known to every one in Missouri. 

Not the least of the difficulties to be overcome was to provide the means for arming 
and subsisting this force. Some arms were furnished by the United States, but soon 
this source failed. Subsistence was entirely denied. I was therefore again thrown 
upon my own resources to provide the means for performing the duty assigned me by 
the Government, viz, "to take care of Missouri." Under these circumstances I deter- 
mined that those who, by their open or secret aid and encouragement to the rebellion, 
had brought upon the State so great a calamity should bear the extraordinary expense 
necessary to bring back a state of peace and prosperity, and at the same time be 
made to realize that such crimes could not be committed with impunity. The mode 
of accomplishing this was a matter for careful consideration, particularly whether it 
should be done under State or Federal authority. The money was to be chiefly used 
for the support of a State force, for whose maintenance the United States were in no 
way responsible and provided for by no law of Congress. The State was entirely 
without means to meet such expense, and I was so informed by the governor. On 
the other hand, this force was called into existence solely to enable me to discharge 
the important and difficult duty assigned me by the United States Government, and 
to enable me and my predecessors to accomplish which we had been entrusted with 
all the powers of martial law. There was manifestly no other law, either State or 
Federal, under which the money required could l)e raised for the specific purpose, 
either by assessment of disloyal persons or otherwise, nor by which those guilty of 
aiding in bringing calamity upon the State could be made to feel the sting of just 
retribution Vjefore it should be too late to produce good results. It was therefore 
manifest that the order should sjjring from United States authority, the source of 
martial law. Hence the order was issued from "Headquarters District of Missouri," 
and possessed whatever of force I could give it in my capacity as representative of 
the military power of the United States in Missouri. 

The above is substantially an answer to all your questions. I acted in this, as in 
all other matters, upon my own responsibility as an officer of the United States, and 
not under the orders of the governor of Missouri. It was a matter with which the 

S. Doc. 412 5 



66 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION, 

governor had officially nothing to do, although he expressed unhesitatingly his 
approval of the measure, and proceeded at once to raise funds to meet the present 
necessities of the miUtarj' service, pledging, as he was authorize*! by me to do, the 
money to be raised by assessment to meet the liabilities thus incurred. 

Your first question may therefore be briefly answered thus: The order was issued 
not under the authority but with the approval of the governor of Missouri. 

Your second question is answered in the negative. 

In order that your third question may be fully answered, it is proper for me to 
state that no intimation of either approval or disapproval of the measure has ever 
reached me from the War Department. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. SCHOFIELD, 

Brigadier-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
I, pp. 810-812.] 

The enforcement of the assessment order by General Schofield cre- 
ated great dissatisfaction and serious opposition. A memorial on the 
subject addressed to the governor of the State was by him referred to 
Major-General Curtis, commanding the Department of the Missouri, 
who, on December !), 1862, referred the matter to the General in Chief, 
with comments relative to the legality of the tax. Following is a copy 
of this communication: 

Headquarters Department of the ^Missouri. 

St. Louix, Decembers, 1863. 

I have carefully read this communication of the Rev. Dr. Eliot, and considered the 
grave questions involved. 

An order was issued l)y General .Schofield, commanding the District of IMissouri, 
to levy half a million of dollars from the "secessionists and Southern sympathizers of 
St. Louis County, for subsisting, clothing, and arming the enrolled militia while in 
active service and in providing for the support of such families of militiamen and 
United States Volunteers as may be left destitute." As the fund is only to apply to 
State troops and State paupers, I supposed the order was issued by General Schofield 
in his capacity of a State brigadier-general; but the indorsement to me by the gov- 
ernor and the communication of General Schofield of the 5th instant, directed to the 
board of commissionei's, seem to invoke the responsibility of the United States as the 
sole author of this assessment. Before taking any step myself in this matter, I there- 
fore submit certain legal questions which arise in my mind to the consideration of 
the commanding general in chief: 

Can the United States levy and collect a special tax of this sort for a State purpose? 

Are the enrolled militia in "active service" a State or United States charge? 

Does not such direct tax by the United States conflict with the general direct tax 
levied by Congress? 

Does it not conflict with the confiscatit)n law? 

Does it not conflict with the Constitution in the mode and object of taxation and 
the right of the State to provide for its own militia? 

The right to meet a military necessity by forced laws or forced assessments I claim 
as a military necessity, but I do not perceive that such a necessity is presented now 
where the order seems to apjily. 

I have, therefore, to refer the matter to Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, whose deter- 
mination will l)e communicated to the reverend and very worthy author of this doc- 
ument and to his excellency the governor. 

Respectfully, Saml. R. Curtis, Majur-Gemral. 

[Ibid., pp. 802, 803.] 

On the following day, December 10, 18H2, General Curtis addressed 
a letter to (jovernor Gamble on the same subject, in which he said: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, December 10, 1862. 
Gov. Hamilton R. Gamble, St. Louis, Mo. 

Sir: Your note of the 1st instant, on the subject of assessment, saying that you 
inform gentlemen who come to you "that the assessment stands upon United States 
authority, and not upon State authority," was duly received and carefully consid- 



ENROLLED MISSOFRr MILITIA. 67 

ered. I li;ive ^njiposed it a State proceeding, and expressed my detenniiiation to 
support your otficer? in tlieir efforts to execute yovn- will, if foun<l necessary. Since 
you and (/ieneral Schotield regard it as an act of the I'nited States, grave (|uestions 
arise in my mind as to the harmony of my exercise of such powers in the face of the 
Constitution, the revenue laws, and the confiscation act. I have, therefore, referred 
the whole matter to head(|uarters, for the consideration of (leneral Ilalleck, pending 
which the President has directed me to stay all further proceedings. 

1 have the honor t<> be, governor, your excellency's obedient servant, 

SaML. R. Cl'RTIS, 

Mo'inr-dciieral, CdmriviiuJing Department of the Missouri. 
[Ibid., p. S27.] 

The instruction.s of the President referred to in General Curtis's 
letter to Govtn-nor (lanible were as follows: 

Executive M.vnsiox, 
Washington, December 10, 1862. 
^Major-General Curtis, St. Louis, Mo.: 

Please suspend, until further order, all proceedings on the order made by General 
Schotield, on the 28th day of August last, for assessing and collecting from secession- 
ists and Southern sj'mpathizers the sum of $500,000, etc., and in the meantime make 
out and send me a statement of facts perthient to the question, together with your 
opinion upon it. 

A. Lincoln. 
[Ibid., p. 826.] 

On December 30, 1S<>!^, the Governor issued an order prohibiting- 
the making- of asses.sments by officers of the Enrolled Missouri Militia. 
This order reads as follows: 

General Orders, ] Headquarters State of Missouri, 

y Ad.iutant-General's Office, 

No. 50. j St. Louis, December 30, 1862. 

The impression seeming to exist among officers of the Enrolled Militia that the 
orders heretofore issued from district or department headquarters by United States 
officers, in regard to assessments, are to be executed by them, this order is published 
to correct any such impression and to prevent confusion. 

The Enrolled Militia are under the exclusive command of their own officers, except 
when they are by express orders placed under the command of United States officers, 
and they will be governed only by such orders as may be issued from these head- 
quarters. If, therefore, any officers of the Enrolled ^lilitia are engaged in making 
assessments in pursuance of orders from United States commanders they will imme- 
diately suspend all action under said orders. 

No orders authorizing assessments have ever been issued from these heail<juarters, 
and none will, therefore, be made by the Enrolled ]\Iilitia. 
By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Wm. D. Wood, 
Acting Adjutant- General. 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 100.] 

On the folloAving- day Governor Gamble advised the President of his 
action in a communication of which the following is a copy: 

Jefferson City, Mo., December 31, 1862. 
His Excellency Abraham Lincoln, , 

President of the United States: 
I have stopped all assessments of Enrolled Militia. Please order by telegrajih the 
suspension of all assessments bj' United States officers. Great distress is ]iroduced. 

H. R. Gamble, 
Governor of Missouri. 

[Official Records of the L'nion and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
I, p. 888.] 



68 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

A few days later, on January 3, 1S63, Brigadier-General Merrill, 
commanding- the District of Northeastern Missouri, instructed his sub- 
ordinates relative to assessments as follows: 

Circular.] Headquarters District of Northeastern Missouri, 

Warrenton, Mo., Januarys, 1863. 

Gentlemen: I am directed by General Merrill to instruct you that no orders from 
any competent source have been given to stop the assessment in northern Missouri, 
and that no such order will be made at any future time, except it be bv some 
authority of an officer superior to himself, and then it will be against his hearty pro- 
test. You will accordingly proceed with your work as rapidly as possible in order 
that the amounts assessed may be collected at once. Should any order stop])ing the 
assessment be made by proper authority you will be at once notified. I am directed 
to state, in addition, that, in this matter, you are not under the control of any local 
military commanders, or subject to any orders, except those from General ■NJerrill. 
Neither are you subject to any control from the governor or any officer of the 
Enrolled Militia of this State in regard to the matter. 

By order of Brigadier-General Merrill: 

Geo. M. Houston, 
Major and Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid., Part II, p. 16.] 

On Januar}' 5, 1863, the President addressed Major-General Curtis 
on the same subject in a letter of which the following is a cop}- 

Executive Mansion, 

Washington, January 5, 1863. 
Major-General Curtis. 

My Dear Sir: I am having a good deal of trouble with Missouri matters, and I 
now sit down to write you particularly about it. One class of friends believe in 
greater severity and another in greater leniency in regard to arrests, banishments, 
and assessments. As usual in such cases, each questions the other's motives. On 
the one hand, it is insisted that Governor Gamble's Unionism, at most, is not better 
than a secondary spring of action; that hunkerism and a wish for political influence 
stand before Unionism with him. On the other hand, it is urged that arrests, banish- 
ments, and assessments are made more for private malice, revenge, and pecuniary 
interest than for the public good. This morning I was told by a gentlemen, who I 
have no doubt believes what he says, that in one case of assessments for $10,000, the 
different persons who paid compared receipts, and found they had paid $30,000. If 
this be true, the inference is that the collecting agents pocketed the odd $20,000. 
And true or not in the instance, nothing but the sternest necessity can justify the 
making and maintaining of a system so liable to such abuses. Doubtless the neces- 
sity for the making of the system in Missouri did exist, and whether it continues for 
the maintenance of it is now a practical and very important question. Some days 
ago Governor Gamble telegraphed me, asking that the assessments outside of St. 
Louis County might be suspended, as they already have been within it, and this 
morning all the members of Congress here from Missouri but one laid a paper before 
me asking the same thing. Now, my belief is that Governor Gamble is an honest 
and true man, not less so than yourself; that you and he could confer together on 
this and other Missouri questions, with great advantage to the public; that each 
knows something which the other does not, and that acting together you could about 
double your stock of pertinent information. May I not hope that you and he will 
attempt this? I could at once safely do (or you could safely do without me) whatever 
you and he agree upon. There is absolutely no reason why you should not agree. 
Yours, as ever, 

A. Lincoln. 

[Ibid., pp. 17, 18.] 

On January 20, 1863, the Secretary of War advised General Curtis 
that the order suspending "assessments for damages''' was not designed 
to be limited to St. Louis, but was meant to include all such assess- 
ments in the State of Missouri. Following is a copy of his communi- 
cation: 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 09 

War Department, 
Washington, January 20, 1863. 
Major-General Curtis, St. Louis, Mo.: 

The order suspendinji for the present any further action upon assessments for dam- 
ages was not designed to l)e limited to St. Louis, but was meant to include all such 
assessments in the State of Missouri. You will, therefore, suspend them until 
furtlier instructions. 

Edwin M. Staxtox, 

Secretary of War. 
[Ibid., p. 64.] 

And on the same day Brigadier-General Merrill, whose order of 
Januarys, 18H8, is quoted above, i.ssued the followino- circular, copies 
of which were addressed to his subordinate connnanders: 

Circular.] Headquarters District op- Northeastern Missouri, 

]]'arrentov, Mo., January 20, 1863. 
Gentlemen: You will not, for the present, continue the collection of any assess- 
ments you have made. It is hoped that the proper knowledge of this matter on the 
part of the President will soon permit the resumption of your work, which for the 
present, on account of strong opposition made to it by your representatives in Con- 
gress and the President, must be suspended. It would be well to let your repre- 
sentatives have a knowledge of your feelings on the subject, as they are now work- 
ing against it with such force as makes it advisable to bend to the pressure for a 
little while, for fear of a Presidential order revoking the whole thing. 
^^'ith much respect, your obedient servant, 

Lewis Merrill, 
Brigadier- General, Commanding District of Xortlieasteni Missouri. 

[Ibid., p. 64.] 

It is possible that some of the more recent of the foregoing- orders 
and instructions had reference to assessments for the payment of 
damages sustained b}" loyal citizens from the depredations of guer- 
rilla bands, as well as to the assessments for the support of the loyal 
militia. The histor}- of the former class of assessments, however, is 
foreign to the subject of this paper. It is sufficient here to state that 
the project of making assessments upon the alleged disloyalists for the 
support of the Enrolled jNlissouri Militia does not appear to have been 
revived. It will be seen from another part of this paper that about the 
time the project was abandoned provision was made l)y the General 
Government to furnish the Enrolled ^Missouri Militia with forage, 
subsistence, and transportation when on active service, and that author- 
it}^ was subsequently given by the Secretary of War for the issue of 
clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and medical supplies. 

Provision was made by the legislature of the State for the "pay- 
ment and support" of the Enrolled Missouri Militia b}' an act approved 
March 9, 1863, of which the following is an extract: 

AN ACT to provide the means for the payment and support of the enrolled militia forces of the State 

of Missouri. 

Be it enacted hy tlie general a,^sein}>hj of tlie State of Missouri, as follows: 
§ I.' For the {purpose of paying the Enrolled Militia, including surgeons and physi- 
cians, who have been in the service of the State, and such other militia forces as may 
be ordered into the service of said State, the governor is herel)y authorized and 
directed to cause to V)e issued State bonds as the same may l)e required from time to 
time, to pay the militia forces aforesaid for services actually rendered to the State, in 
sums of one, three, five, ten, and twenty dollars each; in ail not to exceed in amount 
three millions of dollars, and which shall be known as "Union Military Bonds," and 
shall be payable at the office of the treasurer in Jefferson City, Missouri, twelve 



70 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

months after date, with pix per centum interest from date, out of the Union Military 
Fund hereinafter provided, and sliall be redeemable at any time thereafter at the 
pleasure of the State. 

TC- ***** * 

§ 9. A fund is hereby created which shall be denominated the "Union Military 
Fund," and shall consist of all moneys that maj' come into the Treasury of the State 
from appropriations made by the Congress of the United States to the State of Mis- 
souri, for the purpose of paying the militia forces thereof, or for indemnity for 
expenses incurred in suppressing the rebellion, or by loan for that purpose; and all 
taxes, dues, assessments, tines, and other liabilities that may be levied, assessed, and 
collected for, or may be due or coming to said State, by virtue of this or any other act 
for the special j^urpose of paying the militia; and this fund shall be and is pledged 
for the payment and redemption of all the bonds, principal and interest, which may 
be issued under this act (and shall be set apart Ijy the Treasurer for that purpose 
only), and paid out under its provisions. 

§ 10. Each and every person liable to do and perform military service contained 
within the following classes, shall be exempt from such service during each year on 
the annual payment of a commutation tax in consideration of such exemption equal 
to ten dollars each, and one per cent, upon the assessed value of his property: First, 
all persons who have refused, or who may hereafter refuse, for any cause, to perform 
military service. The commutation ta.x:, in this section provided, shall be assessed 
and collected on assessment rolls, to be made out for each county by such military 
officers as maybe assigned to that duty, and such commutation tax shall be collected 
and paid into the State Treasury as part of said fund, as provided in the next section. 
******* 

§ 14. The governor is hereby authorized and directed to borrow any sum of money 
not exceeding one million five hundred thousand dollars upon bonds of the State, 
.signed by himself and countersigned by the Secretary of State, with the great seal of 
the State attached, not having less than one, nor more than three years to run, at 
seven per cent, interest, with coupons attached for the interest, payable semiannually 
at Jefferson City, Missouri. Said bonds shall be redeemable at maturity, and the 
principal and interest shall be paid out of the INlilitary Fund created by this act. 
The bonds thus issued shall be registered in the secretary's office, and the money 
borrowed thereupon shall be paid out to the Enrolled Militia for active service, as 
prescribed in this act. These Icjans may be obtained from banks, or individuals, in 
Missouri paper. United States Treasury notes made a legal tender, or other current 
funds; and in case said loan is effected, the bonds in this bill provided shall not be 
issued. 

Approved, March 9, 1863. 

[Laws of Missouri, 1863, pp. 25-29.] 

In an act of the leg-islature approved March 23, 1863, the tenth sec- 
tion of the act of March 9, 1803, wa.s so amended as to require the 
annual payment of §130 instead of $10 commutation tax in lieu of 
personal service. 

As reported bv the adjutant-general of the iState (Annual Report, 
1863, p. 30), the provisions of the State law permitting exemption 
from militia duty on the payment of the conunutation tax interfered 
greatly with the efficiency of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, and it was 
found expedient by the governor of the State to order that the law 
should not apply to persons who had been detailed for active service 
in the provisional regiujents unless the payment of the tax had been 
made in advance of the detail. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, | Headquarters State of IMissouri, 

[■ Adjutant-Gexeral's Office, 

No. 14. j ,S7. Louis, April 33, 1863. 

******* 
II. The section in the act of the general assembly, a]iproved IMarch 3, 1863, which 
allows of exemiition from militia duty upon payment of a commutation tax is not 
to be so construed as to allow of an exemption to any person who may be detailed 
for active service in the provisional regiments, unless Ihe payment of the tax shall 
be made before the person shall be detailed for service. All persons, therefore, who 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 71 

are liable to detail, and who desire to obtain exemptions, must comply with the law 
by makinfi the payment immediately. 
By order of the Connnander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, 
Adjutant- General. 
[Annual Report Adjutant-( feneral of Missouri, lS6o, p. 30,] 

Measures were also adopted to compel the service of persons subject 
to niilitarv duty wlio should fail to pay the couunutation tax. The 
orders on this subject were as follows: 

General (Jrdeks, "j Headquarters State of Missouri, 

> Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 23. j St. Lo'ii% September 14, 1S63. 

1. All persons subject to military duty in this State who have been assessed by the 
commissaries of exemption for refusin^j to j)erform militia duty, and who fail to pay 
their conmiutation tax to the i)roper collector, when called on for the same, and 
become delinquent, shall be reported by such collector to the commander of his 
Enrolled Missouri 3Iilitia district, or to such other person as said district commander 
shall desiLrnate. 

The distrii't commander shall cause all such persons to be arrested without delay, 
and re(iuire them to perform militia duty until said tax is fully discharged. If any 
delinquent be considered an improper person to liear arms, he will be required to 
perform fatigue duty. And all such persons will be allowetl the same pay as other 
persons similarly employed in the Enrolled Missouri ^lilitia. 
By order of the Connnander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, 
Adjutant- General. 

[Journal ^lissouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 214.] 

General Orders, \ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

y Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 5. j St. Louis, Febmary m, 1S64. 

I. By direction of the commander in chief, the following officers of the Enrolled 
Missouri Militia are hereby detailed for active service as commissaries of exemptions 
for the counties set opposite their names, for the cusrent year, and will at once enter 
upon the discharge of their duties as such. 

******* 

V. All persons who have heretofore or who shall hereafter fail to pay the com- 
mutation tax, when properly assessed, are required to perform military service until 
said tax is paid, they receiving the pay allowed to other jiersons in the military serv- 
ice of the same grade, and the commissaries of exemptions will cause all such per- 
sons to be arrested and require them to perform fatigue duty until said tax is fully 
discharged. 

By order of ]\Iaj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans: John B. Gray, 

Ad jnf ant-General. 

[Annual Report .\djutaut-General of Missouri, 1864, pp. 38-40.] 

General Orders, ] Headquarters State of Missouri, 

[■ Adjutant-(teneral's Office, 

No. 20. J St. Louis, May 10, 1864. 

******* 

II. Commissaries of exemptions are furthermore directed to forward to the com- 
manding officers of their resjiective districts, upon the date above mentioned, a list 
emV)racing the names and residence of all persons liable to perform militia duty 
within their counties who have failed to enroll in compliance with existing orders, 
and who have been assessed in consequence of such failure, or who have failed to 
pay the t-omnmtation tax when properly called upon, either for the year 1863 or 
1864, in order that such persons may be arrested and required to perform fatigue 
duty until said tax ])e fully discharged, in comi)liance with the i)rovisions of General 
Orders, No. 5, current series, from these headquarters. 

******* 
By order of Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans: 

John B. Gray, 
Adjutant-General of Mismuri. 
[Ibid., p. 43.] 



72 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

OBJECT OF ORGANIZATION, COMMAND, SERVICE, STATUS. 

The object of the organization of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, as 
given in the general orders relating to their enrollment and embodi- 
ment as a military force, need not be here repeated. Contemporane- 
ously with the issue of those orders General Schotield addressed the 
General in Chief, through his assistant adjutant-general, a letter in 
which he said, with regard to the purpose of the organization: 

Headquarters St. Loi'is District, 

St. Louis, Mo., July 36, 1862. 
Col. J. C. Kelton, 

Assistant Adjutant- General, WasJtington, D. C. 

Colonel: I have the honor to inclose, for the information of the major-general 
commanding, copies of orders recently issued h\ the governor of Missouri and 
myself, directing an enrollment of all the militia of the State preparatory to calling 
into service such force as any emergency may render necessary. 

My reasons for adopting this course are the following: Large numl^ers of returned 
soldiers from Price's army, having found their way back to their homes, have 
secretly organized nearly the entire rebel portion of the State and are beginning to 
carry out the declared intention of some of their leaders to wage a war of destruction 
and extermination upon the loyal people, while Price is organizing a force in Arkan- 
sas with the purpose of reentering Missouri, if possible. So inuch has the pro))abi]- 
ity of this result taken hold of the rebel mind in INlissouri that a general rising among 
them is certain unless prompt and vigorous measures l)e taken to put it down. 

Whether any considerable force will attempt to enter Missouri I am hardly able 
to judge, as it depends mainly upon the movements of General Curtis and their 
result. One thing is certain, there is now near the Arkansas line, south of Rolla, a 
much larger force than I can cope with unless I concentrate a large portion of my force 
and leave a corresponding portion of the State to be overrun by guerrillas. This is 
the immediate and pressing necessity which has induced me to call at once for all of 
the militia of the State to be in readiness for any emergency that may arise. The ulti- 
mate and still more important end to be accomplished is to place the State in a condi- 
tion to take care of itseli without expense to the United States, and thus justify a with- 
drawal for more important service of troops in the service and pav of the United States. 
* * *•* *"* * 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. SCHOFIELD, 

Brigadier- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 513.]' 

On August 11, 1862. Governor Gamble, writing to the General in 
Chief, said: 

C)fhcers from Price's army have been for some time recruiting in north Missouri. 
I ordered a general enrollment of militia. 
[Ibid., 13. 557.] 

A few days later it was announced in an order from State headquar- 
ters (General Orders, No. 23, of October 23, 1862): 

Thev are a bodv organized for the purpose of preventing violations of the law of 
the State. 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 89.] 

On Noveml)er 24, 1862, Rrigadier-Cjeneral Warmoth, comnianding 
the Second District, Enrolled Missouri Militia, declared in a circular 
order: "The Enrolled Militia of the State of ^lissouri is in active serv- 
ice for the purpose of maintaining and executing the civil laws of the 
State." The full text of the order is as follows: 

Headquarters Second District, E. M. M., 

Rolla, Norembev 24, 1862. 
The Enrolled Militia of the State of Missouri is in active service for the purpose of 
maintaining and executing the civil laws of the State. This being the principal 
object, it will be well for all militia commanders in this district to fully understand it. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 73 

Tlie laws of the State are for the protection of the Hves, hberty, and the property 
of its citizens. Loyalty is a necessary injjredient to citizenship, and without it no 
man is entitled to jirotection, either for himself or his property. 

Under the laws of the State of Mi.^souri, jn-operty is recognized in slaves. Fre- 
quent letters have been received at these headcjnarters askinjjj the advice of the com- 
manding general in regard to fugitive slaves. 

It h litri'hi/ nnhred, " That the slaves of all loyal citizens who shall escape to the 
lines of the militia of this district shall, upon application and full satisfaction of the 
loyalty of the owner, be given up." 

Whatever policy may be adoi)ted by the Cieneral Govermnent with regard to this 
species of property, it is not for the militia to anticipate, but it is hoped that a spe- 
cial regard will be had for the property of Union men, of whatever description it may 
consist. 

"While our statute books contain legal enactments and provisions recognizing prop- 
erty in negroes, it will be the duty of the militia to protect the owner in the free 
enjoyment of his property. In this way dissimulation and discord will cease, pros- 
perity, peace, and happiness^be welcomed as they return to the hearths of the great 
Commonwealth. 

By order of — 

H. C. Warmoth, 
Brlijadier-Genenil, Coimnandiur/. 

[Ibid., p. 89.] 

On December 5, lSf5i2, General Schotield, in a letter to the president 
of the 8t. Loui.s County assessment board, (jiioted in full in another 
part of this report, stated, in eti'ect. that the purpose of the oroaniza- 
tion was to suppress guerrilla warfare in the State of Missouii, "and 
to preserve the authority of the United States within her borders," 

The objects for which the provisional regiments of Enrolled Mis- 
souri Militia were formed will appear in a chapter devoted to those 
regiments. 

Under date of December 30, 1862, an order was issued by authority 
of the governor of the State (General Orders, No. .50, quoted above), in 
which it was declared: 

The Enrolled ^[ilitia are under the exclusive command of their own officers, 
except when they are l)y express orders placed under the command of United States 
officers, and they will be governed only by such orders as may be issued from these 
[State] headquarters. 

As regards the status of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, Brigadier- 
General Vaughan, commanding the Fifth Military District, said, in a 
general order, dated March 11, 1863: 

Gener.\l Orders, \ Headquarters Fifth Military District, E. M. M., 

No. 3. J Lexington, Mo., March 11, 1S63. 

The E. M. jM. is exclusively a State force, organized by State authority and in 
accordance with State laws, and as such is not amenable to or bound by any other 
law. You are therefore required in all your dealings to obey and enforce the State law. 
By order of — 

BRKi. Gen. R. C. Vaughan, 
Comiiiandlng Fifth Military District, E. M. M. 
[Ibid., p. 90.] 

On April 23, 1863, General Orders, No. 14, were issued from State 
headquarters pi-ohibiting enlistments from the Enrolled ^lilitia into 
the volunteer service of the United States when such militia had been 
detailed for active service. Following is a cop}" of the order: 

General Orders, ~| Headquarters State of Missouri, 

> Ad,iutant-General's Office, 

No. 14. J St. Louis, April 23, 1863. 

1. Hereafter no enlistments will be allowed from any organization of Enrolled 
Missouri Militia into the volunteer service of the United States when such militia 



i 4 MISSOUEI TROOPS — UNION. 

shall have been detaileil for active i^ervice, and shall have Vjeen embodied as a force 
in the field. 

***** -x- * 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, 
uidjutant- General. 
[Ibid., p. 257.] 

On May 29, 1863, the command of the Enrolled Missouri Militia then 
in actual service within the State, including the Provisional Regiments, 
was conferred upon Major-General Schotield, who had been assigned 
to the command of the Department of the Missouri. This was done 
in orders from State headquarters published in general orders from 
headcjuarters Department of the Missouri, as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 45. i St. Louis, May 30, 1863. 

The following order from headquarters State of Missouri, is published for the 
information of all concerned: 

"General Orders, "j "Headquarters State of Missouri, 

[■ "Adjutant-General's Office, 

"No. 17. ] ''St. Louis, May 39, 1863. 

"1. The command of the Enrolled Militia now in actual service within the State, 
including the Provisional Regiments, is conferred upon Maj. Gen. John ]M. Schotield, 
■commanding the Department of the Missouri. 

* ***** * 

"By order of the Commander in Chief: 

"Alexander Lowry, 
" Captain ayid Assistant Adjutant- General." 

Commanding officers of Enrolled Militia in actual service will make the customary 
reports and returns to the commanders of the districts in which they may be serv- 
ing. These returns will be consolidated at district headquarters and forwarded to 
department headquarters in the usual manner, but separate from the return of 
■other troops. 

By cominand of Major-General Schotield: 

A. V. COLBURN, 

Assistant Adjutant- General. 

Under date of July 29, 1863, General Schofield declared, in an order 
from headquarters Department of the Missouri, that the act of Con- 
gress approved March 13, 1862, prohibiting persons in the military 
service of the United States from employing any of the force under 
their command for the purpose of returning fugitives from service or 
labor, applied to the Enrolled Missouri Militia in active service, and 
that they would not be permitted to aid the civil authorities in the 
arrest and return of fugitive slaves. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the ^Missouri, 

No. 75. J St. Louis, Mo., July 29, 1863. 

The act of Congress approved March 13, 1862, prohibits all officers or persons in 
the military service of the United States from emplojdng any of the forces under 
their command for the purpose of returning fugitives from service or labor. 

To prevent misapprehension as to the scope of this prohibition it is hereby 
declared to extend to all troops in this department, including the Enrolled JNIilitia of 
Missouri in active service. 

The latter, being under the command of the major-general commanding the 
department, can not be permitted to aid civil officers in the arrest or return of 
fugitive slaves. 
By command of Major-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 75 

Oi; Aiii',u-t i'». 1S();3, the (^•onoral orders previously issued I'roui State 
hc:id({uarters prohihitiuo' eulistnieuts from the Enrolled Missouri 
Militia into the United States volunteer service were revoked. This 
was done in General Oiders, No. 21, of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, ] Headquarters State or [Missoiri, 

y Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 2]. j St. Louis, AnguM 19, 1863. 

So much of General (^rder-s, No. 14, current series, from the.se headquarters, as 
prohibits enlistments from the Enrolled Militia, while in active service, into the 
volunteer service, is hereby revoked; provided, however, that enlistments out of 
this force shall lie suliject to such restrictions, as may, for the good of the service, be 
made by Major-(Teneral Schofield, commanding that portion of the Enrolled ^lissouri 
Militia which is now in active service. 
By order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Grav, Adjutant- General. 

[Journal Missouri House of Representatives, adjourned session, 1863-64, Part I, 
Appendix, p. 257.] 

And on Auoust 27, ls»;3, the action of the o-overnor in permitting- 
enlistments into the volunteer service of the United States was pro- 
mulgated in general orders from headquarters Department of the 
Missouri, as follows: 

General Orders, \ HEADCiUARTERs Department of the INIissouri, 

No. 89. ( St. Louis, Mo., uiugust 21, 1863. 

Men belonging to the Enrolled ^Militia of ^Missouri, in active service, are permit- 
ted by the order of the governor of Missouri to enlist in United States volunteer 
regiments. But to prevent abuse, it is ordered that when such men are duly enlist e<l, 
their names, with the company to which they belong, and a certificate of tlieir enlist- 
ment, shall be sent by the recruiting officer to the colonel of their regiment, with the 
request for their discharge. The colonel will order their discharge from his regi- 
ment, provided there be no charges aga-inst them. But if they are charged with any 
offense, they will not be discharged, but will be held for trial and punishment. 

No militiaman so enlisted will leave his militia company until he shall receive his 
discharge from the colonel of his regiment. Without such discharge, his enlistment 
in a volunteer regiment will be regarded null and void. 

By command of Major-3eneral Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant A djutant- General. 

On September 17, 1868. it was announced by General Schofield, in 
an order from headquarters Department of the Missouri, that the 
proclamation of the President suspending the privilege of the writ of 
habeas corpus in the cases of persons belonging to the land and naval 
forces of the United States would be held to apply to all Missouri 
militia called into active service under the orders of the department 
commander. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the JNIissouri, 

No. 96. i St. Luiiis, September 17, 1863. 

The prciclamation of the President, dated Washington, Septeml)er 15, 1863, sus- 
pending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the cases of persons belonging 
to the land and naval forces of the United States and other persons therein descril^ed 
will be held to apjily to all Missouri militia called into active service under the orders 
of the department connnander. 

* * * * * * * 

By command of ^Iajor-( ieneral Schofield: 

J. A. Campbell, 
Assistant Adjidant- General. 

On September 26, 1863, the militia of the State, whether in active 
service or not, was placed by the governor under the command of 



76 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Major-General Scholield until further orders. This was done in 
General Orders, No. 24, from headquarters State of ^Missouri, which 
were published in orders from department headquarters, as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 102. ) St. Louis, J/o., September 28, 1863. 

I. The following order from the governor of Missouri is published for general 
information : 

"General Orders, \ "Headquarters State of Missouri, 

"No. 24. J ''St. Louis, September 26, 1863. 

"The militia of the State, whether in active service or not, are hereby placed 
under the command of Maj. Gen. John ]M. Schofield until further orders. 
"Ey order of the Commander in Chief: 

"John B. Gray, Adji>tant-Ge)ieral.'" 

II. All reports and returns of militia not in active service will be made, as hereto- 
fore, to the adjutant-general of the State; and all reports and returns of militia in 
active service will be made to the assistant adjutant-general at these headquarters, 
through the proper subordinate commanders, in the same manner as those of United 
States troops. 

Militia in active service are placed on the same footing as United States troops so 
far as regards their duties and subordination to the district or subordinate command- 
ers under whom they may be serving, but no militia officer will be placed under 
command of a United States officer of a lower grade. 

The militia not in active service are positively prohibited from exercising any 
military authority, making arrests, or doing any other act which troops alone may 
lawfully do. 

******* 

In case of emergency, which will not admit of delay. United States district com- 
manders are authorized to call into active service, for the time being, such additional 
forces from the Enrolled Militia of their districts as they may deem necessary, and 
in such case will assign competent and reliable militia or other officers to their tem- 
porary commands. 

Except in the case mentioned above no additional militia will be called into active 
service except by the orders of the major-general commanding. 

All organizations of a military character, except such as are authorized by law and 
ordered by competent authority, are strictly prohibited. 

Bv order of Major-General Schofield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
A ssistant A dj utant- (general. 

Major-General Schofield was succeeded in the command of the Depart- 
ment of the Missouri by Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans, January 30, 1864, 
and, in General Orders, No. 4, headquarters State of Missouri, dated 
February 2, 1864, General Rosecrans was placed in command ""of all 
the militia of the State,'' thus succeeding to the authority, with respect 
to the State militia, previously' bestowed upon his immediate prede- 
cessor in command of the military department. General Rosecrans 
was succeeded on December U, 1864, by Major-General Dodge, but it 
does not appear that the latter was invested with the command of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militiii. 

In his report (not dated) of operations in jNlissouri and northwestern 
Arkansas from April 10 to November 20, 1862, Brig. Gen. John M. 
Schofield reported, relative to the organization and service of the 
Enrolled Missouri iSlilitia, as follows: 

*«■**** * 

I had hardly made the necessary disi)Osition of my troops to preserve the peace of 
the State, upon the supposition that it was to be protected from invasion by the army 
under General Curtis, when the movement of his force to Helena left the entire 
southern border unprotected and the State exposed to raids of the enemy's cavalry, 
which it was impossible for me to meet without withdrawing protection from the 
homes of loyal people throughout the State, which latter would have been to give 
the entire State over to pillage and destruction. 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 77 

About this time f<iiuim'uct.'(l the execution of a well-devised scheme of the rebel 
Government to olitain larjie reenforcements from Missouri ami ultimately to regain 
possession of the State. A larjre number of Missourians in the rel)el army were sent 
home with connnissions to raise and organize troops for the rebel army. Many of 
these succeeded in secretly passing our lines and in eluding arrest. Some were 
arrested, and others voluntarily surreiidered themselves, professing their desire to 
return to their allegiance, and were permitteil to take the oath of allegiance and 
return to their homes as loyal citizens. Tliese emissaries spread themselves over 
the State, and, while maintaining outwardly the character of loyal citizens or eva<l- 
ing our trooj)s, secretly enrolled, organized, and othcered a very large number of 
men, estimatetl by their friends at from 80,000 to 50,000. Places of rendezvous were 
designated, where all were to assemble at an appointed signal, and, by a sudden coup 
de main, seize the important j)oints in tiie State, surprise and capture our small 
detachments guarding railroads, etc., thus securing arms and ammunition, and 
cooperate with an invading army from Arkansas. At an early day I became aware 
of the impending danger, and asked for cooperation from the force at Helena and 
for reenforcements in ^Missouri. The former was proniiseil, but failed. To the latter 
request I received the reply that none could he furnished. The plan of the enemy 
had already begun to be developed. For the purpose of procuring arms for the large 
force enrolled several bands of considerable strength suddenly sprang into existence 
and attempted the surprise and capture of some of my small detacliments, passing 
rapidly from jiost to post, plundering and murdering the loyal people in their path. 

Thanks to the activity and stubb(jrn resistance of our troops, the rebels met with 
very limited success; but with their failure, although repeatedly beaten by our 
troops, their numbers rapidly augmented. New bands made their appearance in all 
parts of the State and conmienced the work of robbery and murder for which they 
had been organized. A .very large and immediate increase of the force under my 
command could alone save the State. To obtain this force from troops then in serv- 
ice was impossible. None could be spared from any quarter. Under these circum- 
stances I determined to call upon the governor of Missouri for authority to organize 
all the militia of the State and to call into active service such force as might be nec- 
essary to aid me in destroying the guerrilla bands and in restoring a state of peace. 
The authority was readily granted, and the work of enrollment, organization, and 
arming was immediately commeni-ed. 

The difficulties attending the execution of this project of making available the 
entire military power of the State were at first so great, owing to various causes, and 
the results of its successful prosecution have been of so great importance, that the 
subject seems to demand of me more than a passing notice. 

It was the first attempt of the kind in this or any other country under similar cir- 
cumstances, and hence was to a great degree an experiment, in which much wtis to 
be learned l)efore it could be prosecuted to perfect results. The first effect, and 
which was to be expected, was to cause every rebel in the State who could possess 
himself of a weapon of any kind to spring to arms and join the nearest guerrilla band, 
and thus largely and sudclenly iiicreasing the force with which we had to contend, 
while thousand's of others ran to the brush to avoid the required enrollment. On 
the other hand, the loyal men throughout those portions of the State which had 
suffered from rebel outrages rallied at the first call with an eagerness which showed 
how deeply they had suffered and how highly they prized the opportunity of rid- 
ding themselves once and forever of the great evil under which they had so long lived. 

In the city of St. Louis and other portions of the State not subject to guerrilla 
outrages the case was different. The President's order for a general draft of militia 
had not yet been issued but was expected, and this was regarded as a step toward 
preparation for it. Thousands fled from the State to avoid the enrollment. By the 
disloyal of all shades it was assumed as part of a general conscription, intended to 
force them into the ranks to fight against their Southern friends. Many young men, 
who would otherwise have been glad to remain quietly at home, wereinduced by 
these misrepresentations to enter the rebel ranks. Indeed, the question what to do 
with the disloyal among those subject to military duty was the most difficult one to 
settle. Their obligation to do the required service was certainly no less, if not far 
greater, than that of the loyal. It was regarded by the loyal people, and apparently 
with justice, a great hardship that rebel sympathizers should be excused from the 
military duty which was required of those who had l)een faithful to their allegiance. 
Whatever may be said of the policy of embodying unfaithful men in a large army it 
would manifestly have been ruinous in a scattered force, such as the militia must 
often be, and where the loyal would often be outnumbered by the traitors. 

It was first proposed to exempt them upon payment of a certain fee, but this 
proved impracticable. A sum which the poor man in the country could pay was 



78 MISSOLTRI TROOPS UNION. 

ridiculouisly small when required of the wealthy man in the city. ^lany reputed 
loyal men, but more mindful of their comforts than of the salvation of their coun- 
try, would willingly pay a high fee, which the really loyal poor man could not, and 
thus throw upon the shoulders of his poor neighbor the burdens, of which the latter 
was willing to l)ear his share but not the whole. Finally it was determined to take 
the high ground that none but those of approved loyalty should be required or per- 
mitted to Ijear arms in defense of the State. I have had no reason since to doubt 
the correctness of the principle thus established nor the wisdom of the policy pur- 
sued under it. 

Another serious question was how to provide the means for arming, subsisting, and 
clothing this force. A portion of the arms required were supplied from the United 
States Arsenal, but they were of a kind poorly adapted to the service required of the 
militia. Subsistence was entirely denied, and clothing was out of the question. The 
State was entirely wdthout means. 

The calamity under which the State was suffering had been brought upon her by 
the influence of prominent and wealthy persons, thousands of whom were still living 
in the State, and even in the city of St. Louis, enjoying the protection of the Gov- 
ernment, and many of them growing rich upon their countrj^'s calamity. These 
persons even yet did not hesitate to talk and act treason whenever they could do so 
with impunity. They even persuaded young men to join the bands of outlaws who 
were plundering the loyal people and driving them from their homes, and furnished 
them with arms and money. No permanent peace could be expected in the State 
until these aiders of rebellion should be banished or silenced. 

For these reasons, after t'onsultatiou with the governor of Missouri, 1 determined 
to assess and collect from the rebels of St. Louis County the sum of §500,000, to be 
used in arming, clothing, and subsisting the enrolled militia when in active service 
and in providing for those families of militiamen and volunteers which might be left 
destitute. Those living in the country were taxed in furnishing subsistence to the 
troops in pursuit of the enemy. 

A board, composed of five of the most reliable citizens of St. Louis, was appointed 
and directed to assess and collect the. proposed tax. Its work was but little more 
than commenced when my command of the District of INIissouri ceased. 

The enrollment and organization of the militia has been steadily pushed forward 
until the present time, it having been impossible to commence it in some portions 
of the State until very recently, in consequence of the occupation by large bodies of 
the enemy, which have now, however, been driven from the State. 

The number of men already enrolled is 50,900, about 30,000 of whom are armed, 
while the State government has on hand several thousand stand of arms, which may 
be distributed when necessary. I believe it may safely be said that Missouri is now 
in condition to suppress almost instantly any insurrection which can be conceived as 
possible, even if all the troops now in active service were withdrawn from the State. 
She has, at the same time, about 40,000 men in the service of the United States, con- 
sisting of volunteers — 28 regiments of infantry, 10 i"egiments of cavalry, and 16 bat- 
teries of artillery. Militia: Twelve regiments of cavalry, 1 regiment of infantry, and 
2 batteries of artillery. Missouri may now fairly be classed among tlie loyal States. 
May not the experiment which has been so successful here be tried with equal 
promise of success in other States? 

The order for a general enrollment was issued on July 22, 1862. By the 29th of 
the same month about 20,000 men had been organized, armed, and called into active 
service. Many of these were mounted and joined the regular troops in active opera- 
tions in the field; others relieved the forces guarding impoi'tant railroads and depots, 
while some portions of the State were given over entirely to the Enrolled Militia; 
particularly was this the case in the northwestern portion. The entire Northwestern 
Division, under the command of Brigadier-General Loan, was very soon in a condi- 
tion to take care of itself, the other troops being sent first to the Northeastern Division, 
and afterward transferred, with their very efficient commander, to the Central 
Division. 

Brig. Gen. W. P. Hall, of the Enrolled Militia, was assigned to the command of the 
Northwestern Division on August 25, 1862, since which time perfect peace has been 
maintained in that portion of the State without aiiv aid whatever from the United 
States. 

******* 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XIII, pp. 9-12.] 

On October 20, 1863, General Schotield, then major-general of vol- 
unteers, commanding the Department of the Mi.ssotiri. wrote to the 
President relative to the Enrolled JNIissouri Militia: 



ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 7U 

IIeadquakteks Dei'aktmext of the ^IlSSOlRI, 

/S7. />o«(.s, October 20, 1S6S. 
The Pke.sidknt, ]V<tshl)i(j(oii, 7). C. 

Mh. Pkesident: Jn compliance with so nmch of your instructions, dated October 
1, as directs ine to report luy opinion u]ion the availal)iHty for ijood of the Enrolled 
Militia of Missouri, J have the honor to submit the foUowintr: 

The services of the Knrolled Militia have been of ^rreat vahie, not only during the 
sununer of l<S(i2, when they were lirst organized, bin also dnnn<r the present year. 
The ten Provisional Ke'riments which the ixovernor organized for continuous service, 
and placed under my conniiand, enal)kd me to relieve an equal force of United States 
troops and sen<l them to General ( Irant. On several occasions I have called out from 
one to four additional regiments for temporary service, tf) meet emergencies as they 
have arisen. With a few exceptions, they have responded with prom])tness and 
alacrity, and have done good service. As an example, illustrating the value of this 
organization, on the ISth instant I called out the Seventh Regiment of St. Louis to 
relieve troops in the city which I wished to send after Shelby. Within si.x hours 
after the order was made the whole city was under the guard of this regiment and a 
few colored recruits, and the old troops were on their way to .Jefferson City. The 
regiment was just as valuable to me during the short time that its services were 
required as a regiment of regular troops would have been. 

There are some points of objection to the Enrolled INIilitia organization, arising from 
defects in the State laws. ]Militiamen are exempted from active service for one year 
upon ])ayment of the small sum of §;^0. The consequence of this is that, as a rule, 
only the most worthless class of men are found in its ranks. The company othcers 
are elected by the men, and share their social and political prejudices, in addition to 
being generally incompetent, and in some instances disloyal, or at l)est of doubted 
loyalty. To remedy these defects the Provisional Regiments were formed by details 
of both officers and men from all the regiments, eighty in nund)er, of Enrolled 
Militia. In this manner ten regiments were formed for continuous active service of 
as good material as could be expected in a militia organization. They were troops 
of about an average quality, varying, however, greatly, some being very good and 
others very bad. Erom their intimate knowledge of the country and people they 
have been able to render quite as valua1)le service, in most cases, as United States 
troops could have done. In some cases they have been a positive injury, in conse- 
quence of their participation in the unfortunate partisan feeling which has sprung 
up in the State. This fact is the most serious objection to retaining them in service. 
There are also other objections which I will enumerate. This detail, by which the 
active regiments are formed, is an arbitrary conscription, at least in many cases, and 
hence is more odious to the men than a regular draft. "While these troops are sup- 
plied by the United States with quartermaster, commissary, and ordnance stores, 
they must look to the State for pay. The resources of the State available for this 
purpose are now nearly exhausted, and hence if these troojjs serve much longer 
they must do so without ]>ay. It will be impossible to preserve among them the 
discipline and good feeling necessary to their efficiency for any considerable time 
after their pay is stopped. 

For these reasons I have proposed to myself to gradually dispense with the serv- 
ices of thes^e troops as fast as their places can be virtually supplied by new troops 
raised in Missouri for the general service, by volunteering or draft, and as fast as my 
success in Arkansas, and consequent increased security to Missouri, shall iliminish 
the force necessary to be kept in service here. I have every reason to hope that in 
two or three months from this time these ten regiments can all be discharged; while, 
so far from having to recall troojis from the main armies to take their place, addi- 
tional reenforcements can be sent from Missouri to those armies. 

My original design in organizing the militia of ^lissouri was to prepare the entire 
military force of the State so that it could be quickly called into active service in any 
emergency; such, for example, as a raid from Arkansas, thus diminishing greatly 
the United States force necessary to be kept in Missouri. I still propose to carry 
out this ]tlan, i)reserving and perfecting the organization of the militia regiments so 
that they will he availal)le whenever they may l)e requireil. 

For the reasons I have stated, I would not recommend that these troops l)e kejjt 
in continuous service longer than necessary to prevent an actual withdrawal of 
troops from more important service. But I would not, for any reasons whic-h now 
exist, or which I can now foresee, recommend that they be discharged until they 
can be spared without any diminution of the main armies. 

1 have the honor to be, verj' respectfully, your ol;»edient servant, 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Major-General. 
[Ibid., Vol. XXII, Part II, p. 666.] 



■80 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

In Septemlier, 1864, when Missouri was invaded by the Confederate 
forces under Maj. Gen. Sterling- Price, Major-General Rosecrans, then 
in command of the militar}' Department of the Missouri, issued an 
order calling- upon the citizens of the State to rally in its defense, 
stating' that the governor of the State had been informed of the 
threatened raid and requested to call the militia to serve until the 
invaders were destroyed or driven from the State, and on December 
8, 1864, he issued a congratulatory order (General Orders, No. 220), 
in which he returned thanks to the Enrolled Missouri Militia, among 
other troops, "for the zeal and energy with which they performed 
all the duties devolving- upon them in the campaign which brought to 
naught Price's formidable raid and defeated the schemes of the rebels 
and traitors in Missouri and elsewhere against the State and the 
nation." 

Of the service of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, the adjutant-general 
of the State said in his annual report for the year 1863 (p. 22): 

Regiments and parts of regiments were ordered into active service and relieved 
therefrom at various times throughout the State whenever the emergency required 
it, and Ufe and property, either from bands of guerrillas or an invasion of the enemy 
in force, became unsafe in any locality. In doing this a sound discretion was used, 
so as not to involve the State in too great an expense for their payment. 

Again, in the same report (p. 24), the adjutant-general said: 
During the month of January the Enrolled Militia in active service were continu- 
ally engaged in skirmishes and fights with small Ijands of guerrillas and bushwhack- 
ers, in all of which they invariably routed the enemy whenever a fight could be gotten 
out of them or a stand was made. The heaviest engagement in which the enemy 
was in any considerable force was at the battle of Springfield, upon the 8th of that 
month, and the gallant part taken by the Enrolled Missouri Militia, under the com- 
mand of Brigadier-General Holland, in the defense of that point against the attack 
of the greatly outnumbering forces of the rebels under Marmaduke, forms a bright 
page in the history of our State troops. 

In his annual report for the vear 1864, the adjutant-general said 
(p. 37): 

This body of our State forces, thus designated to distinguish it from other local 
troops in the service of the United States, and which is properly the militia of the 
State, has performed an immense amount of duty throughout the State during the 
past year, and has proved a valuable adjunct to the troops in the service of the United 
States in not only repelling invasion in force, but in suppressing the bands of guer- 
rillas and cutthroats which, under the name of "Confederate soldiers," have, in a 
great measure, succeeded in their attempts to desolate Missouri. 

In 1863 a concurrent resolution was passed by the Senate and House 
of Representatives of the State of Missouri as follows: 

Resolved by the Senate {and House of Representatives concurring therein), That a com- 
mittee of two (2) on the part of the senate and three (3) on the part of the house be 
appointed to memorialize Congress to extend to the Missouri State Militia and the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia the benefit of the pension laws of the United States and all 
other laws conferring rights and privileges upon the volunteer soldiers in the United 
States service. 

[Laws of Missouri, adjourned session, 1863-64, p. 102.] 

And in 1864 the following joint resolution was adopted: 

Resolved by the general assembly of the State of Missouri, That our Senators in Con- 
gress be instructed and our Representatives be requested to prepare and support the 
passage of an act through the Congress of the United States to secure to the widows 
and orphans of deceased soldiers of the Enrolled Militia of this State who died or have 
]ieen killed in actual service, and to such soldiers of the same as have been wounded 
in the service of the State in the present rebellion, such pension and bounty as may 
be allowed by the laws of Congress to the volunteer soldiers of the United States. 

Approved, February 15, 1864. 

[Ibid.] 



K^JKUl^LKD MiHSULKl MiLilTlA. Ol 

It does not appear that any .special log-islation has been enacted by 
Oono'ii^ss for the benefit of the EnioUed Missouri Militia, except for 
that portion of the force known as the "Provisional Enrolled Missouri 
Militia"' and certain coni})anies of Citizen Guards, which classes of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia will be treated in this paper under their appro- 
priate desio-nations. It is to be understood, however, that meml)ers of 
the Enrolled Militia who were disa))led by wounds or injuries received 
in engagements with the Confederate forces while temporarily serving 
under the command of United States officers were entitled to the pen- 
sions ])rovi(l(Hl by the general laws (sec. 4098, Revised Statutes) to 
militiamen disabled luider such conditions of service whose claims were 
prosecuted to a successful issue prior to July 4. 1874. 

By an act approved April IT, 1S6(), Congress authorized the reim- 
bursement of the State of Missouri for moneys expended "in enrolling, 
■equipping, subsisting, and pa^yin^ such State forces as have [had] been 
called into service in said State smce the 24th day of August, 1861. to 
act in concert with the United States forces in the suppression of the 
rel)ellion against the United States."" (14 Stat. L., p. 88.) And under 
that enactment the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred in con- 
nection with the organization and service of the Enrolled Missouri 
Militia. 

On September 28, 1878, an opinion was rendered by the Attorney- 
General that the Enrolled Missouri Militia ''did not constitute a part 
of the Army of the United States, but were a force acting from time 
to time in cooperation with it; " "that the order disbanding such troops 
can not be considered the equivalent of an honorable discharge in the 
sense in which those words are used in section 2804, Revised Statutes;" 
and that the persons who served as members of the Enrolled Missouri 
Militia are not, therefore, entitled to the benetits accruing under the 
homestead laws from service in the Armv of the United States. 
(Opinions of the Attorneys-General, Vol. XVl, p. 148.) 

It will be seen from the foregoing that the Enrolled Missouri Militia 
was a State force, organized under the militia law of the State for 
State service; that portions of it served, at various times and for short 
periods, under United States officers, and in cooperation with United 
States troops in defense of the State and, incidentally, in defense of the 
United States; and that such portions of the force as were in active 
service, under proper authorit>\ were subsisted by the United States 
and were paid I)}' the State, as State troops, for which payment and 
the expenses of organization and service the State was reimbursed by 
the United States under special legislation providing therefor. 

Three companies of the First Regiment and four companies of the 
Sixty-third Regiment were mustered into the United States service in 
1864, the former to serve thirty da3"s and the latter to serve sixt}" days. 
During the short periods mentioned these companies were in the mili- 
tar}' service of the United States, 

As before stated in this paper, the Enrolled Missouri Militia num- 
])ered 85 regiments, 16 battalions, and 83 independent companies, not 
includingthe companies of Citizen Guards having the status of Enrolled 
Missouri Militia. It may also be stated that this enumeration does 
not include the Provisional Regiments and Provisional Companies 
formed by detail from the Enrolled Missouri Miltia. 

S. Doc. 412 6 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 



As stated in the last preceding chapter, the crisis which had called 
for the general armhig of the people of the State had measurably 
passed away (Annual Report of the Adjutant-General of Missouri, 
1863, p. 27), and it was decided by the governor to organize a "'picked 
force of men," to be detailed from the different regiments of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia, ''for a more permanent service," to consist 
of those of the original force "who could most easily be spared from 
their ordinary avocations, having Imt few if anv others dependent upon 
their labor for support." Accordingly, on the 3d of February, 1863, 
a letter was addressed to the commanding general of the Eighth Mili- 
tary District of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, as follows: 

Headquarters State of Missouri, Adjutant-General's Office, 

St. Louis, February S, 1863. 
Brig. Gen. T. J. BARTHOL(nv, 

Commanding EighUi Military District of Missouri, Glasgow, Mo. 

General: By direction of the Commander in Chief, you are instructed to detail 
from the organized force of Enrolled Militia within the Eighth Military District, for 
active service, 24 mounted companies, of approved loyalty and efficiency, to be pro- 
visionally commanded as follows: 

First. Each company will consist of 80 noncommissioned officers and privates,, 
with 1 captain, 1 first and 1 second lieutenant. For this special service you will 
divide this force into two commands of 12 companies; each command divided into 
3 battalions of 4 companies each, and will assign to each command 1 colonel, 1 lieu- 
tenant-colonel, 3 majors, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster (who will act as commissary), 
1 surgeon, and 2 assistant surgeons. And for this purpose you will detail from the 
regiments of your 'district 2 colonels, 2 lieutenant-colonels, 6 majors, 2 adjutants, 2 
quartermasters, 2 surgeons, and 4 assistant surgeons, whom you know to be relial)le 
and efficient officers for this duty. 

For the purpose of regularity in reports, returns, etc., these commands will be 
known respectively as the First and Second Provisional Regiments of the Eighth 
Military District, Enrolled Missouri Militia. 

As soon as these details are effected you will cause a consolidated report to be for- 
warded to the adjutant-general, giving the names of all commissioned otficers, their 
rank, and from what regiments of Enrolled Militia assigned, with the total of non- 
commissioned officers and privates. 

Duplicate nmster rolls will be made of each company, showing the letter by which 
it is designated, as also duplicate field and staff rolls, one of each of which will be 
forwarded to the adjutant-general at the same time with the consolidated report. 
As it is designed that this force shall be kept in active service continuously as long 
as their service may be required, you will direct that periodical muster rolls be made 
in the manner prescribed liy Army Regulations. 

These commands, while in active service, will be governed by the rules and regu- 
lations of the United States Army and the Articles of War contained in Revised Army 
Regulations; and as the design of this force is to repress any attempt at insurrection 
and to prevent any combinations for rebellion against the Government and to main- 
tain the laws of the State, you are enjoined to hold every officer to a rigid account- 
a])ility in regard to his immediate command, and suppress at once, with a strong 
hand, any attempt at marauding, plundering, or insubordination of any kind. 
Immediately upon these details being completed you will make the necessary 
requisitions for clothing and camp equipage upon the quartermaster-general, who 

82 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. bd 

will be instructed to fill the requisitions upon the approval of the governor. For 
the necessary supply of arms you will issue the anus heretofore issued to troops of 
your district, so far as the same may be required, taking care, as far as possible, to 
arm each battalion with the same caliber. It is deemed unnecessary to go further 
into details, as these will suggest themselves in the process of com])leting theconunands. 
Great conlidence is reposed by his ext'eilency in the energy and fidelity of the gen- 
eral commanding in carrying oat these instructions promptly, and much good will 
result from a hearty cooperation of the officers and men detailed for this duty. 
Very respectfullv, vour obedient servant, 

W.M. D. WooiJ, 
Acting Ad]utnn1-nener(d Missouri. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
II, p. 95.] 

A similar letter was addressed to each of the other commanding 
generals of the militar}' districts of the P^nrolled Missiouri Militia, 
moditied in some instances as to the nmiiber of regiments and com- 
panies to })e organized. 

The result of these instructions was the formation of eleven regi- 
ments, denominated Provisional Regiments, Enrolled Missouri Militia, 
and one company of the T\vent3^-sixth Provisional Regiment. 

One etfect of the organization of these Provisional Regiments, as was 
intended, was the relief from duty of a large portion of the original 
force of Enrolled Missouri Militia, which was thereafter to be called 
into active service only in cases of emergency, while the Provisional 
Regiments were intended for "a more permanent service," or, as 
stated in the orders for their organization, to be "kept in service con- 
tinually " as long as their services might be required. Another result, 
as stated by the adjutant-general of the State (Annual Report of 1863, 
p. 27), was that the effectiveness of the militia was "greatly increased, 
for, although the number of men in service was in the aggregate 
fewer, still that loss would be more than counterbalanced by the degree 
of discipline which could be obtained in a permanent organization, so 
to speak, commanded by judiciously selected officers." 

To prevent the organization of dislo3'al men into companies of the 
Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia an order was issued from State 
headquarters, February 19, 1863, which has been quoted under the 
title of " Enrolled Mis.souri Militia." 

On Ma}" 29, 1863, in orders from headquarters State of Missouri, 
the command of the Enrolled Missouri Militia then in actual service, 
including the Provisional Regiments, was conferred upon Major- 
General Schofield, commanding the Department of the Missouri, and, 
in General Orders, No, 47, of June 7, 1863, from department head- 
quarters, it was announced that, under authority from the War 
Department, clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and medical sup- 
plies would be furnished by the United States to the Enrolled 
Missouri Militia (including the Provisional Regiments) in active service. 

On September 26, 1863, all of the militia of the State, whether in 
active service or not, was placed by the governor under the command 
of General Schoffeld, as military commander of the Department of the 
Missouri, who, on September 28, announced the following: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 102. j St. Louis, Mo., September ^8, 186S. 

******* 

Militia in active service are placed on the same footing as United States troops, so 
far as regards their duties and subordination to the district or subordinate com- 



84 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

manders under whom they may he serving; hut no militia officer will lie placed 
under command of a United States officer of a lower grade. 

******* 
The following regiments of Enrolled Missouri Militia are now in active service, viz: 
First Provisional Regiment, Col. J. B. Douglass, commanding; Second Provisional 
Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Harrison, commanding; Third Provisional Regiment, 
Col. Bennett Pike, commanding; Fourth Provisional Regiment, Col. J. B. Hale, 
commanding; Fifth Provisional Regiment, Col. Henry Neill, commanding; Sixth 
Provisional Regiment, Col. Henry Sheppard, commanding; Seventh Provisional 
Regiment, Col. J. D. Allen, commanding; Eighth Provisional Regiment, Col. Wm. 
H. McLane, commanding; Ninth Provisional Regiment, Col. Thos. L. Crawford, 
commanding; Twenty-sixth Provisional Regiment, one company, Captain Kelly, 
commanding. 

******* 
By order of Major-General Schofleld: 

C. ^y. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

On January 30, 1864, Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans assumed command 
of the Department of the Missouri, and on Februaiy 2, 1864, he was 
invested with the command of the militia of the State. 

The Tenth and Eleventh Provisional Regiments were disbanded pur- 
suant to special orders from State headquarters, dated September 18, 
1863, of which the following- is a copj^: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Depaetment of the Missouri, 

No. 255. J St.. Louis, Septentber IS, 1863. 

******* 

5. The emergency for which the Tenth and Eleventh Provisional Regiments, 
Enrolled Missouri Militia, were called into active service having passed, they will be 
discharged from further service, except the mutineers of the Eleventh Regiment, 
Mdio will be confined at hard labor until further orders. 

6. The leading mutineers of the Eleventh Provisional Regiment, Enrolled Missouri 
Militia, to be selected Vjy the commanding officer of the regiment, will be confined in 
the military prison and tried by general court-martial. All others engaged in the 
mutiny will be sent under guard to Rolla, Mo., where they will be confined at hard 
laljor until further orders. 

******* 

By command of Major-General Schofield: 

Fkank Eno, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Book No. 94, Department of the Missouri, p. 69.] 

On May 8, 1864, as reported b}" General Rosecrans, then command- 
ing the Department of the Missouri, but thirty -five companies of the 
Provisional Regiments remained in service. Of these thirty-five com- 
panies, two regiments, the Sixth and Seventh, were mustered into the 
militar}' service of the United States for the period of twenty months 
from November 1, 1863, and were finally designated the Sixteenth and 
Fifteenth Regiments Missouri Cavalry, respectiveh^ The date of the 
disbandment of the remaining companies has not been found of record. 
As reported b}" the adjutant-general of the State (Annual Report of 
1865, p. 43). the Enrolled Missouri Militia, which embraced the 
Provisional Regiments, if any, then in service, w^as disbanded March 
12, 1865, under the provisions of section 26 of an act of the State 
legislature, approved Februar}^ 10, 1865, quoted in the preceding 
chapter. However, as also stated by the adjutant-general, '"but few 
companies remained in active service up to the tiuie of disbandment, 
and they were chiefly those organized under General Orders, No. 107, 
Department of the Missouri, series of 1864,'' hereafter to be referred to. 

The objects of the organization of the Provisional Regiments, as 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 85 

stated in the orders for their formation, quoted above, were: (1) 
"To repress any attempt at insurrection;-' (2) "To prevent any com- 
binations for rebellion against the Government;" and (3) "To main- 
tain the lidrs of the State.'' The italicized words just quoted were 
emphasized by the adjutant-g'eneral of the State in his annual report for 
the year I8^i3. Other reasons for the organization of the Provisional 
Kegiments, as already shoAvn, Avere: (1) The crisis which called for a 
general arming of the people had passed; (2) a reduced force under 
the new plan of organization woulcl be as eli'ective as a larger force 
not subject to the same degree of discipline; (3) a large portion of 
the original force would be relieved from active service. 

Reports and orders I'elative to the character and services of the 
Enrolled Missouri Militia, either direct!}' or indirect!}' applicable to 
the Provisional Regiments, have already been quoted in this paper 
under the head of "'Enrolled Missouri Militia." The following addi- 
tional mention by General Schotield of the Provisional Regiments is 
here given as pertaining exclusively to the history of those organizations: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., December 10, 1863. 
Col. E. D. TowxsEND, Asmtmit A<ijnt(mt- General, Washington, D. C. 

Colonel: I have the honor to submit a general summary of miUtary operations in 
this department since the 2-4th of May, 1863, when I assumed this command. 

In addition to the above, the governor of Missouri had commenced the organiza- 
tion of nine regiments of militia, styled "Provisional Regiments," intended for con- 
tinuous active service. A portion of this militia had been in active service for a 
considerable length of time, but not under the orders of the department commander, 
and not acting in concert with the United States troops. At my suggestion the gov- 
ernor placed these nine regiments under my command, whereupon the AVar Depart- 
ment gave me authority to supply them with everything necessary to their efficiency, 

and they became a real addition to the effective force in the department. 

* * ■ * ■* * * * 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. Schofield, Major- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, 
Part I, pp. 12, 13.] 

The members of the Provisional Regiments Enrolled Missouri 
jNlilitia, organized under the authority of the governor of the State 
of February 3, 1863, were (officers and enlisted men) simply detailed 
from the regiments of Enrolled Missouri Militia, and their military 
status was precisely the same as that of the original force. They were 
Missouri militia organized under the militia law of the State for 
State service, were paid by the State, and while on duty under the 
command of United States officers were clothed and subsisted by the 
United States. Like the original force, they served in defense of the 
State of Missouri and incidentally in defense of the United States. 
But their service was of a more permanent character than that of the 
regiments from which they were detailed, and probably for that 
reason a pensionable status was given them which was not extended 
to members of the original organization who were not detailed for 
membership of the Provisional Regiments. Like the Missouri State 
Militia organized under the provisions of War Department General 
Orders, No. 96, of 1861, the surviving officers and enlisted men of the 
Provisional Regiments, and the heirs of those deceased, acquired a 
pensionable status under the general law by a provision of section 8 



86 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. 

of the act of March 3, 1873, entitled "An act to revise, consolidate, 
and amend the laws relating to pensions." The clause referred to 
reads as follows: 

Sec. 8. * * * That the provisions of this act are hereby extended to and made 
to embrace the officers and privates of the * * * and the Provisional ^lissouri 
Militia, disabled by reason of injury received or disease contracted in the line of duty 
while such militia was cooperating with United States forces, and the widow or chil- 
dren of any such person dying of injury received or disease contracted under the 
circumstances herein set forth shall be entitled to the benefits of this act: Provided, 
That the pensions on account of such militia shall not commence prior to the date of 
the passage of this act. That the provisions of this section shall be so interpreted as 
to apply to the widows, child, or children of officers and privates of the * * * 
and the Provisional Missouri Militia, if the husband or father was wounded or con- 
tracted the disease of which he died while in the service of the Government of the 
United States. 

******* 

Approved, March 3, 1873. 
[17 Stat. L., pp. 569, 570.] 

The provisions of the pension act of June 27, 1890, were subse- 
quently extended to the members of the Provisional Regiments and 
their representatives b}- a joint resolution approved February 15, 1895, 
of which the following is an extract: 

JOINT RESOLUTION to restore the status of the Missouri Militia who served during tlie late war. 

Resolved by the Senate cmd House of Representatives of the United States of Anierim in 
Congress assembled, That the provisions of the act of June twenty -seventh, eighteen 
hundred and ninety, be, and are hereby, extended to include the officers and pri- 
vates of the * * * and the Provisional Missouri Militia who served ninety days 
during the late war of the rebellion and were honorably discharged, and to the 
widows and minor children of such persons. The provisions of this act shall include 
all such persons now on the pension rolls, or who may hereafter apply to be admit- 
ted thereto. 

Approved, February 15, 1895. 

[28 Stat. L., p. 970.] 

With the exception of the Sixth and Seventh Regiments, whose 
muster into the United States service has been referred to, none of the 
Provisional Regiments of Enrolled Missouri Militia was in the mili- 
tary service of the United States, 

As already stated, the Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia num- 
bered eleven regiments and one company. 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MILITIA. 



The "Provisional Enrolled Militia," or "Provisional ('ompanies of 
Enrolled Missouri ^Militia/' as the organizations of this force are des- 
ignated by the adjutant-general of the State in his official reports, was 
entirely separate and distinct from the " Provisional Enrolled Missouri 
Militia" referred to in the preceding chapter. 

The Provisional Enrolled ]\Iilitia was organized under General 
Orders No. 107, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated 
June 28, 1864, of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 107. / St. Louis, Mo., June 28, 1864- 

People of Missouri: 

For several months I have been carefully considering your situation, influenced 
by a due sense of the responsibility of my position and a sincere desire for your 
welfare. 

With a great and populous State, a fertile soil, vast mineral wealth, supplied with 
outlets by water and railroad for all your productions, no actual war within your 
borders for the last two years, and yet plundering, robbery, and arson have pre- 
vailed everywhere to a certain extent, except at points garrisoned by troops and 
some few strictly loyal sections of the State. 

Daily appeals come to me from all quarters, invoking protection for persons, prop- 
erty, industry and its fruits, accompanied by assurances from all, without regard to 
political or sectional sympathies, that the great mass of the people are ready and 
willing to unite for the preservation of the public peace against those who, in viola- 
tion of every law of war and humanity, under the title of Confederate soldiers, 
guerrillas, and bushwhackers, invade, plunder, and murder the peaceful inhabitants 
of your State. 

With this condition of things in view, being fully determined as far as possible 
.to restore civil law and order, and persuaded that you have the intelligence and 
public spirit to see that the question whether you will have a government of law 
and order or one of brute force is before you to be met, and that you are ready to 
forego all party considerations to cooperate with the military authorities for the 
purpose of securing protection, I have determined upon the following measures: 

First. You are requested immediately, by public meetings in townships or coun- 
ties, to unite in saying whether you will take the ground above indicated or not; 
and nonaction will be considered as a refusal to aid in the work of peace and pro- 
tection. Township committees of public safety, composed of three of the most dis- 
creet citizens, in whom all will have confidence, should be chosen at these meetings, 
to correspond with a committee of live similarly selected in each county, who will 
correspond with the local district commanders, and through them with department 
commanders, as often as necessary, giving them such advice and information as may 
be useful against the public and private enemies of your peace and safety. 

By agreement with the governor of this State, you will choose and organize, out of 
the "Enrolled State Militia of your locality, one or two companies of about 100 men 
each, selected for courage, energy, and willingness to serve for the protection of your 
respective counties. 

They ought to be so chosen as to coumiand the confidence of citizens generally, 
without regard to party, and the best officers selected and recommended by the 
proper Enrolled ■Militia colonels and brigadier-generals of the districts in which 
they belong, approved by the United States district commander, who will forward 
these names and the rolls of the men to his excellency the governor, through these 

87 



88 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

headquarters, as soon as possible, upon which commissions and orders will be issued 
from the State headquarters for arming, equipping, and calling the men into service, 
so far as may hi deemed necessary for the ends of local defense. 

Such organizations will hi paid by the State when actually on duty, l)ut in all 
cases they must be on duty with the approval of the go.vernor to receive pay. 

In organizing these forces and in all local measures for active defense after organ- 
ization, the district commanders of this department and the brigadier-generals of the 
various districts of the Enrolled Missouri ^lilitia are desired to cooperate and consult 
constantly and freely. 

I confidently rely upon all good men in the State to unite in this movement in 
behalf of humanity and for the protection of life and property. I am fully per- 
suaded if you do so unite with zeal, energy, and in good faith a short time will restore 
a state of profound quiet within your now distracted borders. 

W. S. ROSECRAN^, 

Major- General, Commanding. 

District commanders are charged with the prompt publication of this order^so far 
as practicable, to every citizen resident within the limits of their commands and 
will afford all necessary aid and protection to the meetings which may be called. 
By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

In his address to " Missourians," in General Orders, No. 134, of 
July 28, 1864, General Rosecrans said: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, 3fo., July 28, 1864. 
General Orders, \ 
No. 134. i 

Missourians: 

******* 

To enable you to cope with small roving squads of guerrillas, the commanding 
general urged you, in General Orders, No. 107, to organize and select trustworthy 
companies of your citizens, to be armed and empowered to act as Provisional Enrolled 
Militia for local defense, and trusts you will comi^lete the rolls, carefully revise and 
submit them, through the channels prescribed, for his approval, without delay. 
* * * * * * * 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

And in General Orders, No. 192, of October 9, 1864, General Rose- 
crans referred to General Orders, No. 107, as "having been promul- 
gated to provide for local defense against bands of bushwhackers and 
other disturbers of the public peace, and for the maintenance of law 
and order more effectually than could be done by calling out the 
Enrolled Militia, as well as to engage all good citizens in the work." 

Sixty-two companies of Provisional Enrolled Militia were organized 
under the provisions of General Orders, No. 107, quoted above. But 
little information has been obtained relative to their service, but from 
data filed in the office of the Commissioner of Pensions it appears that 
some of these Provisional Companies "were brought into active service 
and sustained heavy losses outside of the counties to which they 
belonged." (Digest of Pension Laws, Decisions, etc., 1885, p. 309.) 
Some of them are known to have "remained in active service" until 
March 12, 1865, when they were disbanded under the provisions of 
the act of the Missouri legislature, apj^roved Februar}^ 10, 1865. 
(Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, p. 43.) 

As required by the order for their organization, the members of the 
Provisional Companies of Enrolled Missouri IMilitia were chosen "out 
of the Enrolled State Militia," but as appears from the annual report 



PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MILITIA. 89 

of the udjutiint-o-enoral of the State for the year 1S(U (pao-p 872) the 
coiiipauics were *" organized ])oth by voUinteeriiig and detail." The 
object of tlieir organization is clearly shown. They were organized 
for local and temporary service, in their ''respective counties,'' for 
protection ao-ainst the outrages of guerrilla l)ands, were to be armed 
and ecjuipped by the State, and were to be paid b}' the State, "when 
actuall}' on duty, * * * with the approval of the governor." 
Their militar}- status did not dili'er in any essential respect from that 
of other bodies of the Enrolled Missouri Militia in the State service. 
They were not in the military service of the United States. 

It has been decided by the Interior Department that the members of 
these local companies are not of the class of Provisional Missouri 
Militia to which a pensionable status was given l)y section 8 of the act 
of March 3, 1873 (section 4722, Revised Statutes), and the joint reso- 
lution of February 15, 1805. (Decisions of the Department of the 
Interior, Pension and Bounty Land, Vol. VIII, pp. 518-530.) In this 
respect they differ from the Provisional Regiments, Enrolled Missouri 
Militia, which were organized for a more permanent service. 

As before stated, the Provisional Enrolled Militia numbered sixty- 
two companies. 



MISSOURI MILITIA, ORGANIZED UNDER AUTHORITY 
OF STATE GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 3, OF JANUARY 
30, 1865. 



The Enrolled Missouri Militia was disbanded March 12, 1865, under 
the provisions of section 26 of the State militia act approved Februarj^ 
10, 1865. This section reads as follows: 

Sec. 26. All organizations of the Enrolled Missouri Militia shall cease to exist on 
the expiration of thirty days after the approval of this act, and the commissions of 
all officers of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, including all commissions issued to per- 
sons on the staff of the governor, prior to January 1, 1865, shall be deemed to be 
vacated on that day. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, p. 43.] 

In anticipation of the passage of this act and the consequent retire- 
ment from active service of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, and also 
because of the approaching muster out of the Missouri State Militia, 
measures were taken b}" Major-General Dodge, then commanding the 
Department of the Missouri, in cooperation with the State authorities, 
to replace these troops bv a body of men who, as stated by the adju- 
tant-general of the State in his annual report of 1865 (p. 52), " would 
be more eifective and available, and at the same time less expensive 
to the State." 

On January 7, 1865, General Dodge addressed the governor of the 
State on the necessity for a new organization of the militia, suggest- 
ing the formation of companies in certain counties. Following is a 
copy of his letter: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., January 7, 1865. 
His Excellency Thomas C. Fletcher, 

Governor of Missouri. 
Governor: I think we should, as early as possible, get an organization in all the 
disloyal counties, especially in those bordering on the Missouri River. If the legis- 
lature passes a bill with no exemption clause and classifies the enrollment, say we 
call out, arm, and equip the first class, and put 100 men on duty in each of the above- 
mentioned counties under experienced, tried, and undoubtedly loyal men; get the 
start of all guerrillas, etc. Bj^ this means the running from one county to another 
by these bands will be prevented. The Government can, I understand, feed these 
men. Let the counties pay them. It is no more than right that the disloyal coun- 
ties should pay for their own protection, and this would do away with all complaint 
as to pay. The district commander could have these men under his command, and, 
if necessary, we could place subdistrict commanders over them from some of our old 
regiments. As soon as you adopt the plan for a militia bill I will put the district 
commanders to work to organize these companies and hold all loyal men in these 
counties. Above all things get, if possible, in the counties referred to, old soldiers 
for commanders — men who have been tried and in regard to whose standing there 
can be no douljts. It seems to me we ought to have 100 men on duty in each of the 

90 



MISSOT'RI MILITIA, GKNERAL ORDERS, NO. 3, 18(55. 91 

counties on the Mif^.suuii River within tlie next sixty days. Tliere are a larjje num- 
ber of othcers returnin<: from Sherman's army who couM he n-seil to <roo(l ailvantage 
in this work. Let me hear from you. 

Very respeetfully, sir, your oljedient servant, 

(i. M. DoiHiE, Major-General. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLVIII, 
Part I, p. 449.] 

The conditions existing- in Missouri :it tliis time, and espt'ciiilly in 
tho northern coitnties. were discussed in a correspondence of which 
the following is a cop^': 

Executive M.xxsiox, 
Washington, Janvjiry 15, 1865. 
Major-General Dodge, 

St. Louis, Mo.: 

It is represented to me that there is so mucli irrejrular violence in northern Mis- 
souri as to be driving away the people and almost depopulating it. Please gather 
information, and consider whether an appeal to tlie peo}>le there t(^goto their homes 
and let one another alone, recognizing as a full right of jirotection for each that he 
It^ts others alone, and barring only him who refuses to let others alone, may not 
enable you to withdraw tlie troops — their presence itself a cause of irritation and 
constant apprehension — and tiius restore peace and quiet and returning i)rosperity. 
Please consider this, and telegraph or write me. 

A. Lincoln. 

[Ibid., p. 535.] 



Headqcahteks Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, January 15, 1865. 
Governor Fletcher, 

Jefferson City: 
President Lincoln telegraphs me that it is represented to him that there is much 
irregular violence in northern ^Missouri. That on account of this it is being almost 
depopulated, and suggests the propriety of withdrawing the troops and calling upon 
the citizens to return, and recognizing as a full right to each that he let the other 
alone. Do you believe any such policy would have the desired effect? I have not 
heard of many cases that he sjaeaks oi". Consider this private and answer by tele- 
graph. 

G. M. Dodge, Major-General. 
[Ibid., p. 535.] 



Jeffer.sox City, January 16, 1865 
Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge: 

I have heard of sonie Union men being killed in north Missouri and of some rebels 
moving away. Xo Union man wants the troops withdrawn from here. The Union 
men will return and be organized uniler new military law and can then defend them- 
selves. I will consent to no bargains with rebels. All we want is discipline in the 
troops we have and those to be organized. I do not 1)elieve the {policy mentioned bj' 
you would have any good effect, and think it has been suggested by the same men 
who iiave t)ecn conii>romising with the enemy since the war began. I had hoped the 
President would not listen to their counsels again. 

Thos. C. Fletcher, 
Governor of Missouri. 
[Ibid., p. n47.] 



Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

.SY. Louis, Mo., January 16, 1865. 
Hon. Abraham Lincoln, 

President of tim I'mted States, ]\'asliinr/lon, D. C. 
Dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your telegram of the 
15th instant. Since I assumed command here the troubles in north Missouri have 
increased, from the fact that the troops that were in those counties infested by 
guerrilla bands were nearly all withdrawn by me to send to General Thomas, but 
there is no doubt that this country is now more quiet than it has been Ijefore for 
three years. Where these tmuliles exist the people are to a great extent disloyal, 
and it is the protection, aid, and sympathy that they give to the enemy and to out- 



92 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

laws that causes these troubles. One class (the disloyal) desires all troops with- 
drawn, while the other (the loyal men) petition to have more sent. The fact is that 
unless troops are kept in the Missouri River counties no loyal people can live there. 
I have consulted with Governor Fletcher in relation to this matter, and so far as 
possible we have endeavored to quiet these troubles. Three thousand men left 
these counties and joined Price last fall. Many of them are now sneaking back and 
going into the bush to operate. The people who are leaving are mostly those whose 
friends are in the rebel army, or whose sympathies are with the rebels, and those 
who expect to be disfranchised, and who have but very little, if any, sympathy 
with our Government. They do not leave on account of depredations committed 
upon them by the troops, but through fear of action of the State convention. I 
believe most of the loyal men, and those who have determined to l)ecome loyal, 
are determined to stay. Those of them that do go flee from guerrillas, which no 
order or proclamation would reach. The bushwhackers can only be put down and 
kept down by holding the citizens who aid, feed, and harbor them responsible. 
Loyal local organizations I consider the best troops to keep these outlaws under, and 
I had settled in my own mind upon the policy to pursue, viz: As soon as the State 
legislature passes the new militia bill, to raise under it 100 men from each of these 
disloyal counties, place them under competent and relial^le officers, citizens of the 
State who have seen service. Let the Government arm, equip, and feed them,, and 
the counties pay them. Place one of these companies on duty in each of the dis- 
loyal counties where these troubles exist; withdraw therefrom the United States vol- 
unteers, and call ui)on tlie citizens to support and aid these organizations. To a great 
extent they will cheerfully do it. Those who will not, and who persist in giving 
aid to bushwhackers, to be sent out of the department. I have issued stringent orders 
to all the troops in regard to committing depredations and acts through personal 
enmity, and good effects are hereby being produced. I hear of but very few depreda- 
itons by troops recently, but bushwhackers are robbing and murdering in many places. 
During the winter it is to the interest of these outlaws and their friends to keep our 
troops away. As soon as spring comes they expect to ol)tain reenforcements from 
the South, and even from the loyal States, where many have gone to winter, and 
who, when the leaves come, will all return. What troops I have are kept very 
active, and they are doing good work in the way of breaking up guerrillas and 
marauding bands. The troops in north Missouri are nearly all Missouri State 
Militia, whose term of service is fast expiring. Their discipline has been very lax, 
and on account of the defective nature of that organization, they have not been 
efficient. I have taken measures to hold the officers responsil)le for the discipline 
and acts of these troops. I do believe that the system of local organization that 
I intend to inaugurate will prove effective for the special reason that we will have 
the selection of the officers, and most of them will be old, tried, and experienced 
soldiers, fully imbued with the right sentiment, and feeling a personal interest in 
restoring law and order. Allow me to assure you that the course you propose would 
be protested against by the State authorities, the legislature, the convention, and by 
nearly every loyal man in north Missouri, while it would receive the sanction of 
nearly everj' disloyal, semiloyal, and noncommittal person there. All such could, 
under that course, live, and would would want to stay in that country, while every 
loyal man would have to leave those counties where the disloyal sentiment is in the 
ascendency. I take it that the only sure road to peace in this State is through the 
aid and support of its undoubtedly loyal population, and with the organization I 
speak of I am satisfied I can restore and maintain quiet in north Missouri. It is my 
wish and earnest endeavor to have every person in the State and elsewhere to come 
up firmly to the support of the Government, no matter what their antecedents are, 
and I have in my orders and instructions to my troops commanded them to give all 
encouragement, aid, and protection in their power to any and every person who 
shows an honest and earnest desire and intention to support the Government, and 
assist in putting down guerrilla warfare. I herewith inclose my Order, No. 7, * 
which embodies some of the views in your dispatch, and which will receive the 
cordial indorsement and cheerful support of every person in the State who is not 
aiding and abetting the bushwhackers, or who are so disloyal that they would not 
agree to or approve of anything issued by a Federal officer. 

I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, j'our obedient servant, 

G. M. Dodge, 
Major-General. 

[Ibid., p. 546.] 

* This order does not relate to the organization of troops and is not, therefore, 
re reproduced. 



MISSOURI MILITIA, OENKKAL ORDERS, NO. H, ISfio. MO 

On fJanuiirv 2o. 1865, iTenoral Dodo-e requested of the governor the 
oroaniziition of thirty-one companies for service in certain counties 
and localities. Following* is a cop}' of his letter of that date: 

IlEAIXjrARTEKS DErAHTMEXT OF THE MiSSorRI, 

SI. Louis, Mo., Jnnnary 23, 1865. 
Tho>!AS C. Fletcher, 

(jorernor of Mis.fonri. 

Governor: I respectfully request that companies of militia l)e raised by volunteers 
from such classes as you deem l)est for service in each of the foUowin": counties: 

Mounted: One company for Warren and .Montgomery; one company for Callaway 
and Audrain; one com])any for l^oone; one company for Ralls, Monroe, and Marion; 
one company to l)e raised at Hannibal; one comi)any for Howard; one com])any for 
Randolph; one company for Chariton; one com])any for Carroll and Livinjiston, to 
be stationed in Carroll; one company for Ray and Caldwell, to be stationed in Ray; 
one company for Clay and Clinton, to be stationed in Clay; one company for Platte; 
one company for Jackson; one company for La Fayette; one company for Saline; 
one company for Cooper and ^loniteau; one company for Osage and Maries; one 
company for Stoddard; one company for Johnson; one company for Pettis; one com- 
pany for ^Nloroan; one company for Mississippi; one company for Scott; one com- 
pany for Perry, one company for New ^Madrid; one company for Cape Girardeau; 
one company for Sainte Genevieve. 

Infantry: One company for bridge on Pacific Railroad; one company for bridge on 
Southwest P>ranch [Pacific] Railroad; one company for bridge on Iron Mountain 
Railroad; one company for bridge on North ^Missouri Railroad. 

As soon as raised to be turned over to the subdistrict commanders for the respec- 
tive counties. I will order them subsisted as soon as they rendezvous. I most 
earnestly request that none but experienced officers and also old soldiers be placed at 
the head of these organizations — men who will enforce orders and maintain strict 
discipline. The Government will issue clothing, forage, arms, and equipments ( when 
the State has not sufficient arms and equipments to supply them, already issued to 
the Enrolled ^Missouri ^lilitia) upon proper requisitions. I deem it important that 
this force be put in the field within the next thirty days. 

I am, governor, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

G. M. Dodge, 
Major- Grneml. 

[Il)id., p. 620.] 

Governor Fletcher promptly responded to this request b}- the issue 
of General Orders, No. 3, from State headquarters, dated January 30, 
1865, of which the following is a cop}^: 

General Orders, ^ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

I Ad.tutaxt-Gexeral's Office, 

No. 3. j St. Louis, January 30, 1865. 

1. At the request of Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge, commanding Department of the 
Missouri, and for the purpose of repressing lawlessness and to secure safety of life 
and property to all good citizens, and to strengthen the hands of legal justice, by 
enabling the officers of the law to execute its processes and judgments, it is ordered 
that the following companies of militia be raiseil by volunteering for a term of serv- 
ice not to exceed one year. 

TO BE mounted. 

One company for Warren and ^lontgomery; 1 company for Callaway and Audrain; 
1 company for Boone; 1 company for Ralls, Monroe, and Marion, to be raised at 
Hannibal; 1 company for Howard; 1 company for Randolph; 1 company for Chari- 
ton; 1 company for Carroll and Livingston, to be stationed in Carroll; 1 company for 
Ray and Caldwell, to be stationed in Ray; 1 company for Clay and Clinton, to be 
stationed in Clay; 1 company for Platte; 1 coni])any for Jackson; 1 company for 
La Fayette; 1 cornpany for Saline; I company for Coojier and Moniteau; 1 company 
for Osage and ^Maries; '\ company for Stoddard; 1 company for Johnson; 1 company 
for Pettis; 1 company for Morgan; 1 company for Z^lississippi; 1 coiDpany for Scott 
1 company for Perry; 1 company for New iladrid. 



94 . MISSOUKI TROOPS UNIOX. 

INFANTRY. 

One company for Cape Girardeau; 1 company for Sainte Genevieve; 1 company for 
bridges on Pacific Railroad; 1 company for bridges on Soutliwestern Pacific Rail- 
road; 1 company for bridges on North Missouri Railroad. 

II. These companies will be turned over to the United States subdistrict com- 
manders for their respective counties, as soon as they are fully organized. They will 
be clothed and subsisted by the General Government, and' armed, eciuippecl, and 
paid by the State, as provided in the new militia bill, but in case the State is 
unable to supply sufficient arms and equipments, they will then be furnished by the 
United States on proper requisition. As soon as the troops are in the rendezvous, 
orders will be issued by the department commander for their subsistence. 

III. It is desired thai the officers to be appointed to command this force should 
be men who have had experience in the field; and all appHcations for authority to- 
i-aise said companies and for commissions in the same will be made through "the 
department commander, forwarded through headquarters of district and subdistrict 
commanders, and upon his approval authority will be granted and commissions will 
be issued. 

IV. The companies will consist of not less than the minimum number of officers, 
noncommissioned officers, and privates as provided by regulations for like organiza- 
tions in the United States service; and not more than the maximum thereof, viz: 

One captain, 1 first lieutenant, 1 second lieutenant, 5 sergeants, 8 corporals, 1 
wagoner, 2 musicians, 64 privates minimum, 82 privates maximum. 

The necessities of the service require that the companies should be placed in the 
field at an early date — the time thereof for their completion is limited to the 28th 
proximo. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

Samuel P. Simpson, Adjutant- General. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of ^Missouri, 1865, p. 53.] 

It will be observed that the foreo-oing order provided for the org-an- 
ization of two companies less than the number requested b}^ General 
Dodge, but as the muster out of the Missouri State Militia progressed 
and additional companies were found necessary, authority for their 
recruitment was given. 

Notwithstanding that they were militia of the State of Missouri, 
the recruitment and organization of these companies were placed in 
the hands of United States officers. This was done in general orders 
from headquarters of the Department of the Missouri, dated February 
1, 1865, of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 28. J St. Lmm, Mo., February 1, 1865. 

District or subdistrict commanders will detail a line officer to take charge of the 
recruiting of each of the companies called for by Governor Thomas C. Fletcher, in 
General Orders, No. 3, from headquarters State of Missouri (Adjutant-General's 
Office) for the respective counties in their commands. 

Officers most noted for efficiency and good discipline will be selected for this duty. 
They will remain in chai-ge until they are relieved by officers commissioned by the 
governor to command these companies, and great effort will be made by them to 
fill the companies immediately, and to secure in them the services of as many hon- 
orably discharged soldiers from United States Volunteers and Missouri State Militia 
who have seen actual service, as possible. 

The commissary department will, upon proper requisitions, issue rations to men 
recruited for these companies. As soon as sworn into the service by officers desig- 
nated by district commanders, they will be furnished clothing and such other arti- 
cles as are allowed by the quartermaster's department. 

Requisitions for arms and equipments will be made upon the State authorities, 
who, when they have them in store, or in the hands of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, 
will supply them. When they can not meet these reciuisitions they will so indorse 
upon them, and the ordnance officer of the district or department will fill the requi- 
sition from arms and equipments turned over bj the ^lissouri State ]\Iilitia whose 
term of service has expired. 



MISSOURI MILITIA, GENERAL ORDERS, NO. :i, IStiu. VD 

As soon as a sufficient number of men are recruited for a company to entitle them 
to a conunissiioneil officer, as provided Ijy General Orders, No. 61, War Department 
(Adjntant-Cieneral's Office), series of ISfil, they will be placed on duty. 

Conunandinji officers of these comi)anies will make, through subdistrict com- 
manders, all rcp(trts recjuired by Army Regulations and existing orders. 

These coinpanics will act solely under the orders of subdistrict, district, or depart- 
ment conuiianders, as the exigencies of the service may re([uire, and their officers 
will be held to a strict jiersonal accountability for the discipline, drill, and efficiency 
of the men, and for unauthorized depredations of any kind connnitted by them. 

All efficient officers of United States Volunteers or Missouri State ]\Iilitia whose 
term of service is expiring or who have been honorably discharged or mustered out,- 
and who desire commissions in these companies, will make immediate application 
therefor through the proper channels, and subdistrict and district commanders will 
indorse their approval or disapproval, from their knowledge or information, stating 
the services of the applicant, his qualifications, and ability to command implicit 
obedience from his men, and the reputation of his former company for discipline. 
The indorsement of the district inspector as to the latter, if the applicant has served 
in the district, will be required. 

District and sulidistrict commanders have control of the organization of these 
companies, and will give them proper attention and see that they are placed upon 
an efficient footing in all respects. 

By command of Major-(Teneral Dodge: 

J. W. Barnes, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

On February 5, 1865, instructions were given to the commanding 
officer of the District of Rolla as follows: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Fehnianj 5, 1865. 

Commanding Officer District of Rolla, Mo. 

Sir: Your attention is called to the orders of the governor of the State and from 
these headquarters in relation to raising volunteer militia for service in certain 
counties. In recommending officers great care must be observed and none recom- 
mended except they are of good character, habits, etc., and good disciplinarians. 
The frequent unauthorized depredations committed by troops must be stopped, and 
in the organization of these companies we must put men at the head of them who 
can and will control their men. Officers will be held strictly accountable for all 
unauthorized depredations committed by their men, no matter upon whom com- 
mitted. If you have good officers under you in the Missouri State Militia whose 
term of service is about expiring, and who desire to take command in some of these 
companies, they can be assigned to duty in recruiting them, and applications can be 
made for their commissions. Old soldiers will, as far as possible, be selected in 
recommending for commissions. The men as fast as recruited will be rendezvoused 
at such point in the county as you may designate. They will be armed as pro- 
vided in General Orders, No. 28, current series, from these headquarters. All their 
spare time will be occupied in drilling and perfecting themselves as soldiers. You 
will report weekly the progress made in the district and subdistricts in organizing: 
these companies. 

By command of Major-General Dodge: 

J. W. Barnes, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Official records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLVIII, 
Part I, p. 750.] 

It will be observed that these companies were organized for active 
service, under United States officers, "for the purpose of repressing 
lawlessness and to secure safet}'' of life and property to all good citi- 
zens, and to strengthen the hands of legal justice by enabling the offi- 
cers of the law to execute its processes and judgments," that they 
were to be clothed and subsisted by the General Government and 
armed, equipped, and paid by the State, any deticiency in arms or 
equipments to be supplied by the United States; and that their officers 



:96 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

were to be eonimi.ssioned by the governor of the State upon the recom- 
mendation of the commanding general of the Department of the 
Missouri. 

Detailed reports of their operations are lacking, but it is known 
that they remained on duty from the time of their organization until 
relieved, in June and July, 1865, under orders from the department 
commander, and, as reported by the adjutant-general of the State 
(annual report of 1865, p. 700), '• they were generally engaged in 
guarding posts and lines of communication, doing escort duty and 
hunting guerrillas and bushwhackers." They are, according to the 
same authority, ""deserving of the thanks of all well-disposed and 
lo3^al citizens for their prompt suppression of lawlessness which had 
been so fearfully prevalent throughout the State." 

The status of these troops was that of militia of the State of Mis- 
souri, which, though serving under United States officers, was not 
accepted into the military service of the United States. The State 
was reimbursed under the act of April 17, 1866 (1-4 Stat. L.,p. 38), 
for the expenses incurred in their organization and service. 

The adjutant-general of the State reports that (ift3'-eight companies 
were "placed in the field," Init upon investigation sixty-one companies 
have been identified as having had an organized existence under the pro- 
visions of State General Orders, No. 3 "and the extensions thereof." 



MISSOURI MILITIA, ORCANIZED UNDER AN ORDI- 
NANCE OF THE STATE CONVENTION, DATED 
APRIL 8, 186.1 



The Missouri militia act of Fc^hruary 10, 1865, required an imme- 
diate enrolhuent of all of the militia of the State, and an ordinance of 
the State convention, adopted April 8, 18G.'i, required that as soon as 
enrolled the militia should be organized into "platoons, companies, 
regiments, and brigades." 

The work of organization was prosecuted with such success that* at 
the close of the year 1805 there were organized or in process of organ- 
ization eight^'-four regiments and six battalions. It does not appear, 
hoAvever, that any portion of this militia force was called into active 
service, either of the State or the United States, during the civil war. 

S. Doc. 412 7 97 



UNITED STATES RESERVE CORPS, THREE MONTHS' 

SERVICE. 



On April />(», ISlJl. while (Japtuin Lvon wa.s engaged in tlie organi- 
zation of the Missouri militia under the President's call of April 15, 
1861, he was directed by the President to enroll in the military service 
of the United States the loyal citizens of St. Louis and vicinity, not 
exceeding, with those before enlisted. 10,000 men, for the purpose of 
maintaining the authority of the United States and for the protection 
of the peaceable inhabitants of the State of Missouri, and, if necessary, 
to proclaim martial law in the city of St. Louis. This additional force 
was to l)e discharged, in whole or in part, as soon as there should 
appear to Captain Lyon and his advisers to be no danger of an attempt 
of the enemy to take possession of the city of St. Louis, or to put the 
city under the control of a combination hostile to the (rovernment of 
the United States. Following is a copy of his instructions: 

War Depaktmext, April 30, 1861. 
Capt. Nathaniel Lyon, 

Commanding DeparUnent of the Woii. 

Sir: The President of the United States directs that yon enroll in the military serv- 
ice of the United States the loyal citizens of St. Lonis and vicinity, not exceedinp:, 
with those heretofore enlisted, 10,000 in nnniber, for the [lurpose of maintaining the 
anthority of the United States; for the protection of the peaceable inhabitants of 
Missouri; and you will, if deemed necessary for that purpose l)y yourself and by 
Messrs. Oliver T. Filly, John How, James O. Broadhead, Samuel T. Glover, J. Wilzie, 
and Francis P. Blair, jr., proclaim martial law in the city of St. Louis. 

The additional force hereby authorized shall be discharged, in jjart or in whole, if 
enlisted, as soon as it a]>pears to you and the gentlemen above named that there is 
no danger of an attempt on the part of the enemies of the Government to take mili- 
tary possession of the city of St. Louis, or put the city in the control of a combina- 
tion against the (Tovernment of the United States; and while such additional force 
remains in the service the same shall be governed by the Rules and Articles of War, 
and such special regulations as you may prescrilje. I shall like the force heretofore 
directed to be enrolled to be under your command. 

The arms and other military stores in the St. Louis Arsenal not needed for the 
forces of the United States in Missouri must be removed to Springfield, or some other 
safe place of deposit in the State of Illinois, as speedily as practical^le, by the ordnance 
officer in charge at St. Louis. 

[Indorsements.] 

It is revolutionary times and therefore I do not object to the irregularity of this. 

W. S. [WiNFiELD Scott.] 
Approved, April 30, 1S61. 

A. Lincoln. 
Colonel Thomas will make this order. 

Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, p. 675.] 

98 



U. S. KKSKKVE CORPS, THRP:K MONTHs' SERVICE. 99 

Under this iiuthority Cuptain Lyon ;it once proceeded to the organi- 
zation of the niiiitarv force designated by him the I'nited States 
Reserve Corps. Missouri Volunteers. This force, consisting of live 
regiments of infantry and one company of cavalry, was completed 
within a few clays and was mustered into the military service of the 
United States to serve three months. The company and regimental 
officers were elected and were mustered into service without com- 
missions. Capt. T. W. Sweeny, Second United States Infantry, was 
elected brigadier-general, and on May 21 •. ISCI. was assigned to the. 
command of the brigade in an order of which the following is a copv: 

Special Orders, \ IlE.vixaAKTKRs Department of the West, 

No. 62. i St. Louis, Mo., May 20, 1861. 

Capt. T. "W. Sweeny, Second Infantry, is assigned to the command of the United 
States Reserve Corps raised in the city of St. Louis, to which corps the company of 
recruits now under the charge of Captain Sweeny is attached for guard duty. 
By order of Brigadier-General Harney: 

S. AViixiAMS, Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Book No. 87, Departments of tlie West and Western, p. 29H.] 

Captain Sweeny assumed command of the United States Reserve 
Corps on May 22. 1861, and on May 2S, 18*31, he announced the officers 
of his stati'. On June 1, 1801, General Lyon reported to the War 
Department as follows: 

St. Loris Arsenal, June 1, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, 

Adjniant-General, Wasii ington. 

Sir: On the 15tli ultimo I had the honor to inclose to you an official copy of an order 
issued by me, annf)uncing my apjiointment of several officers upon the volunteer 
briga,de staff of the First Brigade, Missouri Three ^Months' Volunteers, which appoint- 
ments, in the al)sence of instructions upon the sul:)ject, were made by me in accord- 
ance with the laws of the State of Missimri, and referred to the Department for its 
action. 

I have now the honor to inclose an order issued by Capt. T. W. Sweeny, Second 
Infantry, under similar circumstances, he having been elected brigaiiier-general of 
the United States Reserve Corps of Missouri Volunteers and assigned to that com- 
mand by Brigadier-General Harney, late commander of the Department of the West, 
as heretofore reported. 

I would resjiectfully remark, in connection with this subject, that these officers 
would have been commissioned by the governor of this State under these appoint- 
ments and with the rank by them fixed had he been loyal enough to call for volun- 
teers under the first proclamation of the President, and that in my action in the 
premises I desired to give them the same positions, respectively, which they would 
have held had the call been made by the governor, supposing that this action would 
be acceptable to the General Government. 

I am, sir, verv respectfuUv, your obedient servant, 

N. Lyox, 
Brigadier-General of Vohniteers, Commanding. 

[Inclosure.] 

Special Orders, \ Headcjuarters Brigade, U. S. R. C, 

No. 13. I 'S?. Louis, May 28, 1861. 

The following appointments are hereby made on the brigade staff of the United 
States Reserve Corps, viz: 

Assistant adjutant-general, Lieut. Col. Josiah W. Bissell; quartermaster, ]Maj. 
James O. Broadhead; paymaster, ^Maj. .1. K. ^lills; connnissary, ]Maj. Nathaniel 
Constable; aide-de-camp, ^laj. Thomas Burgh. 

T. W. Sweeny, 
Captain, Second Infantn/, Commanding U. S. JR. C. 
[137 L., A. G. O., 1861.] 

The United States Reserve Corps, including the brigadier-general 
and stati', was mustered into the United States service as militia under 



100 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. 

the President's call of April 15, 1861, and was credited l)}^ the War 
Department to the State of Missouri under that call. In 1897 the 
question as to the status of these troops being- under considei'ation, it 
was decided by the Assistant Secretary of War that the}', including 
the officers of all grades, must be considered to hav^e been State 
militia called into the service of the United States by the President, 
and that the officers are entitled to the same recognition that they 
would have been entitled to receive if they had been appointed and 
commissioned by the governor of the State. (R. & P., 15U639.) 

The Three Months' Militia of 181)1, treated in this paper under a 
separate head, and the United States Reserve Corps (three months' 
service), combined, represent a militia force of more than 10,000 men 
furnished by the State of Missouri under the President's call of April 
15, 1861. 

There is nothing in the muster-in rolls of the United States Reserve 
Corps showing any conditions as to the locality of their service, but it 
was reported by General L3'on that '"'"they were sworn into service 
upon the condition that they were not to be called upon to perform 
duty outside of the county" of St. Louis. (127 L., A. G. O., 1861.) 
Many of them were, with their own consent, employed upon active 
service in the field, but their efficiency as a corps was seriously 
impaired by the condition under which they were received into the 
service. This fact was illustrated by an official of the Missouri militia 
by the remark: ''The men have false notions about discipline and 
subordination, thinking- that, as the}' are privileged soldiers, as well as 
substantial men of families, they have the right to determine by vote 
what they shall do." (R. and P., 163368.) 

In the reorganization of the corps for the three years' service it was 
soug-ht by General Lyon to avoid any limitation as to the district in 
which it should serve; with what success will be seen in the chapter of 
this paper devoted to the United States Reserve Corps, Three Years' 
Service. 

The United States Reserve Corps organized for three months' service 
3onsisted of one company of cavalry and five regiments of infantry. 



UNITED STATES RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' 

SERVICE. 



As has 1)0011 soon in the procoding- chapter, the United States Reserve 
Corps, consisting of tive regiments of infantry and a compan\' of cav- 
alry, was organized by Capt. (subsequenth' Brig. Gen.) Nathaniel 
Lyon, at St. Louis, Mo., during the month of May, 1S61, to serve for 
the period of three months. It was a force of Missouri militia, 
enrolled for service in the neighborhood of St. Louis. The original 
authority for its acceptance into the three years' service has not been 
discovered, but that such authority was given b}- the War Department 
is shown in a letter addressed by the Secretary of War to General 
Lyon, luider date of June T, 1861. as follows: • 

♦ War Department, WasJihigton, June 7, 1861. 

Brig. Uen. N. Lyox, ' 

Co»tmauding Missovri Vohndfers, St. Louis. 
(texeral: You are directed to muster in for the war the regiment known as the 
"American Zouaves," Morgan L. Smith, colonel. 

In explanation of oj'ders heretofore given it is proper to saj' that it was intended 
to allow all the men already in service in Missouri to be mustered in for the war, or 
othere to be received in lieu of them for that term. 

SiMox Cameron. 
[503 W., A. Ct. 0.,1861.] 

That it was not the intention of General Lyon that the reorganized 
force should be limited as to the locality of its service is shown by an 
order issued by him under date of July IB, 1861, of which the follow- 
ing- is a copy: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Army of the West, 

No. 19. i Springfield, Mu., Juhj IG, 1861. 

Xone of the regiments of United States Reserve Corps, in the city of St. Louis, 
will be retained in the service as such beyond their present three months' term, 
unless it shall be absolutely necessary for the defense of the city pending the organ- 
ization of the three years' volunteers authorized by the Ciovernment. 

Those regiments of the Reserve Corps that desire to reorganize for the long term of 
service must do so without limitation as to the district in which they are to serve. 

By order of General Lyon : 

J. M. SCMOFIELD, 

Assistant Adjutant-Genend. 
[Book X(5. 9, Department of the West, p. 42.] 

On August 12, 1861, specific instructions for the reorganization of 
th(> I'nited States Reserve Corps were given by Major-General Fremont, 
who had l)een assigned to the connnand of tiie Western Department. 
These instructions contemplated the organization of 5 regiments of 
infantry with a reserve of 2 companies to each. 2 squadrons of cavalry, 
and 2 batteries of light artillery, the whole force to be subject to the same 
regulations and to receive the same pay as other volunteers, except the 

101 



102 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

reserve companies, which were to receive pay only when called into 
actual service. The full text of the instructions is as follows: 

Headquarters Western Department, 

St. Louis, Mo., August ]S, 1861. 
Col. J. McNeil, 

United States Reserve Corps, St. Louis. 

Sir: Inasmuch as the term of the several regiments of the United States Reserve 
Corps in St. Louis has expired, or in a few days will expire, and the men be paid off, 
and as the present state of political affairs in Missouri, as w'ell as the movements and 
designs of the enemy, will not permit their being permanently disbanded, I have 
determined, in order to promote the common welfare and ijrotect public and private 
property, to have them forthwith reorganized. 

The new organization will comprise 5 regiments of infantry with a reserve of 2 
companies to each, 2 squadrons of cavalry, and 2 batteries of light artillery. 

The troops will be required to enlist for the war, unless sooner discharged, and 
will (except the reserve companies) be subject to the same regulations and receive 
continuously the same pay as the volunteer regiments. 

The reserve companies will be required to replace the Home Guard regiments, 
should the latter for any cause be called to other counties of this State, and will 
receive the regular pay of vohmteers for such actual service. When not in service 
the reserve companies will be under more liberal regulations; thej' will not be 
obliged to perform guard duty, and their hours of drilling will, so far as possible, be 
made to conform to their peculiar public and private position. 

In order to accomplish, without delay, this urgent reorganization of the Home 
Guard of the city of St. Louis, you are hereby directed to assem})]e your regiment at 
their head(}uarters, and ascertain from each man under your command whether he 
would prefer to continue in the regiment, or to join the cavalry or artillery, or serve 
only in the reserve for*the above-mentioned peculiar emergencies. 

After ascertaining in this way the wishes of the men you will paoceed immediately 
to the reorganization of the infantry regiments. 

The companies will in the first place elect their company officers, who will there- 
upon nominate their field officers and su])mit their names for appnjval to the general 
commanding the department. 

The colonels, when accepted, will nominate a brigadier and submit his name in 
like manner for approval. After his appointment a brigadier inspector will be 
selected by the general commanding. 

The officers of the regiment having been decided upon, the reorganization of the 
regiment, and, if possible, also that of the reserve companies should be immediately 
completed and the returns submitted to this department. 

You will communicate this order to all tiie members of your regiment and pro- 
ceed with the execution of it until the election and ajiproval of a colonel, who will, 
immediately after his appointment, report himself with his officers to these head- 
quarters, when the regiment will be uniformed, armed, equipped, and provided with 
everything necessary for actual service and at the same time with special instructions 
for drill and discipline. 

The rolls of those men who should prefer to join the cavalry or artillery you will 
also submit as early as possilile, with the officers suggested, to "these headquarters. 

Should any deficiency (^xist this department will supply all the different com- 
panies with efficient officers and complete their organization. 

As it is my .design to have in each regiment one company of sharpshooters and 
one company of pioneers, all the best marksmen should be concentrated in one com- 
pany and all the best mechanics in another, under officers best adapted to the com- 
mand of those companies. 

J. C. Fremont, 
Mdjor-Gerieral, Commanding. 

[Book No. 8, Department of the West, pp. 351-353.] 

There appears to be nothing- in these instructions limiting the held 
of service of any Imt the ''reserve companies."' and as those companies 
were doubtless classed as Home Guards and paid through the agenc}" 
of the "Hawkins Taylor Commission""' for such active service, if any, 
as ^vas rendered by them (see Home Guards of 1S61) they need not be 
further considered. 

Under the orders of General Fremont 1 battalion of cavalry. 1 
regiment of artillery, consisting of 12 companies of heavj^ artillery 
and 3 light batteries, 5 regiments of infantrj- — 3 of them incomplete — 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 103 

3 ])attalions of infantry, and 2 indopondont companies of infantry 
were oroanizod and mustored into the United States service for the 
period of tliree years. 

TJKM'e is nothing in the nmster-in rolls of these troops to show any 
conditions as to tiie locality of their service, but it was understood by 
the men that they were mustered in for service only in the State of 
Missouri. The disastrous results of this understandinu' will be shown 
in the following pages. 

On October 25, 18H1, the Adjutant-General of the Army addressed 
to the Paymaster-Cieneral a letter advising him that l)odies of troops 
were being formed in and al)Out St. Louis, which, under the name of 
Home Guards. Reserve Corps, and other appellations, were being mus- 
tered into the service of the United States for duty only in limited 
localities, or upon certain contingencies, that such organizations were 
entirely without authority, and that any payments made to them would 
not be sanctioned bv the Government. 

On November 2. 1.S61. General Fremont was relieved of the com- 
mand of the Western Department, and on the ^>th of the same month 
Major-General Halleck was assigned to the command of the newly 
created Department of the Missouri. On the 11th of November, 1861, 
Major-Genera] McUlellan, commanding the Army, addressed to Major- 
General Halleck a letter of instructions in which he said: 

Headquarters of the Army, 
Wunhinriton, I). C, November 11, 1861. 
3Iaj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, U. S. A., 

Commanding Department of the Mi^i^onri. 
General: In assigning you to the command of the Department of the INIissoiiri, it 
is probably unnecessary for me to state that I have intrusted to you a <hity which 
requires the utmost tact and decision. You have not merely the ordinary duties of 
a military commander to perform, but the far moredithcult task of reducing chaos to 
order. 

* ***** * 

You will please examine into the legality of the organization of the troops serving 
in the department. When you tind any illegal, unusual, or improper organizations 
you will give to the officers and men an oppoitunity to enter the legal military 
estaV)lishment under general laws and orders from the War Department, reporting 
in full to these headquarters any officer or organization that may decline. 

* ***** * 

I am, general, etc., 

Geo. B. McClellax, 

Major-General, CommaniJing U. S. Annij. 

[Official Reconls of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. HI, ji. 568.] 

General Halleck assumed conunand of the Department of the 
Missouri on the ll'th of November, 186 J, and on the l:th of December 
he issued a general order (No. 14) in which he called upon company 
and regimental commanders for certified copies of the muster-in rolls 
of their respective commands, "with a view to a systematic organiza- 
tion'' of the forces of the department, and on December It, 1861, he 
published the following general order: 

Gexeral Orders, \ HEAD(iUAKTERS Department of the Missouri, 

No. 21. i ,SV. Lonh, December 9, 1S61. 

1. The following letter, having been brought to the notice of "the major-general 
commanding this department, is pul)lished for the information of all concerned, viz: 

' 'Ad.iutant-General's Office, 

"Washington, October 25, 1861. 
"Sir: Information having been received that bodies of troops are being formed in 
and about St. Louis, Mo., which, under the name of Home Guards, Reserve Corps, 



104 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

and other appellations, are being mustereil int(j the service of the United States for 
duty only in limited localities, or upon certain contingencies, you are hereby cau- 
tioned that such organizations are entirely without authority, an<l that no payments 
made to them will be sanctioned ))v the <TOvei'nment. 
"I am, sir, very respe:itfully, your obedient servant, 

"L.Thomas, 

" Adjutant- GeneraL 
"The Paymaster-General, Washington, D. C." 

Officers appointed from these headquarters to muster troops are authorized to 
muster or remuster into the service of the United States all such bodies of troops 
for three years or during the war, unless sooner discharged, as directed Ijy the act 
of Congress on the subject, provided their plan of organization conforms to the orders 
of the War Department, including in the muster or remuster so made the period 
during which the bodies of troops above referred to have been in actual service. 
******* 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, 
Assistant A djutanf- General. 

It does not appear that an}' of the Reserve Corps organizations were 
mustered or remustere(' under the provisions of the order quoted 
above, but the announcement that such troops were not to be recog- 
nized as entitled to pav created great dissatisfaction. 

On the 12th of December, 1801, Brig. Gen. Alexander Asboth, com- 
manding the division in which two of the regiments were serving, 
addressed to the commanding general a letter, of which the following 
is a cop3": 

Headquarters Focrth Division, 
Camp Halleck, near Holla, December 12, 1861. 
, Assistant Adjutant General, 
(/ Department of the Missouri. 

Sir: I herewith inclose, in connection with my telegram of to-day to the com- 
manding general, the order for the reorganization of the "Reserve Corps " regiments, 
issued on the 12th day of August, 1861, from the headquarters of the AVestern 
Department. 

The order shows that the regiments were organized and mustered into the service, 
subject to the same regulations and to receive the same ]iay as volunteer regiments. 
The organization prescribed a reserve of two companies to each regiment, and these 
I'eserve companies alone retained any of the privileges as to time and place of service 
peculiar to the Home Guards, leaving the regiments entirely of the character of 
volunteer troops. 

Two of these regiments, the First and Second, entered upon and performed <luring 
the last three months the actual duties of the past cam]>aign in tlie Fourth r)ivision 
under my command, endured all the privations arising from a deticiency of means of 
transportation, lack of provisions and clothing, never having received pay, an<l now, 
entirely without money, having nearly all families dependent upon them in St. Louis, 
the announcement that they are not to lie recognized as entitled to any payment has 
driven them to the verge of a mutiny, demanding the prompt action of the depart- 
ment. 

I would therefore respectfully ask either that the paymaster l)e instructed to pay 
them equally with the other volunteer troops or for firders relieving them altogether 
from duty and giving them permission to return home to tlie support of their 
families. 

I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Alex.ander] Asboth, 
Actinfj Major-Ge}ieral, Commanding Fourth Dirision. 

[A. 43, Department of the ^Missouri, 1861.] 

Under date of December 11, 1861, Brig. Gen. J. M. Scholield, com- 
manding the Missouri State Militia, addressed to the department head- 
quarters a letter on the same subject, in which he said: 



U. S. RKSEKVE CORFS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 105 

Hkadqiakters Missoriu (State Mii.itia, 

,St. Louis, Dcrnnher U, 1861. 
Cdl. J. C. Keltdx, 

Assistant A(ljatant-(!fnend, Drpatimcnt of I Ik MlxKuiiri. 

Colonel: I respertfuUy ask the attention of the niajor-tj;eneral coiuniainlinji to the 
condition of tlie "Reserve Corps" re;^iments now in servit-e. 

The elfect of the letter of tiie A(ljiitant-(Ti'neral of the Army, pubhshed in General 
Orders, Xo. 21, headquarters Department of the Missouri, has been to eonvinee the 
men serving in the Reserve Corps rejjiments that they are not recognized as I'nited 
States soldiers by the (xovernment, are not regarded as entitled U) any pay for past 
services, and, in short, while they have faithfully jierformed their part of the agree- 
ment under which they are serving the (Government rei)udiates its part of the con- 
tract, though made by the major-general commanding tins department. 

It uuist lie admitted that this is a legitimate inference from the letter referred to, 
and I am informed by the otticers of some of these regiments that unless something 
is done at once to remove this impression it will be impossible longer to restrain their 
men and that they will disband and go home. 

They have seen other troops who have been serving with them in the field paid 
and they passed by, with a statement to the effect that they need never expect any 
pay for their service, either past or future, unless they accept the conditions of Gen- 
eral Orders, No. 21. This the great body of them are unwilling to do. 

Although their muster-in rolls contain no (|ualilication as to service in or out of 
this State they were organized under written authority from ^rajor-( General Fremont 
containing the condition tliat they were to serve in the State, and the men were 
enli.«ted and "sworn in " under this condition. Very naturally tliey are unwilling to 
serve any longer without some assurance that this condition will lie complied with 
and that they will at some time be paid for their services. 

I am informed that the men of these regiments almost unanimously desire to join 
the State militia. 

The conditions of this service being precisely the same as that to which they are 
pledged, it has occurred to me that the general commanding might have the jMjwer 
to transfer these regiments as they now exi.-^t to the State service; or, if necessary, 
an order to this effect might be obtained from the War Department. 

If this can 1)e done, it will be the simjilest and most satisfactory method of settling 
the question of their future condition and avoid the loss of the services of the.se regi- 
ments during reorganization. 

If this transfer can not be made, I respectfully suggest the projiriety of imme- 
diately mustering these regiments out of service. 

There are in various i.arts of the State large nundiers of men organized as "Home 
Guards" ami "Reserve Corps" who wish to enter the State service if they can he 
officially released from their oliligations to the United States in such a manner as to 
preserve some legal evidence of their past services whereby they may hope to ol)tain 
pay for their services at some future time. 

it segms to me desirable to bring these irregular bodies of men under one or the 
other of the regular organizations as quickly as j)ossible. ^lany of the men wish to 
enlist in the United States Volunteers, while many prefer to serve in the militia, l)ut 
they will do neither until some official record is made of their past services. 
I an), colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. SCHOFIELI), 

Bri(/itiUer-(iev('ral, ('oiiwiandbig Missouri Militia. 
[S. 1315, V. S., 1862.] 

A letter was also addressed to department head([iiarters ])y General 
As})oth. tind(>r date of December 14, 18G1. as follows: 

Headqi'akteks FoiRTir Division, 
('iim}i Ihillccl-, )it'(ir liollit, December 14, 1861. 
Assistant A d.i ita nt-C! eneral. 

Department of the Missouri. 
Sir: Although the payment of the regiments here has been already commenced 
and decisive directions have been especially given, as I am informeil, to the pay- 
masters for the jtayment of AVright's cavalry battalion and Boyd's infantry regi- 
ment (Vjoth originally Home (iuard organizations), no orders have been received by 
the payma.'^ters to disburse the sums <Uie the two reserve volunteer regiments, of 
which I the day before yesterday reported by telegra])h and mail. 

In order, therefore, to renioye as soon as possible the difficulties in which the men 



106 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNIOlSr. 

here of thepe regiments and their families at St. Louis are involved, I l)eg leave to 
have laid l)efore the commanding general more fully, through Acting Brigadier-(Ten- 
eral Albert, to whose brigade they belong, the importance of an immediate order to 
the paymasters in accordance with the telegram issued to me the day before yester- 
dav from headquarters. 

Have the kindness to secure Colonel Albert an early interview with the command- 
ing general. 

V^ery resi:)ectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Alexander] Asboth, 
Acting Major- (j'ene ml, Commandinr/ Fou.rtli Dii'lsion. 

(A. 49, Department of the Missouri, 1861.) 

Apparently as a result of these representations, Major-General Hal- 
leek issued an order in which he directed that all coi-ps reg-ularlv mus- 
tered into service foi- three 3"ears, with a legal organization, including' 
the United States Reserve Corps, should l)e paid for past services 
actually rendered by them, and that irregular organizations mustered 
in with an unauthorized limitation as to place of service should be 
allowed the option of being regularly mustered into service for three 
3^ears or during the war, with pay for past service, or of being mus- 
tered out with pay only for the period of actual service in Missouri 
away from their homes. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Depaktment of the Missouri, 

No. 25. i St. Louis, Decemher U, 1861. 

■;{• vr * -:r * * * 

II. All corps regularly mustered into the service of the United States for three 
years or during the war, unless sooner discharged, in accordance with General 
Orders of the War Department, current series, No. 15, plan of organization, and Xo. 
61, declaring when certain officers are to be mustered in, according to the number of 
men enrolled, and in case of cavalry regiments, with (ieneral Orders, No. 73, allowing 
3 majors to a regiment when consisting of 12 companies, and 2 majors to a regiment 
of 8 or 10 companies, no matter what the descriptive designation, whether United 
States Reserve Corps or whatever it may be, will be jmid to cover the period of past 
service actually rendei'ed by them, and they will be paid hereafter at the regular 
periodical musters until further orders. * * * 

III. Home (Tuards and other irregular organizations mustered in with an unau- 
thorized limitation as to place of service, or in service without having l)een 
mustered in, will be allowed the option to be now regularly metered in for three 
years or during the war, according to law and regulations, to cover the full time of 
back service, so that they can be regularly paid and furnished with supplies, or to 
be mustered out of service and receive pay only for the period they "have done 
active service in Missoui'i away from tlieir homes." 

-it * * vc- * -K- * 

By order of Major-(Teneral Halleck: 

J. C. Keltox, 
Axi^isturit Adjutant-General. 

In a letter addressed to the Adjutant-General of the Army under 
date of December 13, 1861, General Halleck said of the United States 
Reserve Corps: 

There seems to have been some misapprehension at Washington in respect to the 
"Reserve Corps" and " Home Guards." The former, at least the regiment stationed 
in this city [St. Louis], are regularly mustered into service for three years without 
any limitation as to their j)lace of service. They are regularly organized ISIissouri 
Volunteers and entitled to pay and allowances the same as any other volunteer. 
Tliey will be paid accordingly. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 
434.] 



U, S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS ' SERVICE. 1()7 

Alul ill a letter addres.sed to Major-General McC'lellan. Dcceml)er 
19, 1861, General Halleck said: 

IlKAIXtUAKTKKS DkI'AKT.MEXT OF THE ^IlSSOlRI, 

St. Louis, December 19, ISGl. 
3Iaj. Geii. (teorge B. ^IcCi.ei.i.an, 

(texeral in Chief of the Akmv, 

Wasliinr/fon Citt/. 
General: 

» * •:•? » * •» * 

I am progresisinir slowly with the reorganization of the forces here. It is a most 
difficult task, increased l)y the injudicious orders of the War Department and the 
jealousies of the governors of States. * * * The United States Reserve Corps, 
as they are called, are generally regularly organized ^lissouri ^'olunteers, mustered 
in for three years or the war, without limitation as to place of service. The pay 
department has objected to pay these troops, on the groimd that there was some out- 
side verbal or tacit understanding that they would not be ordered out of the State. 
I can not recognize any such unrecorded verbal understanding, and must lie guided 
alone by the muster rolls, which are perfectly regular. Moreover, General Curtis 
informs me that he refused to permit them to be mustered in with any reservation 
whatever. I have therefore ordered them, or rather all of them in actual service, to 
be paid on their muster rolls. They are not generally very efficient troops, and I 
purpose to disband a part of them as soon as I can do so with safety. 

* * • * * * * 

Very respectfully, your <^)bedient servant, 

H. AV. Halleck, Majo^- General. 

[Ibid., p. 448.] 

The dissati.sfac'tion and niutinon.s spirit which had })een manifested 
in the Reserve Corps regiments was not allayed by the publication of 
General Orders, ' No. •2b, quoted above, and on December 18. 1861, 
General Asboth addressed Major-General Halleck as follows: 

Headquarters Fourth Divisiox, 
Camp Halleck, near RoLla, December 18, 1861. 
Assistant Ad.i utaxt-Genera l, 

Hea(l(juarters Department of tlie J/i.s'.\o»r/. 
Sir: Owing to the agitation in St. Louis, through the (xerman papers, well calcu- 
lated to increase the dissatisfaction of the Reserve Corps Volunteer regiments despite 
the pul)lication of General Orders No. 25, 1 have thought proper to issue the inclosed 
circular to the troops embodying the letter of the commanding general received 
to-day. 

I have been especially induced to this course by the interpretation which the 
commander of the First Reserve Corps Volunteers, Colonel Rombauer, insists upon 
applying to the CTcneral Order above, claiming as he does an authority under it to 
muster his regiment out of the service. 

^lajor Crane, the senior paymaster, has not yet received orders to pay those reg- 
iments and I have therefore again to trouble the commanding general to have them 
sent here through Colonel Andrews in accordance with General Orders, No. 25, which 
covers the whole case. 

Very respectfully, your oljedient servant, 

[Alexander] Asboth, 
Acting Major-General, Gommandijifj Fourth Dirlsiou. 
[A 56, Department of the Missouri, 1861.] 

The circular referred to by (jeneral Asboth is as follows: 

Circular \ Headquarters Fourth Division, 

No. 3. / . Camp Halleck, near RoUa, December 18, 1861. 

In answer to my report submitted to the general commanding Department of the 

Missouri, through Actg. Brig. (Jen. Albert, soliciting an immediate order to the 



108 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

paymaster for the payment of the First and Second Reserve Corps Missouri Volun- 
teer regiments, the commanding general liimself writes as follows: 

" Headui'arters Department of the Missouri, 

"<SY. Louis, December 15, 1861. 
" General AsBOTH, 

" Camp near Rolla. 
" General: Your letter of yesterday is received. You will find in General Orders, 
No. 25, of this department the substance of instructions previously issued to the 
chief of the pay department for the payment of Reserve Corps and Home Guards. 
They are in accordance with instructions from Washington and will be complied 
with by all paymasters. 

" Frobabh' when your letter was written the instructions to Colonel Andrews had 
not reached Rolla. 

" But every delay in sending them will be remedied by the publication of Orders, 
No. 25. Everything will be done to have the troops paid as soon as possible. 
" Very respectfully, 

" H. W. Halleck, M({jor-GeneraI.'^ 

In the General Orders, No. 25, I see a full guaranty for the payment of the regiments 
in question, and if any doubt were left the commanding general's above explanation 
entirely dispels it. 

To prevent, therefore, any misrepresentation or misapprehension I deem it proper 
to acquaint all the commands of my division and especially the members of the two 
regiments named with the autograph letter of the general commanding and its satis- 
factory contents. 

Commanders will i)ublish this circular in full to officers and men. 

[Alexander] Asboth, 
Ac'ing Major-General, Commanding Fourtlt Dicisiun. 

[Ibid.] 

Further information with reoard to the condition of the United 
States Reserve Corps regiments is found in a letter. addressed by an 
aide-de-camp on the statl' of Brigadier-General Sigel to the chief of stati' 
at department headquarters, of which the following is a copy: 

Headquarters United States Forces, 

Rolla, December 26, 1861. 
Capt. John C. Kei.ton, 

Assistant Adjutant- General. 
Captain: The general directs me to transmit to you for the consideration of the 
commanding general the accompanying reports of the colonel of the First Regiment 
United States Reserve Cordis, and of the lieutenant-colonel of the Secoml Regiment 
United States Reserve Corps, First Brigade, Fourth Division. These regiments are 
actually imfit for the field and can not be relied on. It would therefore be advisable 
to leave one of them as garrison at this post, together with Colonel Phelps's regiment, 
in case of a forward movement, and the other might be ordered to Franklin to 
relieve the Ninth Iowa, including the battery at that post, which command is very 
anxious to get something to do and which would render very efficient service in the 
field. The general therefore urges the necessity of making the jiroposed change, 
and respectfully re«iuests the commanding general to attach the Ninth Iowa Regi- 
ment with the battery to this command. 

******* 
By order of Brigadier-General Sigel, commanding: 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. A. Meysenburg, 
Second Lieutenant and Aide-de-Camp. 
[S. 1315, V. S., 1862.] 

On Januar}' 17, 1862, General Halleck issued an order in which he 
warned the discontented members of the Reserve Corps of the results 
to be expected from a violation of their military obligations. Follow- 
ing is a copy of the order: 



u. s. rp:serve corps, three years' service. 1U9 

K.M. Orokrs, ) Heaixjiarters Department of the Missoiri, 

No. 22. ) St. Louis, .htnmtni 17, W,^. 



\\. ( )riraiii/atioiis wliich have heeii imistered into the I'liited States serviee n ider 
the title of '• Reserve Corps," or other desiiinatioiis, are reyuhiriy in the military serv- 
ice of the Ignited States, and are to he ])aid and supplied the same as any other 
troops. It is not the intention to rei|uire the service of such trooi)s out of tins State, 
except in cases of eni',-r;iency, hut they must do the same duty as other tr.)ops, and 
any refusal on their part to ol)ey orders will be ]iunislied to the full extent of the 
law. If they absent themselves from their jtost without proper leaves, they will be 
treateil as deserters. Othcers who may nej^lect their duties and fail to preserve 
order and discipline among their men will be dismissed the service. Anyper.son 
found creating dissatisfaction and mutiny among the troops will be seized and con- 
fined, and if found guilty will suffer death. 

By order of Major-General llalleck: 

J. C. Keltox, 
Assistant A dJHtant- General. 

In Jtimiary, 1862. the Thifd United States Reserve Corps was con- 
solidiited \vith the Gasoonade County Battalion and other Reserve 
Corps orjiiinizations to form the Fourth Missouri Infantry Volunteers. 
This \\as followed by a mutiny and the disarming- and confinement of 
the members of several companies, as announced in General Orders, 
No. 28, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated February 2, 
1862, of which the following- is a copy: 

General Orders, ) Headquarters Depart.ment of the Missocri, 

No. 28. i St. Louis, Fehmary 2, 1862. 

Several companies of the Fourth Regiment of ^Missouri Volunteers, lately called 
the Third United States Reserve Corps, having shown themselves nmtinous and dis- 
obedient of orders, have been disarmed and placed in confinement at Benton Bar- 
racks. The privates and noncommissioned officers of these companies will be 
sent under a suitable guard to Cairo to work on the fortifications at that place 
until further orders. The commanding othcer of that post will see that these 
companies are made to work faithfully on the fortifications, and will report to these 
headquarters the names of any wlio b}* their repentance and obedience to orders and 
discipline deserve pardon and" restoration to military rank and resjiect. 

The ofhcers of these companies have not joined in this mutinous demonstration, 
but they have failed or neglected to enforce order, obedience, and military discipline; 
they will therefore be mustered out of service and discharged. 

The major-general commanding this department is always willing to listen to com- 
))laints and ready to redress well-founded grievances; but, at the same time, he is 
determined to enforce discipline and obedience to orders, and any companies, regi- 
ments, or corps whicii shall hereafter disobey orders or exhibit a nmtinous disposi- 
tion, will l)e dealt with in a most summary manner. The Rules and Articles of War 
in respect to mutiny will Vje rigorously enforced. 

By command of Major-General Halleck: 

N. II. :\IcLeax, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

This order was followed by one dated Februar\^ 26, 1862. threaten- 
ing- with arrest and punishment '"certain parties'" accused of practices 
calculated to produce dissatisfaction and mutinous conduct. Follow- 
ing- is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters Derartmext of the ^Iissouri, 

No. 48. r St. Louis, Mo., February -26, 1862. 

* * * * ^ % ik 

IV. It is otticially represented to the commanding general that certain parties in 
this city and elsewhere have been negotiating with companies and regiments, origi- 
nally, ]ierhaps, irregularly organized, to obtain for a certain price their disliandment 
or discharge, and encouraging expressions of dissatisfaction and mutinous conduct as 
a means to accomplish that eild. An investigation of this matter will be made 



110 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

immediately, and the provost-mar.shal-general will arrest the guilty parties and con- 
fine them in the military prison until they can be tried and punished as prescribed 
by the Rules and Articles of War. 
By command of Major-General Halleck: 

N. H. McLean, 
A ssistant Adjutant- General. 

Mutinies soon after occurred in the First United States Reserve 
Corps, and also in the Fourth and Fifth Missouri Cavalry regiments, 
composed partially of the Hollan Horse, which was originally formed as 
a Reserve Corps oi-ganization. Concerning these mutinies, Brigadier- 
General Schofield. then commanding the District of Missouri, reported, 
under date of July 18, 1862, as follows: 

HEADCiUARTERS DISTRICT OF MISSOURI, 

St. Louis, July 13, 1862. 
Col. John C. Kelton, 

Assistant Adjutant-General, Department of the Mississippi, Corinth, M.?s..- 

I have the honor to report for the information of the conunanding general the 
mutinous conduct of a portion of the troops under my command and the disposition 
I have made of them. 

When the commanding general directed me to reinforce General Curtis by all my 
available force, 1 had no infantry that could be used at once except Colonel Rom- 
bauer's regiment, the First United States Reserve Corps, then stationed along the 
Pacific Railroad. I at once concentrated this regiment at Rolla and ordered it for- 
ward to Batesville. It proceeded as far as West Plains, and there mutinied, all 
except the officers and about 287 men, refusing to go farther. Colonel Rombauer 
detailed 12 officers and a guard of 137 men to remain with the mutineers, directing 
them to guard the ]>ost of West Plains. But the officer left in connnand, finding that 
his men could not be relied upon to defend the place in case of attack, returned to 
Rolla with his entire command. 

At Rolla 238 noncommissioned officers and men broke out in open mutiny, refus- 
ing to do any duty whatever, and declaring their determination to break up and 
come to St. Louis. They were laromptly arrested, disarmed, and sent to the North- 
ern part of Missouri to work on the blockhouses on the Hannibal and St. Joe 
Railroad. 

I inclose a list of the officers left with these men by Colonel Rombauer. They 
are now in St. Louis, with the exception of one major, one captain, and three lieu- 
tenants left with the few obedient men at Rolla. 

I do not believe it possible to make this regiment efficient with its present organi- 
zation and imder its present officers. I respectfully recommend that the mutineers 
be kept at hard labor until sufficiently submissive to discipline and then be per- 
mitted to enlist in other regiments. Those of the men who have remained obedient 
might be organized into a battalion under such officers as prove upon examination to 
be most efficient and the remaining officers be mustered out of service. 

I have also to report a mutiny in one company of the Fourth INIissouri Cavalry 
and three companies of the Fifth Missouri Cavalry, the same troops that gave so 
much trouble in north Missouri last winter. 

I have several of the leading mutineers in irons, awaiting trial, and the remainder 
at work on the fortifications at Rolla. I have no doubt of being able to reduce 
these men to sul)mission in a short time. 

I am satisfied these difficulties have resulted from the influence of certain lawyers 
in St. Lduis, who have jM'omised for a certain consideration to get these men mus- 
tered out of service. I shall spare no efforts to detect these men and bring them to 
punishment. 

While I think it would be an advantage to the service to get rid of these mutinous 
troops, it will doubtless be well to retain them as good subjects for punishment, as 
examples to others. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[J. M. SCHOFIELD,] 

Br iga d ie r- Genera I. 
[Book No. 568, Department of the Missouri, p. 5-1.] 

On August 16, 186iJ, Brig. Gen. Lewis Merrill, commanding the 
Division of Northeast Missouri, reported in a letter to General iScho- 
iield that there was likeh' to be trouble with the mutineers, and that 



U. S. RESERVE CORrS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. Ill 

as th(\v were ('\idontly uctiiig under the coiniction that they were 
clearly within th(>ir riuiits he was loath to proi-eed to extreme measures. 
His letter is as follows: 

IIkaduiaktkks Division Northeast Missoiui, 

Macon City, Mo., August Id, 1862. 
Col. C. W. Maksh, 

A.'^.'<lst(i)it-A(ljnlinit (imienil. 

Cdloxei,: I find that there is likely to be trouble with the mutineers. I inclose 
herewith a translation from one of the Saint Louis (iernian pa])ers, and would state, for 
the information of tlie general, that upon thorough investigation of the whole mat- 
ter, partly personal and partly through Lieutenant Brandt, that the men have become 
thoroughly convinced tliat they are doing right and will submit to any ijunishnient 
rather than work lieyond the thirty days, which, they claim, is the limitof tlietime 
for which they can l)e made to work without trial. Thinking at lirst that it was simply 
insubdrdination incited l»y some of the mischievous leaders among them, I had 
intencled issuin^an order requiring them to [go to] work and enforce the order to the 
extremest seventy, if need be, but became satisfied, on fuller investigation, that the 
whole of them are acting upon what they believe to be a principle of right, and that 
the result of the attempt would have been the necessity of shooting at least half of 
them. Had I been convinced that they had no justice in their claims I should not 
have hesitated to do so; but believing, as I am compelled to, that the distinct under- 
standing on their part on enlistment was that they were to serve only in the State, 
and that that statement was made l)y authority, I am loath to push to extremities 
men who, however wrong (I think), are acting upon principle. 

I submit the whole matter to the general for his decision, with the assurance that 
his orders will be enforced, whatever they may be. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Lewis Merrill, 
Brigadier- General, Comnumding. 

[Book No. 647, Department of the Missouri, ji. 6.] 

This letter was forwarded by General Sehotield to department 
headquarters with a letter of his own, in which he stated that, so far 
from being of any service to the Government, the Reserve Corps regi- 
ments had become a "positive burthen;" that, although the rolls did 
not show it, there could be no doubt that they were enlisted for service 
only in Missouri, and that it was done by General Fremont's order; 
that the order (General Orders, No. 2.5, of 1861) declining to recognize 
this limitation and giving them the option of being regularly mustered 
in as volunteers or being uiustered out had rendei'ed them dissatisfied 
with the service even in Missouri, and for these reasons he recom- 
mended that they be mustered out of service. His letter is as follows; 

Headquarters District of Missouri, 

*S'/. Louis, August 22, 1862. 
Maj. N. H. McLeax, 

Assistant ^Idjidant- General. 

]\L\.ior: I have the honor to recjuest that the so-called " Eeserve Corps" regiments 
of Missouri may be mustered out of service. So far from being of any service to the 
Government they are a positive burthen. 

They were enlisted for service only in Missouri. Of this there can be no doubt, 
although their muster-in rolls do not show it, and it was ilone by (reneral Fremont's 
order. The order declining to recognize this limitation and giving them the option 
to be regularly mustered in as volunteers or to be mustered out has rendered them 
discontented and dissatisfied with service even in Missouri. Theyai-e mostly troops 
of that character which can be kept in a tolerable state of discipline only by the 
presence of other troops who can be relied on to enforce orders. You are aware 
that this is impossible in Missouri, wliere troops are necessarily very much scattered. 

With a few honorable exceptions the officers of these regiments are utterly ineffi- 
cient. They have no control whatever over their men. 

If disbanded most of the men who are fit for active service will reenlist in other 
regiments, while the (Government will be relieved from the support of the old and 
worthless, of which there are a large number. 



112 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Two of the regiments, the First and Second, are now doing no service whatever. 
One of them ha-^ been under punishment more than a month, and not a single man 
is wilUng to return to duty on any terms. 

They seem to have a fixed conviction that they have been unjustly dealt with 
and an ob.'itinate determination to suffer auv punishment rather than to return to 
duty. 

I inclose a letter receive! from Colonel Merrill on the subject which exhibits the 
state of feeling among the men t > whom I refer. 

Notwithstanding that I am now in need of more troops, I am satisfied it will be an 
actual relief to mi to get rid of these men. I therefore respectfully but earnestly 
request the commanding general to authorize me to have them mustered out of 
service. 

I am, major, very respectiuUv, your obedient servant, 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, B rigadier-Generaf . 

[Book No. 568, Department of the Missouri, p. 95.] 

General Scofield's letter was forwarded to the Head|i^arter.s of the 
Army, and, on Aiig'ust 2S, 1832, he was authorized to master out of 
service the Riserve Corp-; reo-iments in his district. This authorit}^ 
was conve^^ed in a lettar of which the following is a copy: 

Ad.tctaxt-Ctexeka l's Office, 

Waith'mgton, I). C, August 28, 1862. 
Brig. Gen. .T. M. Schofield, 

Commanding District 3fissoun, St. Louis, Mo. 
Sir: I have the honor to acknowdedge the receiptof your letter of the 22d instant, in 
reference to the mustering out of service of tlie "Reserve Corps" regiments of Mis- 
souri. In reply I am directed to inform you that you are here):)y authorized to have 
the said regiments in your <listrict mustered out of the service of the United States. 

E. D. TOWNSEXD, 

Assistant Adjutunt-Gi'neral. 
[Letters sent, A. G. O., Vol. 2, 1862, p. 404.] 

Immediately upon the receipt of this letter (xeneral Schotield issued 
the following order: 

Speci.\l Orders, \ Headquarters District of Missouri, 

No. 98. i ,S'^ Louis, September 1, 1SG.2. 

Authority having been received from the War Department to muster out of service 
the Re.serve Corps regiments in this district, they will be mustered out as rapidly 
as their places can be supplieil by other troops. 

The Second Regiment (Colonel Kallman), now at Benton Barracks, will be mustered 
out without delay by Lieut. J. T. Price, Fifth United States Infantry. 

The portions of the First Regiment (Colonel Rombauer) now in this district will 
be assembled at Benton Barracks as soon as practicable, and when assembled will be 
mustered out of service by Lieutenant Price. 
By order of Brigadier-General Schotield: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Bo(jk No. 580, Department of the Missouri, \i. 75.] 

Because some of the Reserve Corps regiments had been mustered 
out of service under the provisions of the order qtioted above, other 
troops, originally organized as reserve regiments but not then serving 
as such, supposed that they should also he mustered out under the 
same order. Major-General Curtis, who had been assigned to the 
command of the Department of the Missouri, therefore issued a general 
order of which the following is a cop}": 

General Orders, "1 Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 21. / Si. Ijouis, Mo., Novemher 29, 1862. 

The commanding general is informe<i that because some of the United States 
Reserve Corps have been mustered out other troojis of other names suppose they 
should be. There is no reason for such a claim. Other troops not United States 
Reserve Corps can not be mustered out. 



U. S. RESERVE CORPB, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 113 

The Second ML^souri Artillery was lirst enrolleil as Hoiue (Tiiards, Init with their 
own consent they were afterwards reyjalarly miHtered in as three-year volunteers 
by Lieutenant Sanford, U. S. A., and the matter was fully explained in (iermanand 
Euiilish. All officers, soldiers, and citizens should inculcate ()uiet (i)>edienee to duty, 
and any person or persons enirau'ed in circulatinir petitions to be nui-Jtered out or 
threats of mutiny in the Second Artillery or any other troops not United States 
Reserve Corps will !>e arrested and punished l)y a military connnission. 

By command of ]Major-(ieneral Curtis: 

H. Z. CtKTIS, 

Assii<t(int Adjiitant-denei'dL 

This order, howover, did not clicck the chiuior that had been raised 
for the muster out of such troops as had been orio-inally enlisted with 
a supposed limitation as to the field of their service. The Second Mis- 
souri Artillery had orio-inally )>een oro-anized as the First Artillery, 
United KStates Reserve Corps, and the members of tlie original org'an- 
ization persisted in the claim that they were entitled to be mustered 
out of service under the provisions of Special Orders, No. 98, of 1862, 
directing" the muster out of the Reserve Corps regiments. 

The initial correspondence relative to the nmster out of this regi- 
ment is found in a letter from the regimental commander, dated Sep- 
temt)er 11, 1SH2. in which he requested to l)e informed wdiether or not 
the Second Missouri Artillery was to be nmstered out of service under 
the provisions of the special orders referred to. To this inquiry Gen- 
eral Schofield replied as follows: 

IlEAIHirARTERS DISTRICT OF MISSOURI, 

September 12, 1862. 

The Second Missouri Artillery was reorganized and became volunteers soon after 
Major-General Halleck assumed command of the department. Therefore it is not 
to be considered as belonging; to the Reserve Corps. But even were this not the case, 
that regiment would be retained in service, since their services are needed in the 
position for which they were originally enlisted, and there are no other troops which 
can be used to replace them. Therefore the Second Missouri Artillery will not be 
mustered out of service. 

[M. 961, V. S., 1868.] 

A petition of certain mem1)ers of the regiment for discharge was 
subsequently submitted, in which it was claimed by the petitioners 
that they were enlisted to serve in the forts in the neighborhood of St. 
Louis, as reserve corps, and not as volunteers, but that they had been 
attached to and comptdled to serve with other troops, without their 
consent and without having been mustered into ser\ice as volunteers, 
being in many instances severely punished for refusing to serve as vol- 
unteer soldiers. The petitioners therefore claimed that they -were 
entitled to be mustered out of service under the order directing the 
muster out of the United States Reserve Corps. This petition was 
indorsed by Major-Cxeneral Curtis, then commanding the Department 
of the Missouri, under date of March 11, 1863, as follows: 

St. Louis, March 11, 1S63. 

During the'summer of 1861 1 ascertained this artillery regiment was being enrolled 
as Home (jruards or Reserve Corps, and I ordered the Colonel (Almstedt) and the 
mustering officer of St. Louis to see that this was changed and that the men must be 
properly mustered as volunteers according to the then-existing laws. Colonel 
Almstedt and the mustering officer have both assured me they were so mustered. I 
also directe<l the matter shonld be explained to the men in lioth German and Eng- 
lish. When bounties and other advantages were offered, tliese men mutinie<l and 
insisted on being mustered out as other Reserve Corps had been, and tliey were pun- 
ished for mutiny. 

I refer the matter to Colonel Almstedt that he may state the facts. Even if they 
are Reserve Corps, that does not create a right to be mustered out, as they, even as so 

S. Doc. 412 8 



114 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

mustered, agreed to serve three years; and the order to muster out Reserve Corps was 
intended to apply to other troops and created no right that these men should be 
allowed to claim if the Government thinks they should be continued in the service 
as Reserve Corps. No regin;ent has had such accommodations of quarters, rations for 
families, and other favors, and this continual appeal to muster out is in violation of 
repeated promises that they would return to duty if allowed to do so. 

It is, however, proper for me to say many of the privates seem to have misunder- 
stood the matter, and I have called the troops back within the State of Missouri 
where, as Reserve Corps, they certainlj^ have no reason to claim exemption service. 

S. R. Curtis, Major- GeneraJ. 

[Iljid.] 

On March 16, ISGo, the commanding officer of the Second Missouri 
Artillery addressed General Curtis as follows: 

Headquarters Second Missouri Artillery, 

St. Lotm, March 16, 1S63. 

In compliance with the within request of Maj. Gen. S. R. Curtis, I wonld state the 
following: 

Even if the Second Missouri Artillery would be entitled as Reserve Corps to be 
mustered out the regiment could not be mustered out of service, as the order of the 
Secretary of War reads that " those United States Reserve Corps regiments should be 
mustered out of service as soon as they could be spared." And Generals Curtis and 
Schofield decided that this regiment could not be spared, as there is no regiment in 
service suitable to fill the place of the Second Missouri Artillery. 

But without regard to this I am going to prove tliat the members of the Second Mis- 
souri Artillery are v^olunteers. 1. They voluntarily enlisted to serve three years for 
the United States, in what capacity, as reserve or volunteers, seems to be immaterial, 
as a soldier has to do his duty in either. 2. They enlisted as reserve, but were con- 
verted into volunteers November 21, 1861, and were mustered as Second Artillery 
Missouri Volunteers on the 31st of December, 1861. Those men who did not like to 
serve as volunteers any longer were mustered out of service on or about the 1st of 
February, 1862, amounting to about 320 men — mustered out at once. But since that 
time the old soldiers of the regiment became weary of this long, protracted war, and 
therefore they hunt up some reasons in support of their intention to get mustered 
out of service, as the times are here now very favorable to working people. 3. The 
higher authorities are very well aware that the Second Missouri Aitillery is not in 
the least entitled to claim to be mustered out of service, that its claims are only 
founded in the wishes of a small party of it and at the instigation of certain attorne^ys 
at law who are only attempting to make moiipy outof these troubles, very well know- 
ing that they can not succeed by right without overthrowing the facts. But several 
honest ones, after having investigated the claims of the claimants, were soon con- 
vinced that there was no legal claim at all on the part of the membei's of the Second 
Missouri Artillery, and therefore dropped the case; but only one attorney at law, 
Washington Hendricks, did not cease to stir up the troubles in the regiment, and he 
succeeded as far as to get a certain amount of money in advance out of his poor 
proteges, with the promise to get some more after having succeeded. These are 
simple facts which are reported to me. 4. The first pay roll, on which the regiment 
got paid, of the 31st of December, 1861, styles the regiment as volunteers and not as 
Reserve Corps, and they voluntarily received their pay from the paj^master as volun- 
teers without any remonstrance; afterwards all the men got mustered out of service 
who did not like to serve as volunteers. 

In addition to the above facts I would state that mostly everything contained in 
the report and the accompanying affidavits of Washington Hendricks is false. He 
says that "these men are suffering horribly from the unjust treatment inflicted on 
them by their officers." This has never happened except in cases of mutiny, for 
the most of which Washington Hendricks is responsible. The most part of these 
mutineers were temporarily detached to other regiments and there forced to do duty. 
The punishment inflicted upon the mutineers with the regiment were adequate to 
their crime. Furthermore, he says that his affiants have been detached to other and 
volunteer corps without their consent, but he does not develop that this was the just 
treatment for their mutineering. First Lieutenant Kreinbaum is the only officer 
of the regiment who made an affidavit in this matter, but his reasons are very plain. 
He is under arrest since middle of December, 1862, tried by a general court-martial, 
and he was very well aware that he would be dismissed the service. This induced 
him to help mutineering, though under arrest when he signed his affidavit. 

Henry Almstedt, 
Commanding Second Missouri Artillery Volunteers. 

[Ibid.] 



IT. S. KESERVK (OKI'S, THRKK YKAKs' SERVICE. 115 

On March HO, 186^, a petition for dlsi-liargc was indorsed by 
Brio-. Gen. J. W. Davidson, commanding the St. Louis District, as 

follows: 

IIkaikjcautkhs St. l.oris Distkict, Murch 30, 1863. 

Hcsiiectfiilly forwarded with ri-quei-'t that a hoard \w ajijxjiiited to examine into 
the merits of tliis complaint. A detacliment of this iv,niment at I'ilot Knoh serving 
witii a battery is in mutiny. Anotiier servinji; with a batteiy at Benton Barracks 
was recently in mutiny. Another serving as heavy artillery at C-ape Girardeau 
was recently in mutiny. A detrfchment serving with the Twenty-yecond Iowa 
VoUmteers by department orders left that regiment and is, I am informed, in this 
city, thus deserting their station. This calls for a decision upon the difference 
between the otiicers and men as to what the regiment is, whether as volunteers or 
Reserve C'orps. 

Respectfully sul)mitte(I. J. W. Davidson, 

Bil(/i(dli'r- General, Commanding. 

[Ibid.] 

On April 4, IS»>3, a " hoard of in(|uiry" was ap!)ointed by General 
Curtis '"to inqtiire into and report upon the conduct and complaints 
of certain otiicers and enlisted men of the 8 'L'ond Regiment Missouri 
Artillery."' The tindings of the board, of which Bi-;g. G;'n. Fitz Henry 
Warren was president, and which met April 8, 1863, at St, Louis, 
Mo., Avere as follows: 

First. The present Second Regiment Artillery Missouri V^olunteers was originally 
enlisted and mustered into service as the First Regiment Artillery LTnited States 
Reserve Corps, with the nndei'standing on the part of the men that they were to 
serve only in the State of ^lissouri and ))rincij)ally in the St. Louis fortifications. 

Second. The change of the name of the regiment on November 20, 1861, by order 
of the commander of ^'he district of St. Louis could not change the nature o: service 
due by the men, except, first, it was made with their full consent; and, second, unless 
they were rennistered into the United States service as volunteers. 

Third. The men of this regiment have never consented to a change of the nature 
of the service due ])y them to the United States. 

Fourth. This regiment has never been remustered into the United States service 
as volunteei's. 

Fifth. The conclusion from the above is that the Second Regiment AHillery Mis- 
souri Volunteers is a Reserve Corps regiment, and entitled to be treated as such in all 
respects. 

Sixth. The letter from the War Department to Brigadier-General Schofield, stat- 
ing that he is authorized to muster out of service the Reserve Corps, although 
permissive rather than directory in its language, yet when taken in connection with 
the letter of General Schofield, to which it is in reply, should be deemed an order to 
muster out all Reserve Corps, and that General Schofield himself so construed it is 
apparent fi-om his Special Orders, No. 98, in relation to the regiments of Colonels Kail- 
man and Rombauer. This l)oard is therefore of the ojiinion that the present so-called 
Second Regiment Missoui-i Volunteers, ])eing in reality a Reserve Corps regiment, 
should be mustered out of the service. 

Seventh. In case the regiment, as such, is mustered out of the service, still the 600 
men now in it who have been recruited since the change of name and under the 
notice that they were to serve as volunteers, and have been nmstered into the United 
States service as volunteers, are not entitled to be mustered out, but should be reor- 
ganized and assigned to duty. 

Eighth. The original mustering in of this regiment as a Reserve Corps regiment 
was illegal, l)eing in (Opposition to existing orders. 

Nintli. When this regiment was originally mustered in, it contained nearly 500 
men unfit for duty, and who have since been discharged for ]>hysical disability exist- 
ing at tlie time they were enlisted, and for tliis the United States mustering officer 
anil the inspecting surgeon should be held to answer. 

Tenth. The evi<lence discloses such a condition of affairs in the regiment as to 
render its reorganization indispensably essential to its efficiency in the event of its 
])eing retained in the service. 

Eleventh. The order convening this board calls upon them to report ujion tlie 
"conduct" of the regiment. The evidence discloses the fact that most of the com- 
panies have at some period or other Ijeen in a state of mutiny, the alleged reason 
in each instance being that they were illegally changed from United States Reserve 



IIG MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Corps to United States Volunteers without their consent and against their will. 
While the board can never Ijelieve that mutiny was justifiable, they express the 
opinion that the grievance alleged was real. 

[Ihid.l 

The proceeding's and tindino's of the ))oard were forwarded })y 'Shijov- 
General Curtis by indorsement dated May 7, 1863, as follows: 

Heaixh'arters Dki'Aktmext of the Missorui, 

St. Loiii^, Mai/ 7, 186.3. 
Respectfully forwardeil to the Adjiitant-Oeneral of the Army, accompanying letter 
to the General in Chief (jf date of May 4. Attention U respectfully calleil to the pio- 
ceedings and finding of the court of inquiry, and the affidavits, orders, letters, and 
other papers attached. Should the timling of the court be approved, I have the 
honor to request that these papers be returned with full instructions a;; to the ilis- 
position to be made of the "Reserve Corps" portion of the Second Missouri Artillery. 

S. R. Curtis, Major-Heneral. 
[Ibid.] 

The letter of May 4, 18H8, referred to in General Ciirtis's indorse- 
ment, is as follows: 

HEADCiUAKTEKS DEPARTMENT OF THE MiSSOl'RI, 

St. Louis, May 4, 1863. 
Maj. Gen. H. W. Hallpxk, 

Genrral in Cliirf. 

General: A'ours of the 29th ultiuKj, concerning the Second Artillery Regiment, is 
received. You are mistaken in supjjosing all are to l)e mustered out. Kone will be 
if you are sure a full "thorough examination" was had last year and the matter was 
properh' then and there decided that "they were regularly mustered in for tlie war." 
The order to remuster was given by me and I had been assured by the officers they 
had been remustered, and so they were. But it was for pay and not for muster in 
again. I have tried to force these men to do duty. They have l')een punished 
almost to the death; but tliey liave demanded a hearing on a charge of fraud in this 
second muster. General Davidson, a severe di.-^ciplinarian, an<l Geueral Warren, and 
Colonel Glover, who had detachments of these trooj)s and in various ways endeav- 
ored to force obedience, assured me there was some mistake, and tlie facts should be 
inquired into. They would not 'lo duty and were worse than u-eless. The men 
asked to have the facts determined. There is nothing on record that shows the men 
had been heard- in the premises. They claimed the benefit of the order requiring 
me to muster out the Reserve Corps, and if the fact existed as they still averred, I 
supposed my duty plain. On their petition, properly indorsed, I finally submitted 
the matter to discreet, unprejudiced officers. They called in the officers and prob- 
ably som? of the men, and the proof shows tliat they were not remustered and snorn 
as three-year volunteers They did not so understand it, and the rolls do not show 
it, but on the contrary show they are still a specialty. 

No one was more vexed and surprised than I have been in this matter. It was a 
remuster under pretense of pay muster, and the rolls show it was only muster for pay. 

The court, I believe, decided unanimously that the}' were not renmstered; that 
they are a Reserve Corps, and ought to be mustered out pursuant to your order. I 
have suspended the muster out as your telegraph expressed disapproval, and I shall 
still await your further orders. Although only part of the corps have been regarded 
as Home Guards, the whole regiment is demoralized. I am sure no one knows bet- 
ter than I do the troubles that have arisen from these irregular organizations, and I 
have always regretted the order which they persistently claim as a right to l>e nms- 
tered out. Properly enrolled we have no Vjetter soldiers, but as now organized they 
are only useful when they think tlieir homes are in danger. I have resisted step l)y 
step these losses of Home Guard troo])s, and my utmost efforts fail. The jiroof is 
irresistible. They are included within the scope of my orders from you and the 
honorable Secretary of War. Shall I proceed to execute the order and try to get 
new a?id unquestionable nuisters? It seems to me necessary. 

I re.uain, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

S. R. CcRTis, Major-Gcncral. 

P. S. — I send herewith the original petition of the soldiers of tliis regiment with 
(ieneral Davidson's indoi'sement, the j)roceedingsanil findings of the board of inquiry, 
and all the papers in the case. 

S. R. Cl'RTis, Mujor-General. 

[Ibid.] 



U. S. RE8K11VK CORI^S, TIIRp;!: VKARs' SKKVICK. 117 

A hrief of tli(^ c isp liiivino- liccii siiniuittt'd to tin- (umu'I'hI in Chid", 
it WHS iiulor.s(Hl l»y liim ;is follows: 

This n'}:iiueut "(/.s rfinustered as vnluntwrs l'<»r tliret' years or {\w war, wliilf 1 
(•(iiuiiiaiitU'd thtMU']>artiiK'nt, aii<l under the sni)ervisioii (if a staff (illieer. All the men 
undiTstiKxl the character of the enjiairenient. Those who v ished to he eonsidered 
as simply " Ihjine < inards" were discharjieil. As many of the men had families in St. 
Louis, tlicy were told that they would tie retained there, unless [re(|uired] elsewhere, 
hut were to he subject to any service any.where. Therecoiild have been nojiossihle 
misunderstanding; on this subject, and (ieneral Curtis was wronj; in again reviewinj; 
tly- (|uestion. Tlioscmen who were luilit forservii't'shouM have been discharired and 
the rc<riment tilled up or its orj.'anization reduced. The men had no claim whatever 
lor a disi-har;:e on the <rround of improper enlistment. 

And now the rejriment sliould lie filled up, if possible, and if not, its or<j-ani/ation 
should be reduced. 

II. W. II AI.I.KCK, (•iliifdl lit CJiUf. 

.M\v ir,, is»;:i. 
[Ibid.] 

Oil .Imio lo. ls()8, a .special inspection of the reoiment was ofdered. 
In tlicii' report, dated June 30, 1.S63, the inspecting" officers remarked: 

The men and officers at that time fSeptend)er 12, bSt52) claimed, as they have con- 
tinually since, that they were deceived by the nuistering oiticer at the remu.<ter in 
November, ISfil, not understanding there was to l)e any change of the conditions of 
their <iriginal oath, but that this remuster was to enable them to draw pay and 
clothing. The result of this dect'jiticjn is constant trouble. The men refuse to do 
duty, and, in fact, nearly all examined have not drilled for three or four months, 
many for eight or nine, and some for one year. They are completely denioralized 
and worthless as soldiers. There is no doubt but they will continue so till all the 
Reserve Corps men in the regiment are mustered out. They are seriously injuring 
the voiunti>er.s by their mutinous spirit, which is constantly exhibited. 

Iiuriiig the excitement attending the Marmaduke raid in April, P)i-igadier-(-ieneral 
Davidson, by order of .Major-( ieneral Curtis, visited the fortifications and promised 
the men if they would do their duty as soldiers till the trouble was over they shouM 
be mustered out. 

[Ibid.] 

Ill concJiidinLi" tlieir report, the inspectino- officers siio-tjested as the 
onl\ method of niakin;i' the reoiment efficient that all of the officers 
and men who had entfM'ed the service as memhersof the United States 
Reserve Corps l)e mustered out of service. The report was indorsed 
l)y the inspectoi'-oc'iKM-al of the Department of ^lissouri as follow-: 

HE.\I)(iU.\RTER.S DkI'AKT.MENT OK TllK ^IlSSOlKl, 

lNSI'ErroK-(TEXEK.\L's Dei'aktment, 

.S7. Lnuls, Jul II 36, 1S63. 

Respectfully referred to the major-general commanding the department for his 
informati(jn and action. Those officers and enlisted men of the l^econd Regiment of 
Miss(juri Artillery claiming to belong to the Reserve Corjis (and these compose more 
than one-half of saiil regiment) area nui.sance, and decide<lly a dangerous element 
to the service in this city. Their officers are grossly inetiicient and neglectful of their 
duties and afraid of their men; they are not lit for their jKisitions. All those claim- 
ing To behjng to the Reserve Corjis deserve the severest penalties known to the mili- 
tary law for "disobedience of orders," " nmtiny and sedition," Viecause here in St. 
J^ouis, where they acknowledge they enlisted to do duty, they are constantly guilty 
of all and every one of the military offenses named. This spirit of insubordination 
has lieen greatly stinnilated and kept alive by incendiary articles published in the 
< lerman papers in St. Louis, and the editors of such ]xipers sluiuld be severely dealt 
with for such cojiduct. 

If if should be deemeil advisable for the interests of the G(ivernment by the major- 
general commanding the department and by the su]ierior authorities ti> whom he 
may refer this matter that the severer course of coercion and punishment in order 
that these men may be obli<jed to do their duty be dispensed with, then I would 
most respectfvdly and earnestly recommend that all those claiming to lu'long to the 
Reserve Corps be immeiliately nmstered out of service. 

Jas. Tottex, 
JirUjiidier-drncrdJ, TnK}iector-(li'n('r<ir >< Ihpartiitent. 

[Ibid.] 



118 MISSOTTEI TROOPS irNION, 

The inspection report wus forwarded to the Adjutant-General of the 
Army, accompanied by a letter from General Schotield as follows: 

HuADtiUARTERS DEPAJiT.MEXT OF THE MiS.'-OURI, 

St. Louis, Mo., Jul;/ .^7, 1863. 

Col. E. D. TOWNSEND, 

Assistant Adjutant- General, U. S. A., Wasliingfov, D. C. 

Colonel: I have the honor to transmit herewith inspection report of the Second 
Artillery Missouri Volunteers, with request that it be laid Vjefore the General in 
Chief, and his special attention asked to the facts as set forth in the report and the 
recommendations of the inspecting officers. 

I am aware that in November, 1861, this regiment was reorganized and remustered 
with the intention of making it a volunteer regiment. Whatever else may have been 
done it is quite certain that the men were entirely deceived as to the nature and 
object of this remuster. Whether this deception was intentional or not on the part 
of their othcers, it would Ije difficult, if not impossiV)!e, to ascertain. Whether 
intentional or not the effect is the same. The feeling of the men is too unanimous 
to admit of a doubt as to their sincerity. I am satisfied, therefore, that the men and 
officers who were in the regiment at the time of remuster in 1861 siiould be mustered 
out of service as a simple act of justice, even were there no other considerations 
involved. 

Unfortunately this question has been discussed during the last year in a party 
spirit, by the press of St. l^onis, and has been made the occasion for reflection upon 
the official conduct of the several officers involved in it here, also that of the Gen- 
eral in Chief and War Ue{)artment. This, added to the repeated promises that have 
been made to the men that they should ))e nmstered out, has so increased tlie dis- 
order and mutinous spirit in the regiment that any remedy short of muster out would, 
in my opinion, be unavailing. I have determined not to make the attempt to return 
the men to duty without once more appealing to the General in Chief to permit me 
to reorganize the regiment and muster out the "Reserves." With this authority I 
can soon make it a good regiment, efiicient for service where it will l)e needed. " It 
never has been, and never will be, of any use v/hatever in St. Louis. Now it is a 
disgrace to the service, as well as utterly useless. 

I respectfully request an early decision of this question. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. IM. SciiOFiELD, 3faior-GenernL 

[Ibid.] 

On August 3, 1803, the General in Chief, to whom the inspection 
report had been stibmitted, authorized General Schotield to muster 
out such oificers and men of the Second Artillerv as he mig-ht deem 
necessary. Thereupon General Schotield issued the following- order: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters I'epartment of the Mi.ssouri, 

No. 219. J St. Louis, Mo., August 13, 1863. 

•X- * * * -X- * « 

3. All the noncommissioned officers and privates of the Second Kegiment Artillery 
Missouri Volunteers, with the exceptions hereinafter referred to, who were enlisted 
before the 20th day of November, 1861, will be mustered out of service without delay. 

All men who are now under punishment by sentence of general court-martial or 
military commission, all who have l)een tried and are awaiting sentence, and certain 
others against whom grave charges have been preferred (a list of which men accom- 
panies this order for the information of the mustering officer) will be excepted from 
this muster out of service. 

The Second Missouri Artillery Volunteers will be reorganized and recruited to its 
maximum as rapidly as practicable. 

For this jurposea military board will be appointed to examine the ca]iacity, quali- 
fications, propriety of conduct, and efficiency of all tlie commissioned officers of the 
regiment, and to consolidate the men remaining in the regiment after the muster 
out hereby ordered into the proper numl)er of full t-ompanies. T'|)on the report of 
this board the C(jmmanding general will order the muster out of such officers as shall 
not be found fitteil for tlieir positions. 

The assistant commissary of musters of the District of St. Louis will make the 
musters required by this order. ■■ * * 

By conunand of Major-(7eneral Schofield: ' 

J. A. Campbell, 
Assistant A diulant- Genera]. 



U. S. RESEUVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 119 

The history of the several oro-anizationsof the United States Reserve 
Corps aeeepted into service for the period of three years is, briefly, 
as follows: 

CAVAI.KY. 

First BitftaVioii^ nho liunm (t.s ^^ ILilhui [Lirx< y — This battalion was 
organized from October, 1861. to February, 1802, at St. Louis and 
Warrenton, Mo. One company of the battalion was nmstered out of 
service March -t, 1862, by order of General Halleck, apparently under 
the provisions of General Orders, No. 25 "of Decemlier 14, 1861, head- 
quarters Department of the Missouri. Of the other six companies, 
three were consolidated with the "Fremont Hussars" to form the 
Fourth Missouri Cavalry, and were mustered out of service in Sep- 
tember, 1862, under the provisions of Special Orders, No. 98, ''of Septem- 
ber 1, 1862, District of Missouri, directing- the nuister out of the 
Reserve Corps regiments. The remaining- tliree companies were con- 
solidated with the '" Benton Hussars" to form the Fifth Missouri 
Cavalry and were mustered out in September, 1862, under the provis- 
ions of the special orders before cited directing- the muster out of the 
Reserve Corps regiments. 

ARTILLERY. 

First R('(/liiicnt. — This regiment, composed of twelve companies of 
heav}' artillery and three light batteries, was organized at St. Louis. Mo. , 
from Septemi)er to November, 1861. On November 20, 1861, its des- 
ignation was changed by order of Brigadier-General Curtis, command- 
ing the St. Louis District, to the "Second Regiment Missouri Volun- 
teers, " The number of companies was subsequently reduced by consol- 
idation to the regulation standard. The enlisted men who belonged to 
the original Reserve Corps regiment, except those who were reserved 
for punishment, were mustered out of service under the provisions of 
S]3ecial Orders. No. 219'' of August 13, 1863. headquarters Department 
of the Missouri. 

INFANTRY. 

First Regiment. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
during the month of September, 1861, and was mustered out of serv- 
ice during the months of September and October, 1862, under the pro- 
visions of Special Orders, No. 98,'' headquarters District of Missouri, 
dated September 1, 1862, authorizing- the muster out of the Reserve 
Corps reg'iments. 

Second Regihnnt. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis. ]Mo., 
during the months of August and September, 1861, and was mustered 
out of service in Septend)er, 1862. under the provisions of Special 
Orders, No. 98,'' headcjuarters District of ^Missouri, dated September 
1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regiments. 

Third Regiment. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
during the months of August and September, 1861. It was consoli- 
dated with the Gasconade County l^attalion. United States Reserve 
Corps, to form the Fourth Missouri Volunteers, which latter regiment 
was mustered out of service February 1, 1863. apparently under the 

"Order quoted on page 106. ''Order quoted on page 112. '"Order quoted on page 118. 



120 MISSOUEI TROOPS — uisrioN. 

provisions of Special Orders, No. 1)S," hearlcjuarters District of Mis- 
souri, dated Septeml)er 1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the 
Reserve Corps regiments. 

Fourth R-ginirnt. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, ^Jo., 
during the months of September and Octol)er, 1S61, and was mustered 
out of service January 13, 1S62. apparently under the provisions of 
General Orders, No. 25'' of December 14, is(U, headquarters Depart- 
ment of the Missouri. 

Fifth Reyiinejit. — This regiment was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
from September to Deccml)er. isoi, and was consolidated with ceilain 
independent companies to form the Fifth Missouri Volunteers. The 
companies originally forming the Reserve Corps regiment were mus- 
tered out of service November 22, 1S62. under the provisions of Spe- 
cial Orders, No. 98,'' headquarters District of Missouri, dated Septem- 
ber 1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regi- 
ments. 

Gasconade Count i/ Battalion. — This battalion was organized at Her- 
mann, Mo,, from October, 1861, to January, 1862. It was consolidated 
with the Third Infantry, United States Reserve Corps, to form the 
Fourth Missouri Volunteers, which latter regiment was mustered out 
of service February 1, 1863, apparently under the provisions of Special 
Orders, No. 98," headquarters District of Missouri, dated September 
1, 1862, authorizing the muster out of the Reserve Corps regiments. 

KreheTs Battalion. — This battalion was organized at St. Louis, Mo., 
during the month of August, 1861. It was mustered out of service 
January 8, 1862, apparent!}' under the provisions of General Orders, 
No. 2.5,'' of December 14, 1861, headquarters Department of the 
Missouri. 

Van ITorn^s Battalion. — This l)attalion was organized at Kansas City, 
Mo., during the months of June, July, and August, 1861, under 
authority of General Lyon. It was captui'ed and paroled at Lexington, 
Mo., September 20, 1861, and the greater portion of the enlisted men 
were mustered out of service October 29, 1861, The remaining mem- 
bers were consolidated with the Thirteenth Regiment iSIissouri Infantry 
in Decembei', 1861, the consolidated force forming the Twenty-fifth 
Missouri Infantry, No claim appears to have been made by members 
of this regiment for discharge under the orders directing the nuister 
out of the l^nit(Kl States Reserve Corps regiments. 

Dietnch\'< Independent Conqianij. — This company was organized at 
Manchester, Mo., August L5, 1861. It was mustered out of service 
Feln-uary 3, 1862, apparently under the provisions of General Orders, 
No. 25,'' of December 14, 1861, headquarters Department of the 
Missouri, 

Kiiafs Independent Company. — This company was organized at 
Franklin, Mo,, during the months of September and October, 1861. 
It was mustered out of service January 23, 1862, apparenth' under 
the provisions of General Orders. No, 25,'' of Deceml)er 14, 1861, 
headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

The status of the United States Reserve Corps accepted into the 
service for the period of three years was that of Missouri volunteers 
in the service of the United States, It formed a part of the military 
establishment of the United States during the short period of its 

"^ Order quoted on page 112, * Order quoted on page 106. 



U. S. RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 121 

existence. Its history has l)eon g'iven soniowhtit in detail and at con- 
siderable length, especially with reu-jird to individual organizations, 
because the peculiar conditions of acceptance, the incidents of service, 
and the cause of disbandnient may be of importance in the determina- 
tion of (juestions tluit may arise relative to the rio-hts of ofticers and 
enlisted men. or thci)- ri'presiMitatives. under the bounty and pension 
hiws und the statutes with ri'^ard to travel-pay. and other allowances. 
'I'hese (juestions, however, are not within the jurisdiction of the War 
Departnu^nt. except so far as th(\v involvf' ((uestions with regard to 
military status or service. 

As sliown in this report, the United States Reserve Corps or<:;iniza- 
tions, three years' service, were one battalion of cavahy, one rej^iment 
of artillery, and five re_o-iments, three battalions, and two independent 
companies of infantry. 



THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. 



Like the Missouri militia of 1861, the three years' volunteers accepted 
into the service from that State during the early period of the civil 
war were enrolled and organized under the supervision of the United 
States military authorities. No specific authority for their organiza- 
tion has been found of record, l)ut that such authority was given is 
shown by the recorded correspondence. In a letter dated Mav r^i, 
1861, addressed to the Secretary of War, Col. F. P. Blair, jr. (colonel 
of the First Missouri Militia, three months' service), referred to "the 
four regiments assigned to Missouri for three years' service," and to 
an "order requiring two-thirds of the officers to be appointed by the 
governor of the State," which order he said would not be complied 
with, "and the Government could not accept officers appointed by a 
traitor under anv circumstances." Following is a copv of Colonel 
Blair's letter: 

St. Louis, Mo., May 34, 1861. 
Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War: 

The four regiments assigned to Missouri for three years' service can easily be raised, 
but the order requiring two-thii'ds of the officers to be appointed by the governor of 
the State will not be complied with, and the Government could not accept officers 
appointed by a traitor under any circumstances. 

As the l>rigade will be under command of General Lyon, will it not be best to 
allow him to nominate the officers, suljject to the approval of the President? Send 
him the order Ijy telegraph imme<liately. 

******* 

F. P. Blair, Jr. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 375, 
376.] 

Under date of June 1, 1861, Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who had 
succeeded to the command of the Department of the West, addressed 
a letter to the President in which (subscribing himself as commanding 
the arsenal at St. Louis) he referred to " four regiments for the three 
years' service" as the quota of the State of Missouri, and recommended 
the acceptance of the "American Zouave Corps," of St. Louis, as an 
additional regiment. This letter is as follows: 

Arsenal, St. Louis, June 1, 1861. 
His Excellency Abraham Lincoln, 

President of the United States. 
Dear Sir: The "American Zouave Corps," of St. Louis, composed of some of the 
best young men of the city, have earnestly entreated me to receive them into the 
United States service, which I regret I have not the power to do. 

I have referred them to Your P]xcellency, and Charles P. Johnson, esq., one of 
their number, visits "Washington City for the purpose of tendering the services of the 
regiment to the Administration for such time as may he required by the public neces- 

122 



THREE years' VOLUNTEERS. 123 

pities. You can place full reliance upon the representations of Lieutenant Johnson, 
ami [ trust I may lu' perniitteil to hope that the tender of this valuable coT-ps, coni- 
iuL' as it does from this locality, will l)e accejited at once. If more than four reiji- 
nients for tiie three years' service are to be accepted from this State, it is important 
this should l)e known, ami how many, as five rej,dments have already off ere<l besides 
tiie al)ove. At the request of parties interested the above is .submitted to the 
I're-ident. 

Very respectfully, N. Lyon, 

Brif/adier-Gciii'rn! of I'oJiniteers, Coiinnandlug. 
[503 W, A. G. O., ISOl.] 

A similar letter was addressed to the President on the same day 
by Colonel Blair. These letters were indorsed by the President as 
follows: 

I think the Zouave rejjinient ought to be received, for moral effect a.s well as for 
military pur{)oses. It will be a counterpoise to the prejudice against the Germans. 
I refer the case to you [Attorney-Oieneral] and Mr. Blair, as the special committee 
on ^lissouri. 

June 0, 1861. 

[Ibid.] 

A letter on the sn])je<-t of the existino- "■prejudice against the Ger- 
mans," referred to in the President's indorsement, had been previously 
addressed to the Secretary of War by Brio-. Gen. William S. Harney, 
General Lyon's predecessor in the coumiand of the Department of the 
West. This letter, dated Mav 15, 1861, in which General Harney 
recommended the oroanization of a reo'iment to consist "exclusively of 
Irishmen," was indorsed by Colonel Blair, who concurred in General 
Harney's reconuuendation. Followino- is a copy of the letter and 
indorsement: 

East St. Locis, III., Mat/ 15, 1861. 
Hon. Si.Mox Cameron, Secretary of War: 

I think it of the utmost importance that an additional regiment, consisting exclu- 
sively of Irishmen, should be raised in St. Louis. It will at once settle matters in 
St. Louis and do away with the prejudice against the Government troops, which 
consist alniost exclusively of Germans. 

Wm. S. Harney, 
Bri'ja'Jier-fn'neral, Commanding. 

I concur in the importance and policy of General Harney's recommendations, and 
believe that it will end our troubles liere and enable our troops to do service else- 
where. 

Frank P. Blair, Jr., 

Cohmi'l Firt^f. llegbnent Missouri l^olintfeers. 

[Otticial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, pp. 
S73-374.] 

No record has been found of a replv to (Tcneral Harney's letter of 
May 15, 1S61, or to Colonel Blair's letter of May 21. 1801, but on 
fFune 7, 1861, the Secretary of War addressed (xeneral Lyon as 
follows: 

War Department, ]\'ayIungtou, June 7, 1S61. 
Brig. (ien. X. Lvox, 

VontnvDidinrj Misxuuri Volwdeers, St. Lonix. 
General: You are directed to mu.«ter in for the war the regiment known as the 
"American Zouaves," Morgan L. Smith, colonel. 

In explanation of orders heretofore given, it is proper to say that it was intended 
to allow all the men already in service in Missouri to be mustered in for the war, or 
others to be I'eceived in lieu of them for that term. 

Si.MOX Cameron. 
[503 W., A. G. O., 1861.] 



124 MISSOURI TEOOPS UNIOX. 

It will bs S3311 that, althou^'h the originil '"orders" or instractions 
have nat been dis:':)vered, thi military authorities at St. Louis were 
authorized to receive into the servace of the United Stites for the 
three years' term all of the militia and United States Reserve Corps 
troops then in service, or their equivalent, numl^ering upward of 
10,000 men. This authority was evidently given under the Presi- 
dent's call of Mav 3, 1861, for 42.034 volunteers. The question as to 
the appointment of officers, raised in Colonel Blair's letter of May 24, 
18t)l, appears to have been ignored. 

The organization of volunteer regiments for the long term was at 
once begun, the First Missouri Militia being reorganized during the 
month of June. 1861, and accepted into service for the period of three 
years under authoi'ity of General Lyon, by whom authoritv was also 
given for the organization of a number of new regiments. The work 
thus begun b}" General Lyon was continued by his successor, Maj. 
Gen. John C. Freniont, who, on July 2.5, 1861, assumed command of 
the newly created Western Department. 

Under date of August 5, 1861, the governor of the State, under the 
new State government, was authorized by the War Department to 
raise 15 regiments — 10 of infantry, 3 of cavalry, and 2 of artillery. 
This authority, which was evidently given under the acts of July 22 
and 25, 1861, was conveyed in a letter of which the following is a 
copy: 

War Depaktmext, ]] dsJiingtoti, August 5, 1861. 
His Excellency H. R. Gamble. , 

Sir: Hon. F. P. Blair, jr., has tendered to this department 15 additional regiments, 
to be organized in Missouri, for the several arms of the service, as hereinafter stated. 
You are therefore authorized and empowered to raise and organize the 15 regiments 
referred to — -10 regiments of infantry, o regiments of cavalry, and 2 regiments of 
artillery — for the service of the United States, to serve for three years or during the 
war. 

This department will exercise the right to revoke the commissions of all officers 
who may be found incompetent for the proper discharge of their duties. You will 
promptly advise Adjutant-General Thomas, at Washington, the date at which your 
men Avill be ready for mustering, and he will detail an officer for that purpose, who 
will be instructed to muster by companies. 

^'ery respectfully, your oliedient servant, 

Thomas A. Scott. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I, \). 388.] 

It does not appear that any action was taken by the State officials 
under this authority, the organization of Missouri troops, undertaken 
by Generals Lyon and Fremont, being continued by the latter after 
the reorganization of the State government and up to the time he was 
relieved from command, the officers being designated or appointed by 
him, notwithstanding the existence of a loyal State government, it 
appearing that, for some reason, the governor had declined to com- 
mission the officers. 

Besides creating numerous Home Guard and United States Reserve 
Corps organizations, treated in this paper under separate heads. Gen- 
eral Fremont, immediately upon his assumption of the command of the 
AVestern Department, proceeded to authorize the organization of a 
large force of volunteer troops, aggregating, with those previousl}?" 
authorized by General I^yon, about thirty regiments, besides inde- 
pendent companies and battalions. The irregularities of his adminis- 
tration in the organization of corps not authorized by law, the accept- 



THREE years' VOLrNTEERS. 125 

'.uico of others Avith unliiwt'ul conditions of sorvioc and the unlawful 
cxovcise of tho appointinj^- power, will ho treated in a .•s('])arate (•liai)ter. 

On Novenilx'r 2, ISHl, (ieneral Fremont was relieved from the com- 
mand of the Western Department, and on November l'.». 1,^01, Maj. 
(ren. II. \V. Hallei-k assumed command of the newly organized 
I)ei)artnKMit of the Missouri. The methods adopted bv General Hal- 
leck for the correction of existini>' irre^-ularties will, like the irr(^u-ii- 
hirities themselves, be descril)ed in atiothcr chai)ter. One result of 
his action was to plac the oro'iini/ation of Missouri volunteers where 
it beionu-ed — with the State authorities. 

The Secretary of War had. on December 8, lsr)l. ordiTed thtit " no 
more reg'iments. batteries, or independent companies" Ix' raised by 
the o-ovv'rnors of States, except upon the special re^uisitiju of the 
War Department, and that those then forming in the several States be 
completed, under the direction of the respective governors thereof, 
unhvss it be deemed more advantageous to the service to assign the 
men already recruited to organizations then in the field, ((xeneral 
Orders, No! 10.5, Headtiuarters of the Army. 1861.) 

On December 81, 18t!l. evidently under the provisious of this ordiM-. 
the governor of Missouri, in special orders from Stat(» head(iuarters. 
consolidated several fragmentary organizations, forming from them 
the Twenty -tir.st and Twenty-sixth Missouri N'olunteers, and on Jan- 
uary 2, 1862, General Halleck issued a general order (No. 4), in which 
he directed that '* under General Orders. No. 105. Ad3utant-(Tenerars 
Othce, Washington, Decembrr 8. 1801."" all corps of Missouri volun- 
teers not completed [)e reported to the govei'nor for such action as he 
might deem expedient to adopt. 

These orders from the State and department headquarters were fol- 
lowed in quick succession by other orders from the State executive 
<'onsolidating incomplete organiz tions, and from the military com- 
mander nuistering out such organizations as had l)een accepted with 
unauthorized conditions of service, until the organization of the three 
years' volunteers was placed upon the basis required by law and the 
legulations of the War Department. 

The (piestion of the issue of commissions to officers of the Missouri 
volunteer I'egiments early received the attention of the major-general 
conunanding th(e Department of t!:e ^Missouri. Those otKcers had been 
mustered into service upon apointments received from General Fre- 
mont, or without regular appointments or eonunissions from any 
source, and the questionalde status of the otiicers so serving not only 
caused embarrassment to the connnanding general but impaired the 
efficiency of the troops with which thi^ officers were serving. 

On Deceml)er 1-t. 1861, General Halleck nominated to the governor 
of the State the ofiicei's of the "Merrill Horse'" (Sec()nd Cavalry) for 
eonunissions, to rank from the respective dates on which the officers 
wei-e nuistered into service in the grades for which they were recom- 
mended. On the same date an order was issued by the State execu- 
tive announcing, among other things, that commissions would not be 
issued to officers of ^Missouri volunteers in the service of the I'nited 
States until authenticated copies of the muster-in rolls of the corps to 
Avhich they belonged had been filed in the office of the adjutant-gen- 
eral of the State. This order (General Orders. No. -f. of the State of 
^lissouri) was promulgated in (icneral Orders. No. 31. Department of 



126 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

the Missouri, dated December 20, 1861, of which the following- i,s a 
copy : 

General Orders, \ HEADciUARTEKs Department oe the Missouri, 

No. 31. / St. Louis, December 20, 1861. 

The attention of Missouri volunteers is called to the foUowina; orders of the gover- 
nor of this State: 

"General Orders, "j "Headquarters State of Missouri, 

V "Adjutant-General's Office, 

"No. 4. j ''St. Louis, December 14, 1861. 

"I. Commissions will not be issued to officers of the Missouri volunteers in the 
service of the United States until authenticated copies of the muster-in rolls of the 
corps to which they belong shall have been filed in the office of the adjutant-general 
of the State; nor will promotions or appointments to fill vacancies in any particular 
corps be made unless the commander thereof shall liave transmitted to the same 
office a formal return, exhibiting all changes which have taken place in his command 
from the time of original muster up to and including the date of the event by which 
the vacancy sought to be filled was occasioned. 

"II. The major-general commanding the Department of the Missouri, having iii 
view the better discipline and increased efficiency of the troops, has requested that 
applications for commissions or appointments in the Missouri volunteers shall be sub- 
mitted to him for his approval before being considered by the governor. 

"This course will be adopted, and will be pursued as well in regard to the issue of 
commissions to officers now serving with the volunteers as to original appointments 
and promotions. 

"By order of the Commander in Chief: 

"Chester A. Harding, Jr., 

" Adjutant-Gen erol.^^ 

Authenticated copies of muster-in rolls will be immediately transmitted in com- 
pliance with the above orders. 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant- General. 

The necessity for the innnediate commissioning of the officers was, 
however, considered by General Halleck to be so pressing that he 
urged upon the governor the importance of reconsidering- his determi- 
nation to wait for authenticated copies of the rolls. The exigencies 
of the case as viewed I)v General Halleck, and the necessity for prompt 
action on the part of the governor of the State, were stated Ijy the 
former in a letter of which the following- is a copy: 

St. Louis, December 18, 1861. 
His Excellency H. R. Gamble, 

Governor of Missouri. 

Governor: By a letter from your adjutant-general of this date I am informed' 
that commissions will not be issued to oflicers of volunteers now in the service of 
the United States until authenticated copies of the muster-in rolls shall have been 
filed in the office of the adjutant-general of the State and other conditions are com- 
plied with. 

In many cases it will be almost impossible at the present time to procure these 
authenticated copies for file, as reciuired, as the troops are scattered on duty in vari- 
ous parts of the State, and months must elapse before such copies can be oljtained 
from the paymaster, niustering officers, or the Adjutant-General at Washington. 

The officers of these volunteer companies and regiments have been in active serv- 
ice for months under mere appointments, and some have been paid as such. But 
difficulties now arise in making such payments, and the men in many cases, finding 
that the officers have no commissions, refuse to obey them. Moreover, it is doubt- 
ful whether such officers, not being commissioned, can legally serve on courts-martial. 
These difficulties are becoming of a very serious character, and threaten a total dis- 
organization of some of our best regiments; in some cases the men are on the verge 
of mutiny. 

These things call for a prompt remedy. It will not do to delay the matter for the 
sake of mere formalities. I have been working night and day to sui)ply the defi- 
ciencies and to correct the irregularities. After one whole month's labor I have in 
many cases been unable to procure muster-in rolls for my own officers, and in order 
to expedite matters I have borrowed those filed with the paymaster. In no case 



THREE years' VOLUNTEERS. 127 

have I, or will I, reeomineml to you for conuni^Hion any ofticer without satisfa:'tury 
evidence of his havinj; been in service from the time at which his conniiission is to 
date. 

I am satisfied, governor, that if you insist upon a strict conipliant-e witli the first 
paragraph of your order No. 4, weeks, and perhaps months, must elapse before com- 
missions can issue. In the meantime disorganization and want of discipline must 
increase. I may wish to send these regiments into the fiekl in a very few days. 
If you refuse to connnission the officers, how can tliey legally exercise connnand? By 
delaying these conunissions you delay the iiacification of Missouri, and greatly 
embarrass all plans of ulterior ojierations. 

I hope, governor, you will reconsider tliis matter and issue commissions as fast 
as I ol)tain satisfactory proof of the service and muster in of the officers. It is 
the only means of getting order out of chaos. 

Your order is a very proper one for ordinary times and ordinary circumstances, 
but I most strenuously urge you to make an exception in the < uses I su])mit to you 
as requiring immediate action. 

All information in regard to muster-in rolls and vacancies which I have is at the 
service of your adjutant-general. 

Permit me to rejieat, governor, that the present condition of the troops here 
requires prompt action in this matter of commissions, and that delay may lead to 
the mo.st serious results. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. W. Halleck, 

Major-(teiti'ral. 

[Book No. 18, Department of the Missouri, pp. 80-83.] 

This letter was followed b}' other letters from General Halleck, 
with which he svibmitted lists of officers whom he desired to be com- 
missioned, not from the dates of muster in, as previously recommended 
in the case of the officers of the Merrill Horse, but from the dates of 
their enrollment, it appearinj^- that in many cases companies had been 
"•full and ready for service lono' before they were actually nuistered.""' 
(Book No. 18, Department of the Missouri, p. SS.) 

The adjutant-general of Missouri, in his annual report to the gov- 
ernor of the State, dated December 31, 1863 (p. 17), states: 

The officers of all the regiments which were raised in Missoui'i were, as soon as 
the machinery of the State government was properly put in operation, commissioned 
In' your excellency in due form. 

On January 1, 1862, according to the adjutant-generaFs report of 
that date, the Missouri volunteers in the service of the United States 
numbered 32,821; but these included some organizations which were 
subsequenth' mustered out of service by reason of unauthorized limi- 
tations in their contracts of service, besides several organizations, 
composed of citizens of other States, which were finally transferred 
to the States to which a majority of their members belonged. Of this 
latter class of troops the State adjutant-general says in his annual 
report of 1863. page 18: 

Owing to the refusal of the Government to accei)t all tlie men who offered their 
services in the loyal States at the beginning of the war, large numbers of persons 
came to Missouri to enlist, and in some instances nearly whole regiments were 
mustered into service, and denominated Missouri regiments, while their members 
were, a large majority of them, residents of other States. As a result, upon the 
application, either of the governors of their States or of the organizations them- 
selves, the following regiments were transferred to other States, and lost their his- 
tory as Missouri troops: The Ninth Missouri Infantry was made the Fifty-ninth Illi- 
nois Infantry; the Thirteenth Missouri Infantry was made the Twenty-second Ohio 
Infantry; the Fourteenth Missouri Infantry or "AVestern Sharpshoaters" was made 
the Sixty-sixth Illinois Infantry, and Schwartz's Battery transferred to Second Illinois 
Artillery. 

Continuing, the adjutant-general says in the same report, page 18: 

These are all the transfers of organizations that have been made to. other States, 
although in some of the present regiments of Missouri volunteers a majority of the 



128 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

men have come from othei' States than Missouri, but in nearly all su;'h, the number 
from the different States has been so equally divided that they have preferred to 
retain their original dssisfaatiou, rather thau loss thjir history as .Missouri regi- 
ments. They have felt, and still feel, a pride in being called Missourian^, f.jr they 
can say with truth that n> Wssouri rcguiviat has yet been dlx'jra:ed. 

It will be seen from the foreg-oing that on or befor3 January 1, 

1862, by reason of the reorganization of the State government and 
the cooperation of its officials with the United States military author- 
ities, the machinery for the organization of Missouri troops for the 
volunteer service and the appointment of their officers, had been 
placed in the hands of the State executive, where, under the law, it 
properly belonged, and that the irregularities of organization due to 
the unauthorized administrative action of one of the military com- 
manders had, as far as practicable, been corrected. 

On July 1, 1862, the President called for an additional force of 
300,000 men, and on July 7, 1862, the governor of Missouri was 
requested by the War Department to raise, as a part of the State's 
quota, four regiments of infantry to serve three years. Under this 
call, as stated by the adjutant-general of the State (Annual R?port of 

1863, p. 18), seven regiments of infantry and three regiments of cav- 
alry were raised, and an additional regiment of cavahy was organized 
under special authoritv of the War Department. 

Following the call of the President of Octol^er 17, 1863, for 300,000 
volunteers to till the ranks of the old regiments in the field, the com- 
manding general Department of the Missouri issued an order revok- 
ing all authority before given to recruit in Missouri for regiments 
belonging to other States. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 123. i St. Louis, Mo., October 21, 1863. 

I. The governor of ^lissouri having received authority from the War Department 
to raise additional volunteer troops for the United States service, all authority here- 
tofore given to recruit in ^Missouri for regiments belonging to other States is hereby 
revoke* 1. 

* * * * -x- -x- * 

By command of IMajor-General Schofield: 

0. D. Greene, 
Assistan' Adjutant- General. 

An order was also issued h\ the governor of the State as follows: 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters State of Missouri, 

V Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 28. J St. Louis, October 27, 1863. 

******* 

III. As Missouri must furnish its quota of troops under the President's late call 
for 300,000 men, it is important that all recruiting within the limits of the State 
should be confined to ilissouri regiments only; and, to this end, recruiting for regi- 
ments of other States is strictly forbidden, and all persons engaged in such undertak- 
ings are /(ere5?/ irar)!ed-</ia< any recruits vliirli tliey may obtain will be taken from them 
and )>laced in Missouri regiments, and they themselves will be arrested and punished 
for violation of this order. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, Adjutant-General. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1863, p. 41.] 

At the beginning of the year 1861 but one regiment of Missouri 
volunteers, the Twelfth Cavalry, was in process of organization. It 
was fully organized and turned over to the United States authorities on 
the 25th of March, 1861. (Annual Report Adjutant-General of Mis- 



THREE years' VOLUNTEERS. 129 

souri, 1864, p. 5.) On the 9th of June, 1864, in a letter of which the 
following- is a copy, the g-overnor of the State was authorized to raise 
two reo-inients of infantry: 

War Depaut.mknt, 
Provost-Marshal-Gexehal's Office, 

June 9, 1864. 
Governor of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 

Sir: On the recommendation of Major-General Rosecrans by indorsement on a 
letter dated the 17th ultiino, from the lion. H. S. Boyd, relative to raisinu; additional 
troops for the protection of the s^outhwest part of the State, you are hereby authorized 
to raise two regiments of volunteer infantry under the following conditions: 

First. The regiments to be recruited to serve three years or during the war, the 
recruitment to be conducted in the State of ^Missouri. 
Second. The regiments to be recruited without conditions as to place of service. 
Third. The first regiment must be completely organized and mustered into the 
United States service before the second one is commenced. 

Fourth. The organization, musters, and recruitment of the force must conform 
strictly to the requirements of the mustering and recruiting regulations, including 
General Orders, No. 131, current series, from the Adjutant-General's Office. 

Fifth. The first regiment must be complete within the period of sixty days from 
the date of acceptance of this authority by you. 

I have the honor, etc., Jas. B. Fry, 

Provost- ykirshal-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 425.] 

It does not appear that either of the regiments thus authorized was 
raised. 

In December, 1803, authority was given by the War Department for 
the reenlistment of members of the Missouri State Militia as veteran 
volunteers in the United States service, without conditions as to the 
place of their service, and on June 10, 1861. the War Department 
authorized the formation of regiments from the reenlisted men and 
such other members of the State militia as should be willing to reenlist 
for unconditional service. This authority was granted in a letter of 
which the following is a copy: 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

June 10, 1864. 
Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans, 

ComnuDidiny Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 
General: In answer to your indorsement of the 1st instant relative to veterans 
and reenlistments in and from the Missouri State ^lilitia, the same having been sub- 
mitted to the War Dei)artment by his excellency the governor of Missouri, I am 
directed by the Secretary of War to communicate the following: 

I. You are authorized to collect the veteran volunteers reenlisted from the regi- 
ments of the Missouri State Militia and form them into a regiment, or in case the 
number reenlisted is not sufficient to form a regiment, into a battalion. 

II. If there are other men in the regiments of Missouri State Militia who desire to 
reenlist for unconditional volunteer service, they may do so, and will be received 
under the following conditions: 

1. The number in each regiment will be ascertained, discharged, and reenlisted 
for three years or during the war. 

2. After the detachments from the respective regiments have been reenlisted they 
will be collected and formed into one or more regiments, depending on the total num- 
ber, one regiment, however, to be completely organized before an additional one is 
c6mmenced. 

3. The regiments as rapidly as formed will be mustered into service with minimum 
regimental organization. 

4. The men reenlisting will receive the bounty provided by law, namely, the $100 
authorized by the act of July, 1861 ( General Orders, No. 49), the same to be paid under 
the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 163, series of 1863, from this 
office. 

S. Doc. 412 9 



130 MISSOURI TROOPS— UNTOlSr. 

• 5. The discharges from the militia regiments and the musters into and formation 
of the new regiments will be under the direction of the commissary of musters for 
the department and his assistants. 

6. The new regiments as herein authorized will be organized and mustered into 
service in accordance with the requirements of the mustering regulations. 
I am, general, etc., 

E. D. TOWNSEXD, 

Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., p. 428.] 

Dnder the authorit}^ quoted above, general orders were issued by 
Major-General Rosecrans, who had succeeded to the command of the 
Department of the Missouri, as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 128. I St. Louis, Mo., July 23, 1864- 

Under instructions from the War Department (date<l June 10, 1864) a regiment of 
veteran volunteer cavalry, to be designated the Thirteenth ^Missouri Volunteer Cav- 
alry, will be organized with as little delay as practicable, from the veterans of the 
Missouri State Militia force, and from such of the nonveterans of that force as choose 
to i-eenlist in the new organization, under the conditions jjrescribed in the letter of 
instructions. 

The veterans of the Sixth Missouri State Militia Cavalry, now at Benton Barracks, 
will constitute the nucleus of the new organization. The veterans of all the other 
regiments of the Missouri State Militia will l)e at once sent under commissioned oth- 
cers detailed by district commanders to Benton Barracks, for organization into com- 
panies, after which, should the exigencies of the service permit, all who have not 
heretofore received it will receive the usual veteran furlough of thirty daj's. 

In each of the Missouri State Militia regiments a captain and first lieutenant will 
^ be selected by the commanding officer thereof to recruit in the regiment for the new 
' organization. These officers will be selected with care as the best representatives of 
their grade in the regiment, and will be eligible for appointment in the ne\<' organi- 
zation should they succeed in securing enough recruits to form a company. These 
officers will report to Col. Jno. V. Du Bois, chief of cavalry of the department, from 
time to time, their success in recruiting, and when they have enough men to consti- 
tute a maximum cavalry company will receive further orders for the discharge and 
remuster of the men. 

The nonveterans who reenlist will be required to enlist for three years or the war, 
and receive the bounty of $100, provided by the act of Congress approved July 1, 
1861 (see General Orders of War Department, No. 49, of 1861), the bounty to be 
paid under the regulations promulgated in General Orders, No. 163, series of 1863. 
from the War Department. 

In the new regiment no men will be received with private horses. The mounts 
will be furnished by the Government. 

As a check upon improper selections of officers for the new regiment, it is to be 
understood that all officers may be at any time ordered liefore a board of officers for 
examination as to their cj[ualifications and fitness for command. 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 



General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 158. J St. Louis, Mo., August 31, 1864. 

So much of General Orders, No. 128, current series, from these headciuarters, as 
directs the commanding officer of each of the Missouri State Militia regiments to 
select a captain and first lieutenant to recruit in their respective regiments for the 
Thirteenth Regiment Missouri Veteran Cavalry is hereby revoked ; recruiting details 
for this regiment will be made in future from these headquarters. ^ 

All the reenlisted men (veterans and nonveterans) of the Missouri State Militia 
regiments who have reenlisted for the three years' service at the date of the receipt 
of this order will be sent at once, under suitable conduct, with their descriptive lists, 
to Benton Barracks, Mo., to be organized into companies. 

Connnanding officers of regiments and detachments will report by telegraph to 
these headquarters the number of men who have reenlisted in their respective com- 
mands, and who are to be sent to Benton Barracks under the provisions of this order. 

By command of Major-General Roseci'ans: 

O. D. Greene, 
Assistant Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff. 



THREE years' VOLUNTEERS. 131 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 162. i St. Loni.% Mo., September 7, 1864. 

Tlie organization of the Thirteenth Missouri Vohinteer Cavalry having been com- 
pleted, another regiment will at once be organi/.eil under the same authority, and 
mider the same general conditions governing in the organization of the Thirteenth 
(see General Orders, 12S, from these headquarters), which will be designated as the 
Fourteenth "Missouri \'(tlunteer Cavalry. 

Othcers will 1)0 detailed from these head(iuarters for recruiting for the regiment 
from the Missouri State Militia. Applications for permission to recruit .will be for- 
warded to these headquarters through the ordinary channel. 

Otticers receiving recruiting details will at once signify their wishes with regard to 
entering the new regiment; hut, whether desiring commissions therein or not, will 
enter vigorously upon the duty and continue thereui)on until eluly relieved. They 
will make frequent reports direct to these headquarters as to their success in recruiting. 

Nonveterans of the Missouri State Militia are officially informed that no effort will 
be spared to make tliis one of the very best regiments raised in the State, and that 
no officers will be recommended for or appointed to positions in it who have not 
tried and approved qualifications for their respective grades. 

In adtlition to his present duties, Col. E. C. Catherwood, of the Thirteenth Mis- 
souri Cavalry, is (temporarily) assigned to the duty of organizing the regiment. 
Benton Barracks is designated as the regimental rendezvous, and to that point all 
veterans and reenlisted nonveterans of the Missouri State Militia force not absorbed 
by the organization of the Thirteenth will be sent by district commanders without 
further orders. 

District, regimental, and post commanders are charged to exert themselves to give 
this order early promulgation to all under their command, and to facilitate all proper 
efforts of recruiting officers in securing men. 

By command of ]\Iajor-General Rosecrans: 

0. D. Greene, 
Asswtant Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff. 

Under the authority of the War Department and the order.s from 
the department conmiander one regiment, the Thirteenth Cavahy, was 
organized, and another reg-iment, tlie Fourteenth Cavalry, was par- 
tially completed. Of this latter regiment the adjutant-general of the 
State saj^s in his annual report of 1865, pag'es 4, 5: 

The Fourteenth Cavalry, under the supervision of the department commander, was 
in process of organization at the date of the last report by the transfer of such veterans 
of the [Missouri State Militia as had not been assigned to the Thirteenth Cavalry. 
There not being a suftieient number of these veterans to complete the regiment, 
authority was obtained to fill it up by volunteering under the laws governing the 
general recruiting service. Nine companies were [had been] mustered in at the time 
of the suspension of enlistments, April 13, 1865. 

The Fourteenth Cavalr}^ was the last regiment raised in the State of 
Missouri for three years' service. 

Under date of January 30, 1865, authority was given bj^ the War 
Department to raise six regiments, composed of men enlisted for 
one. two, or three years, as the recruits might elect (xA^nnual Report 
Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, p. 6), but the suspension of hos- 
tilities soon followed and recruiting ceased, the recruits procured 
under the authority of January 30 being formed into one regiment, 
the Fiftv-tirst Missouri Infantry. 

In this chapter no attempt has been made to show the eti'orts put forth 
by the State authorities to secure recruits for the old regiments in 
the field to fill the quotas of the State under the various calls of the 
President, the contemporaneous action of the State officials in the 
prganization of regiments for short periods of service, or the action 
of the United States oflicials in the drafting of recruits under the 
enrollment acts. The object has been to show in a general way the 
history of the organization of the three years' regiments of Missouri 
volunteers in service during the civil war. That thev rendered gal- 



132 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

lant service in defense of the Union is abundantly shown by the official 
records. 

As to the status of these troops in general, no comment is necessary 
beyond the mere statement of the fact that they were in the military 
service of the United States and that the surviving- members of the 
force, and the heirs of those deceased, are entitled to all of the benefits 
accruing from such service. 

It is true that under the administration of Major-General Fremont 
some organizations not authorized })y law were received into the mili- 
tary service of the United States, but the unauthorized organizations 
were promptly disbanded or converted into organizations having a 
legal basis, or were, as in the case of the engineer troops, pioneers, 
and sappers and miners, subsequently legalized by act of Congress. 
This act, approved July 17, 1862, is as follows: 

AN ACT to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of tlie Army, and for other purposes. 

Sec. 20. And be it further enacted, That the different regiments and independent 
companies heretofore mustered into the service of the United States as volunteer 
engineers, pioneers, or sappers and miners, under the calls of the President or Secre- 
tary of War, or by authority of the commanding general of any military department 
of the United States, or which, having been mustered into the service as infantry, 
shall have been reorganized and employed as engineers, pioneers, or sappers and 
miners, shall be, and the same are hereby, recognized and accepted as volunteer 
engineers, on the same footing, in all respects, in regard to their organization, pay, 
and emoluments, as the Corps of Engineers of the Kegular Army of the United 
States, and they shall be paid for their services, already performed, as is now pro- 
vided by law for the i)ayment of officers and noncommissioned officers and privates of 
the Engineer Corps of the Regular Army. 

Approved, July 17, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., pp. 594-597.] 

As regards the officers appointed by General Fremont to the organi- 
zations formed by him and those nmstered into service without appoint- 
ments or commissions, they were finally commissioned by the governor 
of the State; and with regard to the nunc pro tunc action of the gov- 
ernor in giving or attempting to give them rank from dates prior to 
the issue of their commissions, it is necessary only to remark that the 
remuster act of February 21, 1897, authorizes recognition and pay- 
ment for service rendered with duly authorized commands from the 
dates of rank given in commissions issued by competent authority. 

The status of the general and staif officers and persons appointed 
by General Fremont to offices which had no legal existence need not 
be here considered. 

Of the Three Years' Volunteers, 15 regiments, 10 battalions, and 2 
independent companies of cavahy, 1 regiment of engineers, 2 regi- 
ments and 6 batteries of artillery, 11 regiments and 1 battalion of 
infantry, 1 companies of pioneers, sappers and miners, and a company 
designated a "Telegraph Corps" were partially or completel}" organ- 
ized. Some of these were disbanded after a short period of service 
because of their illegal organization or because of an unlawful limita- 
tion in their contracts of service; some were consolidated to form com- 
plete organizations, and others were transferred to the States from 
which a majority of their members were recruited. As finally reor- 
ganized and held to service as Missouri volunteers the force included 
13 regiments of cavalry, 2 regiments of artillery, 1 regiment of engi- 
neers, and 23 regiments of infantry. These do not include the United 
States Reserve Corps regiments organized for three years' service, 
which are treated under their appropriate title. 



SIX OR TWELVE MONTHS' VOLUNTEERS. 



Under date of Aiio-ust 6, 1861, Hon. John S. Phelps and Hon. Frank 
P. Bhiir. jr., members of the House of Representatives from the State 
of Missouri, addressed to the President a letter, in which they recom- 
mended the organization of a volunteer force to serve for six months, 
"to be employed in preserving- peace and quiet" in the State of Mis- 
souri, to repel tiireatened invasion, "to remove the seat of war from 
among the people of that State to the southward, to invade Arkansas, 
and to keep the Indians west of that State under subjection." Fol- 
lowing is a copy of the joint letter of Messrs. Phelps and Blair on 
this subject: 

The President. 

Sir: An invasion of the State of Missouri by troops under the command of Gen- 
eral ]McCullooh has taken pLice. Other invasions of that State are threatened by 
troops from the States of Arkansas and Tennessee. 

We recommend you receive into the service of the United States from the State of 
Missouri troops to serve for six months, to be employed in preserving peace and quiet 
in that State, and to repel the threatened invasion, and to remove the seat of war from 
among the people of that State to the southward, to invade Arkansas, and to keep the 
Indians west of that State under subjection. 

If this suggestion shall be adopted I recommend 5,000 stand of improved arms in 
addition to those already sent to Missouri be forthwith sent, with a proper supply of 
clothing, camp and tent equipage, ammunition, and means with which to obtain 
commissary and other quartermaster supplies, and also medical supplies, etc. 

Arms for cavalry and equipments should also be furnished for a battalion or regi- 
ment of mounted men, to be raised in southwest ^lissouri, in addition to the arms 
before mentioned. Arms will be needed when Arkansas shall be invaded to arm 
men of that State who are Union men and willing to enter the military service of the 
United States. 

The munitions of war we have mentioned we think should be sent to Springfield, 
Mo., for use at that point and its vicinity. 

John S. Phelps. 
Frank P. Blair, Jr. 

House of Representatives, August 6, 1861. 

[P. 157, Book No. 2, Secretary of War.] 

This letter was indorsed by the President as follows: 

Executive ^Mansion, August 7, 1861. 
Honorable Secretary of War. 

My Dear Sir: The within paper, as you see, is by Hon. John S. Phelps and Hon. 
Frank P. Blair, jr., both members of the present Congress from Missouri. The 
object is to get up an ethcient force of }n.isourin)}s in the southwestern part of the 
State. It ought to lie done, and ]Mr. Phelps ought to have general superintendence 
of it. I see bj' a private report to me from the Department that eighteen regiments 
are already accepted from IMissouri. Can it not be arranged that part of them (not yet 
organized, as I understand) may be taken from the locality mentioned and put 

133 



134 MISSOURI TEOOPS UNION. 

under the control of Mr. Phelps? And let him have discretion to accept them for 
a shorter term than three years, or the war; understanding, however, that he will 
get them for the full term if he can. I hope this can be done, because Mr. Phelps 
is too zealous and efficient, and understands his ground too well for us to lose his 
ser.vices. Of course provision for arming, equipping, etc., must be made. Mr. 
Phelps is hexe and wishes to carry home with him authority for this matter. 
Yours, truly, 

A. Lincoln. 

Under the authority of the President embodied in the indorsement 
quoted above, Mr. Phelps was authorized by the Acting Secretary of 
War to organize five regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry, 
to serve six months or such longer period, not exceeding the duration 
of the war, as the men might elect. This authority was granted in a 
letter of which the following is a cop3" 

AVar Department, August 8, 1861. 
Hon. John S. Phelps, Springfield, Mo. 

Sir: By direction of the President of the United States, I am authorized to accept 
from you five regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry for six months, or 
such longer period, not fxceeding the duration of the war, as the respective regi- 
ments may be enlisted for — the several regiments to be ready for marching orders 
within sixty days from this date. 

This acceptance is with the distinct understanding that this Department will revoke 
the commissions of all officers who may be found incompetent for the proper dis- 
charge of their duties. 

You will promptly advise Adjutant-General Thomas the earliest day at which your 
regiments will be ready for mustering, and he will issue the necessary instructions 
to muster by companies and to subsist the men. 

Your requisitions for arms and equipments should be made to Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral Meigs and General Ripley, Chief of Bureau of Ordnance, without delay. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Thomas A. Scott, 

Acting Secretary of War. 
[Military Book, No. 45, p. 239.] 

On August 9, 1861, Mr. Phelps addressed Major-General Fremont, 
commanding the Western Department, on the subject of his project as 
follows: 

Washincjton City, August 9, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont, St. Loids, Mo. 

General: I made representation to the President that I was desirous to raise in 
southwest Missouri five regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry to serve in 
Missouri, in Arkansas, and the Indian country west of Arkansas, with the distinct 
understanding that these troops should be so stationed that on first M(3nday of 
November all who were qualified to vote might vote in State election for State offi- 
cers and on question of ratifying the acts of the convention. I desire to organize 
these troops as a brigixle under our State law and shall serve with them. I wish to 
command these troops. They will compose a part of your armj- and I desire your 
cordial approval of this movement. 

I could not perceive that this arrangement could in the least embarrass, but on the 
contrary would aid you. The Home Guards, as you are aware, have not a legal organi- 
zation. Not an officer of those guards is commisj^ioned. Under our State law I pro- 
pose the officers of these troops shall be commissioned. 

Inclosed you have a copy of the letter of Acting Secretary of War to me. 

I have a jjrospect of obtaining some Enfield rifles, but may l)e disappointed. I am 
waiting for arms, and if I do not get them before I leave fear I will not get them. I 
wish to obtain the l)est arms I can, as the men who I expect will enter the service are 
accustomed to the use of firearms and in a short time can be made good soldiers. 
Yours, respectfully, 

John S. Phelps. 

I shall come to St. Louis as soon as I can, consistent with the object I have in 
view. If General Lyon can maintain his position at Springfield I can raise the troops 
in a short time, but if he shall be compelled to retire and the country shall be occu- 
pied by the enemy, I shall be delayed in the raising of troojjs. 



SIX OR TWELVE MONTHS^ VOLUNTEERS. 135 

Will you request Governor Gamble to aid me in this matter? I wrote him yester- 
day. 1 have no doubt he will aid me. Will send him a copy of letter of Secretary 
of War to me. 

PlIELPS. 

[1268, V. S., 188L] 

No farther correspondence relative to the proposed organization of 
a military force by ^Ir. Phelps has been found of record, but it appears 
that he succeeded in orpmizino- one rcoinient or Ijattalion of eight 
companies, of which he was connnissioned colonel l)y the governor of 
the State. This regiment, known as Phelps's Regimeiit. ^Missouri 
Volunteers, was organized at RoUa, Mo., during the fall of 18<il.and 
was mustered into the service of the United States for the period of 
six months. It w^as actively engaged against the enemy, participat- 
ing in the l)attle of Pea Kidge, Ark. 

This ri^giment has been classed as a cavahy regiment by the adjutant- 
general of Missouri, but there is nothing in the rolls or other records 
of the regiment to show that it w^as mounted. 

During the summer of 186-1:, while the invasion of the State of Mis- 
souri by the Confederate General Price was impending, and in prep- 
aration for the defense of the State against the expected invasion, it 
was found expedient to organize volunteer regiments for service 
during the period of twelve months, or to accept them for six months' 
service if they could not be procured for the longer term. 

It appears that the question of the organization of a number of six 
months' regiments was discussed at a personal interview between the 
Secretary of War and the governor of Missouri in June, lS6i (Annual 
Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1864, p. 7), but for some reason 
the desired authoritv was not then granted. Later, however, on Julv 
18, 1864, the conditions of the State had become so threatening that 
Major-General Rosecrans, commanding the Department of the Mis- 
souri, telegraphed the Secretary of War suggesting that if additional 
troops could not otherwise be procured, authority be given for the 
organization of a force of Missouri volunteers for the defense of the 
State. Following is a cop}" of his telegram: 

St. Louis, Juhi IS, IS64. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton: 

I regret to say matters in north Missouri are very disturbed and threatening. 
Union men are fleeing from the river counties and central part of the State. The 
malcontent spirits, and u-prising of bushwhackers, with threats from the conspira- 
tors, are ominous of evil. The robbery of four towns, and the hanging of nine Union 
men in one of them, compelled me to take the First Iowa Cavalry Veterans, on their 
way down to ^lemphis, to give temporary relief over there. Informing you of these 
things, I suggest that we will l)e obliged to have some other trooi)S here, and if noth- 
ing better can be done, the state of things would be best met from our own resources, 
by authoritj' from me to accept the services of, say, 5,000 volunteers for the defense of 
the State, in companies, to be armed, ecpiipped, and paid by the Government. 

W. S. Rosecrans, Major-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLI; Part 
II, p. 234.] 

To this telegram the Secretary of War replied: 

Washington, D. C, July IS, IS64. 
Major-General Rosecrans: 

Your telegram of this date has been received and submitted to the President for 
his directions, which will be communicated to you immediately upon their being 
given by him. 

P]dwin ]\I. Stanton, 

Secretary of War. 
[Ibid., p. 235.] 



136 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

On July 22, 1864, General Rosecrans again invited the attention of 
the Secretary of War to the pressing- need of troops in Missouri. 
He said: 

Headquarters, St. Louis, Mo., Juhj 32, 1864. 
Hon. Edwin M. Stantox, Secretary of War: 

What I feared and telegraphed you about has come to pass. We are having a 
very serious rising in north Missouri, and have grave reason to think a powerful 
cooperative raid may come from Arkansas. The following rebel officers are north 
of the river: General Jackman, Col()nels Thornton, Perkins, White, and Percy. They 
are reported at Plattsburg and Kingston with 2,000 men yesterday. AVe had only 
eight companies of Missouri State Militia cavalry north of the river when the move- 
ment began. I have sent two fractions of regiments of veterans up by the North 
Missouri Railroad. You must bear in mind that the stores, depots, arsenal, etc., of 
this place are now mainly guarded by raw militia called out for thirty days. It will 
be sufficiently obvious how this stands as a matter of military prudence. I think I 
have established some credit for prudence and foresight, and in my judgment I 
ought to have some troops from abroad to guard this depot and the prisons, and 
authority to call out and arm volunteers for some definite period in consonance with 
law and policy to meet exigencies which mav arise. 

* * * *"* * * 

W. S. Rosecrans, Major- General. 
[Ibid., p. 332.] 

And on the following day, July 23, 1864, General Rosecrans was 
authorized to "' call out and arm for service," for such period as in his 
opinion the exigency might require, ""such force of volunteers" in his 
department as might be deemed necessary for " its security and for the 
protection of the depots, prisons, and public propert}" therein." This 
authority was given in a letter of which the following is an extract: 

Washington, D. C, Juh/ 23, 1864- 
Major-General Rosecrans: 

The Secretary of War directs me to inform you that you are authorized to call out 
and arm for service, for such period as in your opinion the exigency may require, 
such force of volunteers in your department as may be deemed necessary for its 
security and for the protection of the depots, prisons, and i)ublic i^roperty therein, 
reporting to the Adjutant-General a copy of such call, and making upon the proper 
bureaus requisitions for arms and supplies. * * * The Secretary further direct 
me to say that there are not any troops at the disposal of the Department that can be 
sent you from abroad, and that if there were any they would be sent. He directs 
that you communicate to Major-General Canby, commanding the division to which 
your department belongs, the military condition and necessity of your department, 
in order that he may render you any aid and supply any force that may be in his 
power. 

E. D. TOWNSEND, 

AssiMant Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., p. 358.] 

Upon the receipt of thi.s authority, and after a conference with the 
governor of the State (Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 
1861, p. 11), General Rosecrans issued a general order calling for 
" nine regiments of six and twelve months' volunteers," the regiments 
to be recruited for twelve months' service if they could be promptly 
raised for that period; otherwise to be accepted for six months. Fol- 
lowing is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 134. i St. Louis, Mo., July 28, 1864. 

Missourians: 

I. Rebel officers and soldiers from Price's army have been sent or permitted to 
come among you to recruit, rob, plunder, and murder, as best they can, in violation 
of the laws of war and of humanity. Spread over the country, with robbers and 
desperadoes from home and abroad, they carry spoliation, terror, and death into dis- 



SIX OK TWELVE MoNTHs' VOU^NTEERS. 137 

tricts wliere peace and (juiet should reiji:ii undisturbed, and tliey add to the distress 
of tlie j)e<)])Ie whom they drive to tlie Ijrusli, or ronipel to al)andon their croits and 
avocations, and to stand <ruard over tiieir own Uves — l)y terrorism — hy threatening 
them with raids from Slielhy and ]\hirma(Uike, or the invasion of the State by tlie 
rebel army. 

To enalde you to cope with small, roving squads of guerrillas, the commanding 
general urged you, in General Order 107, to organize, and select trustworthy com- 
panies of your citizens, to be armed and emixiwered to a(;t as Provisional Enrolled 
]Militia for local defense, and trusts you will comi)lete the roils, carefully revise, and 
submit them, through the channels i)rescril)ed, for his aj)proval, without delay. 

But to meet emergencies and outbreaks, liki- those in north Missouri, and to be 
prejiared for future threatened dangers, without the distressing, exi)ensive, and incon- 
venient resort to calling out the militia on every occasion, he has received authority 
from the War Dei)artment to call out such number of volunteers, and for such periods 
of service as he may deem necessary. 

Under this authority he calls on the gallant and loyal people of Missouri for nine 
regiments of ><ij ami tirelrr )n(iidh>i' robrnterv^i, to be organized and mustered into the 
United States service at the following designated points: 

Two regiments at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Mo. 

One regiment at St. Joseph, Mo. 

One regiment at 3Iacon, ^lo. 

One regiment at Hannibal, ]\Io. 

One regiment at Kolla, ^lo. 

One regiment at Pilot Knob, Mo. 

One regiment at Sedalia, ]\Io. 

One regiment at Springfield, ^lo. 

In all cases these regiments will be recruited for twelve months' service when they 
can be jiromptly raised for that i)eriod; otherwise they will be accepted for six months. 

II. Organizations of volunteers by companies, or half companies, whether from 
the militia or elsewhere, reporting to the district commander, will be at once accepted, 
subject to the United States ^Mustering Regulations, and on his approval musterecl 
into the service of the United States l)y the officers assigned for that purpose. The 
officers will be commissioned by the governor, on the recommendation of the Tnited 
States district commander, with the approval of the general commanding the depart- 
ment. 

III. Field officers of regiments and battalions, on like recommendation andapproval, 
will be commissioned and mustered in, so soon as their commands have the legal 
numbers. 

IV. The assistant commissaries of musters of districts are assigned to duty as 
mustering-in officers for this organization, and will make their reports in that con- 
nection ilirect to Col. E. B. Alexander, United States Army, superintendent volunteer 
recruiting service for the State. 

Y. Volunteers or militia now in service under the recent emergencies have the 
thanks of the commanding general for their ])rompt and patriotic response to the call 
of the country in which they have periled life, serving at their own expense; and 
are informed that as far as practicaljle they will be mustered in to cover the period 
of their actual service as citizens. 

YI. The commanding general calls attention to the great importance to all con- 
cerned of selecting for officers none but capal)le, Ijrave, loyal, honest, sober, and 
industrious and law-abiding men. He hopes that every word of this may be fully 
weighed, assuring them that in his experience most of the demoralization, suffering, 
and inefficiency which it has been his lot everywhere to see has arisen from not tak- 
ing due precaution in the selection of officers. Let soldiers beware especially of good, 
easj/ ff'Uoiis, who have not the independence and energy of character to conunand. 
]\Iisery, demoralization, and favoritism will l)e their lot under all such commanders. 

VII. United States district commanders will give strict attention to this, aiding in 
the selection, and recommending none without satisfactory evidence of fitness for 
command. 

VIII. The organization of these troops will be under the direction of the adjutant- 
general f if the State, and correspondence, rolls, and recommendations for connuissions, 
apiirove<l 1)y the L'^nited States district commanders, as has been directed, will be 
addresse<l to Brig. Gen. John B. (4ray, adjutant-general, St. Louis, 3Io. 

IX. District commanders will make the necessary requisitions for arms, clothing, 
camp and garrison equipage and subsistence, and supjtly these volunteers in accord- 
ance with general orders and Army Regulations. 

The commanding general confidently exjiects a prompt and cordial resi:)onse to 



138 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNION. 

this call, and invokes the efforts of the entire loyal people, uniting with their gov- 
ernor and the department commander to have these troops ready for service in a 
very few days. 
By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

O. D. Greene, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

It will be observed from the terms of this order that the officers of 
the new regiments were to be commissioned by the governor of the 
State, upon the recommendation of United States district command- 
ers, with the approval of the commanding general of the Department 
of the Missouri. 

On August 1, 1864, General Rosecrans advised the War Depart- 
ment that he had called for nine regiments of twelve months' volun- 
teers, and would probabl}^ call for three more if they could be raised. 
Following is a copy of his telegram of that date: 

St. Louis, Mo., August 1, 1S64. 
Col. E. D. TowNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General: 

I have already called for nine regiments of twelve months' volunteer infantry, and 
will probably call for three more if they can be raised. With these we shall be able to 
organize the Missouri State Militia now in service and enforce the draft. 

W. S. Rosecrans, Major-General. 
[Ibid., p. 504.] 

On the 9th of August a general order was issued from State head- 
quarters concerning the details of organization and announcing the 
designations of the regiments to be formed. This order reads as 
follows: 

General Orders, ^ Headquarters State of Missouri, 

j- Ad.iutant-General's Office, 

No. 30. j St. Louis, August 9, 1864. 

I. Inasmuch as many inquiries are daily being made regarding the details of the 
organization of the regiments which are proposed to be raised in this State, under 
General Orders, No. 134, current series, headquarters Department of the Missouri, 
the following announcement is made for the information of all concerned: 

First. The above-named regiments will be organized and mustered into service as 
infantry regiments, and upon the authorized infantry basis. No cavalry regiments 
are permitted to be raised, and no authorization to raise regiments, or parts of regi- 
ments, for that arm of the service, v&n, therefore, be made. This restriction will 
not, however, prevent the general commanding the department from mounting such 
portion of the force as he may deem necessary for scouting purposes, etc. ; and as the 
pay and emoluments of the cavalry and the infantry soldier are made alike by the 
late act of Congress, no o1)jection to enlistments in this respect can be offered. 

Second. Regiments or companies will be accepted for either six or twelve months 
from date of muster. The latter term is, however, to be preferred, inasmuch as 
each person so enlisting will be credited to the quota of his locality upon the 
ai3proaching draft, and will receive from the United States a bounty of $100 for such 
enlistment, in addition to any^local l^ounty that maybe offered. On the other hand, 
six-months' men receive no bounty; can not be credited to the quotas of their respect- 
ive localities, although they will be individually exempt from draft while they are 
in the United States service, if such exemption is duly claimed. 

Third. The following regimental organizations have been decided upon, together 
with their commanding officers and places of rendezvous; and their recruitment and 
formation will be governed by existing orders and regulations controlling the United 
States recruiting service: 

The Thirty-ninth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. E. A. Kutzner, to rendez- 
vouz at Hannil)al, Mo. 

The Fortieth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. Samuel A. Holmes, to rendez- 
vous at St. Louis, Mo. 

The Forty-first Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. J. Weydemeyer, to rendezvous 
at St. Louis, Mo. 

The Forty-second Regiment Missouri ^'olunteers, Col. R. J. Eberman, to rendez- 
vous at Macon City, Mo^ 



SIX OR TWELVE MUNTHS' VOLUNTEERS. 139 

The Forty-third Regiment Missouri Vohinteers, Col. Chester Harding, jr., to ren- 
dezvous at St. Joseph, ]\Io. 

The Forty-fourth Regiment Missouri Yohmteers, CoL R. C. Bradshaw, to rendez- 
vous at St. Joseph, Mo. 

The Forty-tiftii Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. T. A. Switzler, to rendezvous 
at Warrenshuvg, ^lo. 

The Forty-sixth Regiment Miss^ouri Vohuiteers, Col. S. H. Boyd, to rendezvous at 
Springfield, 3I(). 

The Forty-seventh Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. T. C. Fletcher, to rendez- 
vous at Pilot Knoh, Mo. 

The Forty-eighth Regiment Missouri Volunteers, Col. W. H. Blodgett, to rendez- 
vous at RoUa, jNIo. 

The Forty-ninth Regiment ^Missouri Volunteers, Col. D. P. Dyer, to rendezvous at 
Warrenton, Mo. 

By order of the Commander in Chief: 

John B. Gray, Adjutant-General. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1864, p. 12.] 

The people of the State responded promptly, and the nine regiments 
called for, besides the Fiftieth Regiment, which was also authorized, 
were speedily organized and placed in the lield, participating in the 
defense of the State against invasion, and some of them were subse- 
quently sent to distant fields of service outside of the State of Missouri. 
Four of the regiments (the Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-third, and 
Forty-ninth) were nuistered into service for twelve months, six (the 
Thirty-ninth, Forty-second, Forty-fourth, Fortj'-fifth, Forty-eighth, 
and Fiftieth regiments) were mustered in for different periods of 
service, six and twelve months, and two (the Forty-sixth and Fort}'- 
seventh regiments) were accepted for the period of six months. 

As the terms of service of the six-months' men approached comple- 
tion the adjutant-general of the State applied to the War Department 
for authority for their reenlistment for another term of six months, 
dating from their original enlistments, thus entitling the men to the 
Government bounty and giving the State credit for their services as 
twelve months' men, no credit being allowed on the quota of the State 
for six months' enlistments. Following is a copy of the letter of the 
adjutant-general on this suljject: 

Head(icartees State op Missouri, 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

St. Louis, January 17, 1865. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. 

Sir: Applications are being made to this office to allow the men who enlisted for 
six months under General Orders, Xo. 134, from headquarters Department of the 
^lissouri, dated July 28, 1864, to reenlist for six months and be considered twelve 
months' men, dating from their first enlistment, allowing them bounty and giving 
the State credit for them as twelve months' men. The term of service of the six 
months' men organized under the above order will expire during the next three 
months. They did good service in this State during the recent invasion by General 
Price. Four of the regiments are now in the army of General Thomas in Tennessee. 
I respectfully ask that an order be made permitting them to reenlist for six months 
longer, giving them bounty and crediting the State with them from the date of their 
first enlistment. 

I am, very resi^ectfully, your obedient servant, 

Samuel P. Simpson, 

Adjutan t- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1058.] 

It was evidently a matter of considerable interest to the State that 
this request should be granted, in view of the impending draft under 
the President's call of December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men, l)ut the 



140 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION, 

request was not favorabl}^ considered b}' the War Department, as 
evidenced by the following from the Provost-Marshal-General: 

Washington, D, C, January 27, 1865, 
Adjutant-General of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo.: 

It is not deemed expedient to authorize the six months' men to reenlist for six 
months longer, as requested in your letter of January 17. 

James B. Fry, Provost-Marshal-General. 
[Ibid., p. 1066.] 

It will be seen from the foregoing that, including Phelps's regiment, 
organized in 1<S61, eleven regiments of six or twelve months' volunteers 
were organized in the State of Missouri during the civil war. Their 
status was that of volunteers in the militarj' service of the United 
States. 



ONE, TWO, OR THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. 



On Docember 19, 1S64, the President issued a proclamation calling- 
for 30U.U0() volunteers to serve for one, two, or three 3'ears, the quota 
of the State of Missouri being 13,98-i. {Official Records of the Union 
and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1002.) 

To meet this requisition several propositions were made by the State 
authorities. The adjutant-general of the State, in a personal interview 
with the Secretary of War, offered, verbally, a plan for the reorganiza- 
tion of theoldcavahT regiments of Missouri Volunteers by their recruit- 
ment from the ^Missouri State Militia. Returning from Washington 
to St. Louis he made his proposition in the form of a letter, dated 
December 24, 1864, of which the following is a copy: 

Headquarters State of Missouri, 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

St. Louis, December 24, I864. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, 

Secretunj of War, Washington, D. C. 

Sir: When I saw you in Washington last week, and offei-ed verbally a plan for 
the reorganization of the old cavalry regiments of Missouri Volunteers by a system 
of recruiting out of the Missouri State Militia force, you expressed your unwilling- 
ness to issue any order in the premises until the present department commander. 
Gen. G. ]M. Dodge, could be consulted and his views ascertained. In accordance with 
your decision, therefore, I will offer in writing the plan I was instructed by his 
excellency the governor to i^ropose, and invite your attention to such indorsement 
as General Dodge may make upon this communication: 

First. The term of service of the peculiar force known as the Missouri State ]\rilitia 
commences to expire during the present month, and (with exception of a small pro- 
portion of recruits who have been enlisted at various times since its organization) it 
will all be mustered out of service during the next six months. Its aggregate strength, 
as shown by the last returns received, is in the neighborhood of 8,000 men. One 
regiment of veterans, the Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, has already been 
raised out of it; another has been commenced — the Fourteenth Cavalry — and will, I 
have reasons to believe, be si^eedily completed, 250 men being already at the rendez- 
vous as a nucleus. Say 1,000 men will be required to fill up the latter regiment; we 
have then an aggregate of about 7,000 left in the force, which can be made available 
toward filling up our old cavalry regiments of volunteers. 

Second. The regiments of Missouri cavalry volunteers whose term of service as 
regiments has expired, or is about to expire, are stationed and composed as follows: 

First Regiment ]Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, Little Rock, Ark, say 600 men. 

Third Regiment Missouri Cavalry Vohmteers, Little Rock, Ark., say 500 men. 

Fourth Regiment Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, Memphis, Tenn, say 450 men. 

Sixth Regiment Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, Baton Rouge, La., say 500 men. 

Seventh Regiment Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, Little Rock, Ark., say 550 men. 

It is proposed that these regiments be ordered into the State of IMissouri for pur- 
poses of reorganization and recruitment out of the ^Missouri State Militia force, and 
that an ecjual number of volunteers, now in the State, be sent to replace them. 
These regiments are mostly dismounted at the present time, while those which can 
be sent to replace them have a good mount. 

By a judicious selection of officers out of the Missouri State Militia, who shall be 
given positions in these i-egirnents (as there are plenty of vacancies both of field and 
company), in accordance with the number of men they recruit. 

141 



142 MISSOUKI TEOOPS UNION". 

By the granting of a furlough of twenty days, say, for each man who reenhsts for 
two years, and of thirty days for three years' enhstments, as an additional induce- 
ment to the ordinary bounties, it is l^elieved that the five regiments above named 
can be filled with veteran soldiers in time for the spring campaign. 

I am fully impressed that the result can not be accomplished by sending recruit- 
ing parties to the State from these regiments. The regiments themselves must be 
sent here and stationed among the Missouri State ^Militia regiments. It is natural 
that the men should wish, in many instances, to enlist under their old officers, and 
it will Vie difficult to procure their enlistment upon mere promises that they shall be 
appointed. Again, the most favorable results would be accomplished by permitting 
the two forces to serve together for a while; acquaintances would be formed by actual 
association, which would go far toward encouraging the desired reenlistments. 

When the INIissouri State INIilitia force goes out of service, the commander of the 
Department of the Missouri must undoubtedly call for other troops to fill their places, 
perhaps at the very time when they can not be spared from other sections; but if 
this plan is consummated he will have a veteran force worth twice its number in 
raw troops. It is of the utmost importance that there should be no delay experienced, 
provided you are willing to adopt the jjlan, inasmuch as the nearer the approach of 
the expiration of each man's term of service the more difficult will it be to i^rocure 
his enlistment. 

I am instructed to ask also that recruiting parties may be sent from the First and 
Second Missouri Artillery among the Missouri State Militia at the same time, inas- 
much as several of the batteries of the former and one of the latter are greatly 
depleted, and in some instances have not enough men to work a section properly. 
I earnestly hope that an order maj^ issue in accordance with this proposition imme- 
diately. It is proper for me to add that I have written to General Fry ui)on this 
same subject at length in order to have his views expressed regarding it as a recruit- 
ing measure. 

I have the honor to remain, 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

John B. Gray, Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 
1011.] 

This proposition was declined b}" the War Department in a letter, 
dated Januarj^ 16, 1865, as follows: 

War Department, Ad.tutant-General's Office, 

Washington, January 16, 1865. 
Adjutant-General of Missouri, Saint Louis, Mo.: 

I am directed to inform you that the plan submitted in your letter of the 24th 
ultimo for reorganizing the old cavalry regiments of Missouri by recruitment from 
the Missouri State Militia is not api^roved by the War Department. 

Thomas M. Vincent, Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 1057.] 

On January 11, 1865, a proposition was made by the governor of the 
State that he be authorized to raise six i-egiments of volunteer cavahy 
for service in the State of Missouri. This proposition was embodied 
in a letter to Major-General Dodge, commanding the Department of 
the Missouri, of which the following is a cop}^: 

Executive Department, 
City of Jefferson, January 11, 1865. 
Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge. 

General: Another draft is coming; our State will be dejiopulated unless something 
is done to prevent it. Since the enrollment thousands of men are gone into rebel 
army, and as many more left the State. The loyal men, who have braved every- 
thing to stay in Missouri, will all be drafted, and all peaceful avocation be completely 
abandoned. Can not something be done to save us? 

I propose to raise six regiments of cavalry, United States Volunteers, for service in 
the State during time troops may be necessary here. The ten regiments, Missouri 
State Militia, are going out of service; will all be out by April next. 

If the Department will permit us at once to organize the six regiments, we can get 
volunteers to fill them, provided we have permission to recruit out of any Missouri 
regiment whose term of service expires within, say, nine months. Let the term of 
service of the new regiments be two or three years. 



ONE, TWO, OR thrp:e years' volunteers. 143 

I am confident of buinji able to raise tlie regiments if usual l)Ounties are allowed. 
If vou concur in this proposition, will you indorse and forward it to Secretary 
of War? 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Tnos. C. Fletciiek. 

Will send vou copv of militarv bill in a dav or two; have adopted your suggestions. 
[M; 209, V. S., 1865.] 

This letter was indorsed b}- General Dodge as follows: 

HeADQUAKTEKS iJKPAHTMENT OF THE MiSSOL'RI, 

St. Louis, Jamiary 14, 1S65. 
Kespectfullj' forwarded to the War Department. I am satisfied that the successful 
way to obtain the quota of this State is to allow Governor Fletcher to raise new regi- 
ments. We can hold the ^Missouri State IMilitia, or a great portion of it, if this is 
done. We will have to obtain troops to replace the Missouri State Militia; their 
time expires about the time we may expect trouble in the State. I am doing all I 
can to have them reenlist, but it is an uphill liusiness, as they are placed on a differ- 
ent footing as to bounties from other troojis. I urgently re(juest that the War Depart- 
ment take some action in this matter. 

G. M. Dodge, 
Major- General, Commanding. 

The authority requested by the governor was denied in a telegram 
from the War Department, dated January 24. 1S().5, in which, how- 
ever, the governor was advised that if he desired to raise neAV regi- 
ments of volunteer infantry for general service, without conditions as 
to enlistments from the Missouri State Militia, the necessary authority 
Avould be given. Following is a copy of the War Department telegram: 

War Department, 
Provost- Marshal- General's Office, Januavy ^4, 1865. 
Governor of Missouri, Jefferson City, Ma.: 

Your letter of 11th instant to General Dodge proposing to raise six regiments of 
volunteer cavalry has been forwarded to this Department. Authority for additional 
cavalry can not be granted, as new regiments of that arm are not needed, but if you 
desire to raise new regiments of volunteer infantry for general service, and without 
conditions as to recruitment from the Missouri State Militia, please inform me, and 
authority, say for six new regiments, will be promptly sent you. 

James B. Fry, 
Provost-Marshal-General. 
[Official Eecoi'ds of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. 'IV, p. 
1075.] 

Following the proposition of January 11, the adjutant-general of 
the State, under date of January 17, 1865, requested authority to 
reenlist the six months' men whose terms of service were expiring for 
an additional term of six months, dating from their original enlist- 
ments, thus securing to the State credits for twelve months' service. 
This proposition, which, with the reply of the War Department, is 
quoted in full in the preceding chapter, was also declined. 

On the 29th of January, 1865. a new proposal was made. This was 
that regiments be organized for twelve months' service in the State of 
Missouri, the proportions of infantry and cavalry to be determined b}^ 
the commanding general of the Department of the Missouri. This new 
proposition was embodied in a letter (or possil)ly a telegram) to the 
becretar}^ of War, of which the following i.s a cop}^: 

Executive Department, 

Jefferson City, Mo., January 29, 1865. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, 

Secretary of War, United States. 
Sir: I have the honor to submit that the condition of Missouri justifies me in 
making and the United States in accepting the following proposition: That I will 



144 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

call out and organize for twelve months' service in the State of ^Missouri the number 
of men embraced in the quota of the State, under the recent call of the President, 
in such proportions of infantry and cavalry as the commanding general of this 
department may direct, they to be accepted in satisfaction of the quota of the State. 
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Thos. C. Fletcher, 

Governor of Missouri. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLVIII, Part I, p. 678.] 

On the same date another communication embodying- the same propo- 
sition in another form was addressed to the Setjretary of War, as 
follows: 

Executive Department, 
Jefferson City, Mo., January 29, I860. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. 

Sir: I propose to raise a force equal in number to the quota of the State under call 
of December 19, 1864 (13,984 men), for, say, one year for service in the State, while 
troops are necessary in this department, in such proportion of infantry and cavalry 
as the major-general commanding may direct, such force to be credited to our quota 
under said call. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Thomas C. Fletcher, 

Governor of Missouri. 
[Ibid., Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1090.] 

The letter last quoted was inclosed in one to the commanding gen- 
eral, Department of the Missouri, of which the following is a copy: 

Executive Mansion, 
Jefferson City, Mo., January 30, 1865, 
Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge, 

Commanding Department of the Missouri. 
General: I have the honor herewith to inclose a proposition to Secretary of War 
for organizing a force of say 14,000 men, for service in Missouri for twelve months, in 
such proportion of infantry and cavalry as you may direct, to be credited the State on 
quota under call of December 19, 1864. 

You are aware of our condition, and appreciate the hardships of a draft for 13,984 
men out of a population worn down with militia duty as ours. The injustice of requir- 
ing us to furnish men to the United States service while we are compelled to keep so 
large a number of our people constantly in service as militia, is so apparent that it 
needs only to be understood to be acknowledged. Your department has been well- 
nigh stripped of effective force, the new regiments raised for service in the State are 
all gone, the Missouri »State Militia is rapidly being mustered out; it is necessary now 
to keep in active service a large number of men organized under General Orders, 
No. 107, as well as other Enrolled ^lissouri oNIilitia, for none of which do we get any 
credits. We will be compelled to keep, say, 14,000 militia in active service, and if 
we furnish 14,000 on our quota under recent call, the effect is to make us furnish 
double the number we should be required to furnish, and the people of the State 
prevented from cultivating their farms. I know you fully understand the condition 
of the State and the justice of what I have asked of the War Department. AVill you 
please indorse and forward accomiianying letter? I have forwarded copy to delega- 
tion in Congress. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Thomas C. Fletcher, 

Governor of Missouri. 

[Annual Report Adjutant-General of Missouri, 1865, p. 5.] 

No reply to this last proposition has been discovered, but it is stated 
by the adjutant-general of the State (Annual Report, 1865, p. 6) that 
"the Secretary" of War declined to approve the plan on the ground 
that the service contemplated was conditional, and an exception would 
therefore be made in favor of Missouri." However, without waiting 
for this reply, the governor, on the 30th of January, accepted the 
proposal of the War Department that he should raise new regiments 



ONE, TWO, OR THREE YEARS' VOLUNTEERS. 145 

of volunteer infantry for unconditional service. Hi.s acceptance of the 
War Department plan was as follows: 

Headqcarters State of Missocri, 

Auiutaxt-Gexekal's Office, 

St. Louis, Jannari/ SO, 1865. 
Gen. James B. Fry, 

Prompt- Marslwl-fleneral, Washington, D. C: 

Please give me authority to raise six regiments of infantry for twelve months' 
service, as indicated in your telegram of the 24th instant. 

Thomas C. Fletcher, Gorernor of Mis-iouri. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. IV, p. 1091.] 

The authority requested by Governor Fletcher was immediately 
granted in a teleo-ram of which the following is a cop^^: 

War Department, 
Pkovost-Marshal-General's Office, 

January 30, 1865. 
Governor of Missocri, St. Louis, Mo.: 

You are authorized by the Secretary of War to raise six regiments of volunteer 
infantry under the call of December 19, 1864. The period of service will be for one, 
two, or three years, as the recruits may elect. The said troops should be mustered 
into service by February 15 next, in order that they may })e credited on the quota 
of the State under the call before the draft commences. 

Incomplete regiments which fail to organize within a reasonable time will be con- 
solidated, so as to form and l)e mustered in with complete regimental organization. 
The recruitment, organization, and musters must conform to existing regulations. 
The regiments will be for general service ^vherever required. In raising them no 
enlistments from the Missouri State Militia or other troops already in the service of 
the United States will be sanctioned. 

James B. Fry, Pmvost-Marshal-General. 
[Ibid., p. 1092.] 

Under this authority recruiting was begun for six regiments, the 
Fifty-tirst to the Fifty-sixth, inclusive, and continued until the general 
suspension of recruiting for the volunteer armies, when instructions 
for the consolidation of the incomplete regiments were issued by 
the War Department as follows: 

Washington, D. C, April 14, 1865. 
Governor Thomas C. Fletcher, Jefferson City, Mo.: 

Recruiting has been stopped, and therefore the men enlisted for your new regi- 
ments should be consolidated immediately into as many complete regiments as num- 
bers will form. 

Thomas M. Vincent, Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 1270.] 

The result of these instructions, and of the eli'orts made for the for- 
mation of six regiments of Missouri Volunteer Infantr}^ for one, two, 
or three years' service, was the organization of one regiment, the Fif tj^- 
lirst. which was mustered into service for the period of twelvemonths. 
Hostilities having ceased, this regiment rendered no active service, but 
was emplo3'ed upon guard and escort duty in St. Louis until its mus- 
ter out of service, August 31, 1865. 

It is evident from the meager results of this last effort to organize 
volunteer regiments in ^Missouri that in that State, as well as in other 
States of the Union, the eagerness manifested in the early days of the 
war to enter the niilitaiy service of the United States had, in the clos- 
ing months of hostilities, become materially relaxed, a condition doubt- 
less due to four years' experience of the dangers and hardships of war. 

S. Doc. 412 10 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 



On May 31, 1861, Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, United States Volun- 
teers, relieyed Brig-adier-Generel Harney of the command of the 
Department of the West, and on the 11th of June he was authorized 
by the War Department to enlist in the seryice of the United States 
such loj^al citizens of the State of Missouri as he might think proper, 
to be armed by the United States, but not to be paid except when 
called into actiye seryice by the War Department, This authority 
was granted in a letter of which the following is an extract: 

War Department, Wasldngton, June 11, 1861. 
General Lyon: 

You are authorized to enlist in the service of the United States such loyal citizens 
of the State of Missouri as you think proper, who shall not receive pay except when 
called into active service by this Department. Five thousand additional stand of 
arms have been ordered to be forwarded to you for distribution among them. 
******* 

Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 384.] 

The letter quoted aboye is the authority for the organization of the 
Missouri Home Guards of 1861. The records relatiye to their organ- 
ization and seryice, and eyen with regard to the authority granted to 
individuals for the formation of companies and regiments, and the 
specific conditions of service, are very meager. It appears, however, 
that some such organizations had an existence even before Genei'al 
Lj'on was authorized to make enlistments for local service; that such 
organizations were subsequently recognized and armed by General 
Lyon and his successor, Major-General Fremont; that by these ofhcers, 
and their subordinate commanders, numerous individuals were author- 
ized to enroll companies and regiments of Home Guards, and that such 
guards rendered valuable service to the Government. Some of them 
were organized and armed for the purpose of protecting their own 
homes and neighborhoods, not receiving or expecting to receive com- 
pensation therefor, while others were enrolled for more active service, 
for which they were assured they would have a valid claim for pay. 
Concerning these irregular organizations, General Chester Harding, jr., 
adjutant-general of the State of Missouri, said in an official report, 
dated January 1, 1862: 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

St. Louis, January 1, 1862. 
His Excellency Governor H. R. Gamble: 

******* 

In June, 1861, the Government of the United States sent to the arsenal for dis- 
tribution among the loyal inhabitants of Missouri 10,000 stand of arms and sets of 
accouterments. These were placed in the hands of the so-called Home Guards in 

146 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. l-iT 

different parts of the State. No accurate account can be given of the Home Guards. 
To the great majority of them these arms and accouterments were given for the 
purpose of enabHng them to protect their own homes and neighborhoods. They 
expected neither ])ay nor subsistence from the Government, and made no reports to 
its authorities. Tliey have been of great servii-e to the State and to the Union 
cause, and have exhibited much gallantry when Vjrouglit in contact with the enemy. 
Besides those armed by the United States, there were probably enough more in the 
Home (4uard organization who furnished their own arms to make the whole number 
in the State upward of b'>,000. There was a class of Home Guards, however, which 
should properly be considered a part of our volunteer force. These troojw were 
raised under the following circumstances: For a long time Missouri was not per- 
mitted to place in the field all men who desired to serve as volunteers for the war. 
Until late in the summer the State was limited as to the number of regiments that 
would be accepted, and there was no authority to accept cavalry or artillery. 
Brigadier-General Lyon, then in charge of this department, desiring to make his 
entire volunteer force available, enrolled some battalions and companies of Home 
Guards for three months' .service and placed them in charge of a part of our lines of 
conununication. These troops were ordered upon duty as soon as organized, and 
were kept in active service constantly until their time of enlistment expired. A 
complete list of them can not be given. The following is an approximate estimate 
of their number: 

Potosi Home Guards 50 

De Soto Home Guards 102 

Carondelet Home Guards 103 

Inks's Battalion 350 

Owens's Battalion 400 

Hundhausen's Battalion 400 

St. Charles Battalion 300 

Jefferson City Battalion 200 

Hannibal Battalion 304 

Total 2,209 

These troops, although they were necessarily stationed where they were most 

exposed to the malarious fevers of the country during the summer and fall without 

adequate supplies, and although in ^ithfully performing an important duty they 

have been more than decimated by diseases, are yet unrecognized and unpaid by the 

Government. 

******* 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Chester Harding, Jr., AfJjutant-General. 

[Ibid., Series III, Vol. I, pp. 794-796.] 

The author of the report from which the above quotation is made 
was well qualified to speak with reference to the Missouri Home 
Guards of 1861, having- been himself an assistant adjutant-general on 
the staff of General Lyon and fully conversant with the whole subject. 

The question of the payment of the Home Guards was early brought 
to the attention of Major-Geueral Fremont, and in a letter from his 
assistant adjutant-general, dated September 7, 1861, it was stated: 

The general commanding does not intend to make any decision in the case, it 
never having been his intention to order the payment of the Home Guards. 
[Book No. 8, AVestern Department, pp. 498, 499.] 

A few days later, on Septepiber 12, 1861, another correspondent 
was advised: 

General Fremont has decided not to order the Home Guards to be mustered at all, 
either for pay or out of service, as they were never mustered in. They are to seek 
relief through Congress, as it was understood between them and General Lyon that 
thev expected nothing but arms and subsistence. 

[ibid, p. 509.] 

On October 25, 1861, the Adjutant-General of the Arni}^ addressed 
the Pa3^master-General, cautioning him against the payment of Home 



148 MISSOUKI TROOPS — UNioisr. 

Guards and other troops org-anized in the vicinity of St. Louis "for 
duty only in limited localities or upon certain contingencies." His 
letter is as follows: 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

Washington, October 25, 1861. 
Paymaster-General, Wushington, D. C. 

Sir: Information having been received that bodies of troops are being formed in 
and about St. Louis, Mo., which, under the names of "Home Guards," "Reserve 
Corps," and other appellations, are being mustered into the service of the United 
States for duty only in limited localities or upon certain contingencies, you are hereby 
cautioned that such organizations are entirely without authority, and no })ayments 
made to them will be sanctioned by the Government. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 
[Letters Sent, A. G. O., Vol. 38, p. 468.] 

It is probable that this letter was intended to appl}^ especially to the 
Reserve Corps regiments which were at the time in process of organi- 
zation at St. Louis. 

On NoV'ember 9, 1861, Major-General Halleck was assigned to the 
command of the newdy created Department of the Missouri. In his 
instructions from Major-General McClellan, commanding the Arm\' of 
the United States, he was required to examine into the legality of the 
organization of the troops serving in the department, and when he 
found any illegal, unusual, or improper organization, to give to the 
officers and men an opportunity to enter the legal militar}- establish- 
ment itnder the general laws and the orders of the War Department. 
(Official Records of the LTnion and Confederate Armies, Series I, V^ol. 
III. p. 568.) 

On December 2, 1861, General Halleck was addressed b}' the War 
Department as follows: 

• Ad,iutant-General's Office, 

Washington, December 2, 1861. 
Commanding Officer of the Department of Missouri. 

Sir: The Secretary of War directs that such of the Home Guards or Reserve Corps 
of Missouri as have done active service in Missouri away from their homes be paid 
for the period thus served in the .same manner as other volunteer regiments of their 
res2>ective arms. You will take such further action in regard to these troops as the 
interest of the service may demand. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, Vol. I, p. 709.] 

This letter was based upon correspondence of which the following 
is a copy: 

AVashington, November 16, 1861. 
Gen. L. Thomas, Adjutant-General United States Army . 

Sir: I have been requested to state, for the information of the Department, the 
facts relative to the Reserve Corps and Home Guards in the State of Missouri. I was 
assistant adjutant-general upon the staff of General Lyon at the time of the formation 
of these corps, and am acquainted with the whole subject. General Lyon authorized 
parties residing in different parts of the State' to organize as Home Guards for their 
own protection and the preservation of peace in their respective neighborhoods. 
These were armed by the United States upon proof of their organization being fur- 
nished. They were also supplied with ammunition, but were not to receive rations, 
clothing, or pay. General Lyon also authorized Col. J. W. Owens, Maj. William C. 
Inks, Captain Nagel, and Captain Cook to raise commands corresponding with their 
titles, for three months' term, for the purpose of guarding the railroad lines, with 
the assurance that services which they might render the Government would con- 
stitute a valid claim for pay, and that he would use his influence and authority 
to have this claim recognized. Maj. Josiah Hunt was authorized to raise a battalion 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 149 

upon the same footing as had been the basis of the St. Lonis United States Reserve 
Corjjs, viz, that actnal service was to l)e paiil for. Kacli of the otheers aV)Ove named 
raised their respective conmiand. They were armed, eqnipped, and furnished with 
camp and garrison equipage as fast as possible. Clothing was not to be had for 
troops in the held, and of course the Home (luards got none. They were all ordered 
upon duty. Colonel Owens's regiment guarded the Pacific Railroad on the South- 
west Branch and on a portion of the main line. Major Inks's V)attalion guarded the 
line from Franklin to St. Louis; Captain Nagel's company (from Carondelet) guarded 
the Iron Mountain Railroad from St. Louis to and including the Meramec bridge; 
Captain Cook's company (from I)e Soto) guarded another important portion of the 
same line, ^hijor Hunt was at Hannibal protecting the railnuul {jrojierty there and 
for some distance west. 1 omitted to mention Ccl. (tlien Maj.) E. reabody's 
Reserve Corps at St. Joseph. It was organized upon similar authority to that 
given to Major Hunt. From the time of the enrollment of Colonel Owens's, Major 
Inks's, Captains Nagel's and Cook's conunands to the expiration of their three 
months, and longer, these troops were on constant active duty and duty of the most 
disagreeable nature. To give an instance: Captain Maupin, of Owens's regiment, 
witli a tine company of about ninety men, was ordered to guard the second crossing 
of the ^Nleramec River, on the Southwest Branch. When he was relieved he had but 
twenty men fit for duty. The rest were ilisal)led by fever and ague and other dis- 
eases incident to that service. That Colonel Peabody's and Major Hunt's commands 
performed arduous duty also 1 know, but can not state how much, as they were 
placed under the immediate control of the commanding otiicer on the line of the 
Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, and did not report to General Lyon. The United 
States Reserve Corps of St. Louis (five full regiments) have been paid for term of 
their enlistment, and the others, in my opinion, are justly entitled to their pay. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Chester Harding, Jr., 
Colonel Tenth Mhaouri Volunteers. 

[First indorsement.] 

Adjutant-General's Office, November 19, 1861. 
Respectfully referred to the Secretary of War, with the recommendation that such 
of the Home Guards or Reserve Corps of Missouri as have done active service be paid 
in the same manner as other volunteer regiments. 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 

[Second indorsement.] 

War Department, November 25, 1861. 
Approved, as recommended. 

Thomas A. Scott, Acting Secretani of War. 
[Ibid., pp. 651, 652.] 

With a view to the reorganization of the forces of his department in 
accordance with instructions, General Halleck issued General Orders, 
No. 14, of 1861: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 14. J St. Louis, December 4, 1861. 

With a view to the systematic organization of the forces of this department, all 
commanders of regiments, batteries, troops, and companies, raised under authoriza- 
tions from any source whatever, now in the service of the United States in this depart- 
ment, will forward certified copies of their "muster-in rolls," including those of the 
field and staff, as well as those of companies, to these headquarters. The rolls will 
be accompanied by a letter of advice, stating the present station of the force, giving 
the town and county, also whether the ofhcers are commissioned, and by whom. 
These rolls will be forwarded through the commanders of districts, divisions, bri- 
gades, or posts, who will see that it is done as promptly as possible. Where there are 
corps or detachments which have not been mustered, but have been in service, the 
commanding officer will make affidavit before an officer authorized to administer 
oaths, that the rolls are correct, and that the men and officers on the rolls thus 
authenticated have been in service for the period set opposite their respective names, 
which affidavit will be forwarded with the rolls. 

The object of this order being to have commissions furnished to those officers who 
are without them, and the troops mustered, so that they can be paid and supplied 



150 MISSOURI TROOPS UISTIOISr. 

with clothing and subsistence, in accordance with law and regulations, the interests 
of the service as well as those of men and officers prompt the utmost dihgence in 
complying with this order. They will be addressed to the assistant adjutant-general 
at these headquarters, marked on the envelope "Muster-in rolls." 
By order of Majoi'-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, 
Assistant Adjutant- Genercd. 

On December 9, 1861, the War Department letter of October 25, 
1861. quoted in this paper, having been brought to his notice, the 
commanding general issued the following: 

Genera'l Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 21. j St. Louis, December 9, 1861. 

1. The following letter having been brought to the notice of the Major-General 
commanding this department, is published for the information of all concerned, viz: 

"Adjutant-General's Office, 

" Washington, October 25, 1861. 
" The Paymaster-General, Washington, D. C: 

"Sir: Information having been received that bodies of troops are being formed in 
and about St. Louis, Mo., which, under the name of Home Guards, Reserve Corps, and 
other ai^pellations, are l^eing mustered into the service of the United States for duty 
only in limited localities, or upon certain contingencies, you are hereby cautioned 
that such organizations are entirely without authority, and that no payments made 
to them will be sanctioned by the Government. 

"I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

" L. Thomas, Adjutant-General.'" 

Officers appointed from these headquarters to muster troops are authorized to 
muster or remuster into the service of the United States all such bodies of troops, 
for three years or during the war, unless sooner discharged, as directed l:)y the act 
of Congress on the subject, provided their plan of organization conforms to the orders 
of the War Department, including in the muster or remuster so made the period 
during which the bodies of troops aljove referred to have been in actual service. 
* * * * • * * * 

By order of Major-General Halleck: J. C. Kelton, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 

Reporting to the Adjutant-General of the Army, under date of 
December 18, 1861, General Halleck said: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, December 13, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, 

Adjutant- General of the Army, Wasliington City: 
******* 

The "Home Guards" are not a regular organization; some have been mustered in 
with the reservation of serving only in this State, while others, although long in 
service, have never been mustered at all. I have offered them the option to be 
mustered in according to law, so as to cover their past services, or to be mustered out 
and receive pay only for "active service in ^Missouri au-ay from their homes," in ac- 
cordance with your instructions of the 2d instant. Most of them will probably pre- 
fer the latter alternative. If they do, it will l)e very difficult to ascertain the length 
of their service "away from home." 

******* 

[1257, ^lissouri Department, 1861.] 

The offer referred to above, giving the Home Guards the option of 
being regularly mustered into service or mustered out with pay for 
services rendered away from their homes, was published in General 
Orders, No. 25, of December 11, 1861: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the ^Missouri, 

Xo. 25. i St. Louis, December 14, 1861. 

******* 

III. Home Guards and other irregular organizations mustered in with an unau- 
thorized limitation as to place of service, or in service without having been mustered 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 151 

in, will be allowed the option to be now regularly mustered in for three years, or 
during the war, according to law and regulations, to cover the full time of back 
service, so that they can be regularly paid and furnished with supplies, or to be mus- 
tered out of service, and receive i)ay only for the period they "have done active 
service in Missouri away from their homes." 

******* 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Keltox, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 

On December 18, 1861, General Halleck informed a correspondent 
that no more Home Guards would be org-anized to l)e paid and sup- 
ported by the United States (Letters sent, Department of the Missouri, 
Vol. XVI, p. 116). and on the folloAving da3\ in a letter addressed to 
Major-General McClellan. commanding- the Army, he stated that the 
Home Guards were being disbanded as rapidly as he could supply their 
places. 

Within a few days all of the organizations of the Missouri Home 
Guards formed by authority' of Generals L3'on and Fremont, and their 
sut)ordinate commanders, had ceased to exist. To quote the report 
of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, subsequenth' appointed, '"these 
organizations were kept up from one to six months, and in a few cases 
for a longer period;" all had now been disbanded, either b}" orders from 
the commanding general or through their own independent action. 
As stated in the annual report of the adjutant-general of the State 
for the year 1863 (pp. 15, 16): 

The various organizations of Home Guards throughout the State had either been 
disbanded by orders from competent authority, or else, finding that there was no 
prospect, either immediate or remote, of obtaining any ])ay from the General Gov- 
ernment, had relieved themselves from duty, for the ]iurpose of providing for their 
families, in such localities as were nominally within the lines of loyal troops and 
where the danger appeared to be not too imminent. 

The italics used above are in the original, but neither they nor the 
language of the report should l)e construed as a reflection upon the 
l)atriotic citizens to whom the report refers, as these citizens had not 
been formally mustered into the service of the State or of the United 
States and were under no legal obligations of service. 

The organizations in existence when General Halleck assumed com- 
mand of the department had not accepted his offer to be "regularly 
mustered" into the United States service, and on Februar}' 21, 1862, 
a general order was issued from department headquarters directing 
that ''all arms and accouterments issued to Missouri Home Guards by 
order of the late Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon," be turned over to the 
United States authorities. 

It does not appear that the members of the Home Guard organizations 
were paid, either during the period of their service or at the dates of 
the disbandment of the organizations to which the}' belonged, the pay 
promised them for the time they were in active service away from 
their homes. In a letter from General Halleck. heretofore quoted in 
this paper, it was said of the Home Guards then in service that it would 
be "very difficult to ascertain the length of their service ' awav from 
home,'" and in a letter dated January 18. 1862, General Halleck said 
of the organizations disbanded before he took command: 

Headquarters Department of the Missovri, 

St. Louis, Mo., January IS, 1862. 
Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, 

Adjutant-General of the Army, Washington. 

General: Several bodies of men who were organized under General Lyon and 
General Fremont, and have done service in the field, were disbantled before I took 



152 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

the command. It appears that they were promised pay, but they can not be paid 
under the Secretary's order to me in relation to Home Guards, because they can not 
be brought togetlier for mustering in and out. 

It has been proposed that such troops be permitted to be mustered into the State 
militia to include the time they actually served away from their homes (the proper 
affidavits, etc., being required on the muster rolls, as in the case of Home Guards), 
and to be paid the same as State troops. The governor thinks this measure would 
greatl}^ increase mustering in the militia. 

I recommend the measure for the action of the War Department. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. \V. Halleck, Major-General. 

[M. 77, V. S., 1862.] 

To this letter the Adjutant-General replied as follows: 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

Washington, Februari/ 8, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, 

Commanding Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 
General: In reply to your communication of January 18, I am instructed to say 
that if the men organized under Generals Lyon and Fremont and disbanded before 
you took command of the department, can not again be collected to be mustered in 
and out, you will take such measures as you may deem best calculated to muster 
them individually, if necessary. 

It is not considered advisable to cover the time already served by them by antedat- 
ing their enlistments in the State service. 

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

L. Thomas, Adjutant- General. 
[Letters sent, Adjutant-General's Office (V. S. ), Vol. 1, p. 418.] 

The difficulties in the way of the payment of the Missouri Home 
Guards do not appear to have been easily overcome, as considerable 
legislation and the appointment of commissioners were found to be a 
necessary prerequisite. The first legislation on the subject is found in 
an act approved March 25, 1862, of which the following is a copy: 

AN ACT to secure to the officers and men actually emplo>'ed in the Western Department, or Depart- 
ment of Missouri, their pay, bounty, and pension. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized 
and required to allow and pay to the officers, noncommissioned officers, musicians, 
and privates who have been heretofore actually employed in the military service of 
the United States, whether mustered into actual service or not, where their services 
were accepted and actually employed by the generals who have been in command of 
the Department of the West, or the Deiiartment of the Missouri, the pay and bounty 
as in cases of regular enlistment. 

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the officers, noncommissioned officers, musi- 
cians, and privates so employed, who may have been wounded or incapacitated for 
service, shall be entitled to and receive the pension allowed for such disal)ility: Pro- 
vided, That the length and character of their enlistment and service be such as to 
entitle them under existing laws to such pension. 

Sec 3. And be it further enacted, That the heirs of those killed in battle, or of those 
who may have died from wounds received while so in service, shall be entitled to 
receive tlie bounty and pay to which they would have been entitled had they been 
regularly mustered into service: Provided, That the bounty and pay referred to in 
this act shall not be payable unless their term of enlistment and service be of such 
duration as to entitle them to receive the same, according to existing laws. 

Approved, March 25, 1862. " 

[12 Stat. L., p. ;374.] 

By an act approved May 14, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
carry into effect the previous legislation. This act was as follows: 

AN ACT to provide for the deficiency in the appropriation for the pay of the two and three years' 
volunteers and the oflicers and men actually employed in the Western Department. 

* ***** -K- 

Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That there be, and hereby is, appropriated, out of 
any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of one hundred 



HOME GUAKDS, 1801. 153^ 

thousand dollar!^, or so muoh thereof a« may be necessary, to carry into effect the act 
approved March twenty-lifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, to secure pay, liounty, 
and pensions to officers and men actually employed in the Western Department or 
Department of Missouri. 
Approved, May 14, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 38.5.] 

Sub.seciuontly, by a resolution approved July 12, 1862, it was 
enacted that all payments under the act of March 25, 1S62, be sus- 
pended and that a commission be appointed to examine the claim.s 
arising- under the provisions of that act. FoUowiuo- is a copy of the 
resolution: 

A RESOLUTIOX to suspend all payments under the act approved 25th of March, 18(V2, entitled "An 
act to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the Western Department or Department 
of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension," and for other piurposes. 



Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 




Department or Department of Mi-ssonri their pay, bounty, and pension;" and that 
there shall be appointed by the President,.immediately after the passage of this reso- 
lution, by and with the advice and t-onsent of the Senate, three commissioners to 
examine all claims arising under the provisions of that act, and report the same, 
with the facts coiniected therewith, to the Secretary of War; said commissioners to 
have such compensation for their services as the Secretary of War may consider just 
and reasonable: Provided, That said commissioners shall be required to examine 
and report within sixty days after the passage of this resolution upon all such claims 
as may be presented by persons claiming to have been organized or employed in the 
State of Missouri, and to have performed service according to the provisions of the 
said recited act, whereupon payments shall be made as recommended by said com- 
missioners and as required by said act: And provided further, That within ninety 
days from the passage of this resolution the said commissioners shall examine and 
report upon all other claims arising under the act aforesaid, when payments shall be 
made as herein prescribed. 
Approved, July 12, 1862. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 623.] 

For some reason not discovered the commissioners provided for by 
the resolution of July 12, 1S62, were not immediately appointed and 
the provisions of that resolution were accordingly revived by a joint 
resolution approved February 16, 1863, as follows: 

JOINT RESOLUTION to revive "An act to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the 
Western Department or Department of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension, and for other pur- 
poses." 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America^ in 
Congress assembled, That the provisions of a joint resolution entitled "A resolution 
to suspend all payments under the act approved the 25th of ^Nlarch, 1862, entitled 
'An act to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the Western Depart- 
ment or Department of Missouri their pay, bounty, and pension, and for other pur- 
poses,'" approved July 12, 1862, be, and they are" hereby, revived, and the commis- 
sioners therein provided for shall be allowed six months from the passage of this 
resolution within which to make their report. 

Approved, February 16, 1863. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 824.] 

IVIessrs. Hawkins Taylor, Charles T. Sherman, and Francis T. Rus- 
sell were appointed commissioners under the provisions of the revived 
resolution, and their appointment was announced in a general order 
from the War Department of which the following is a copy: 

General Orders, \ War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 64. / Washington, March 16, 1863. 

Hawkins Taylor, esq., of ; Charles T. Sherman, esq., of Ohio, and Francis 

T. Russell, esq., of Missouri, are appointed by the President commissioners under the 



154 MISSOFKI TROOPS UNION. 

joint resolution of July 12, 1862, revived, to examine claims of officers and men 
actually employed in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri. 

James H. Moss, esq., is appointed solicitor for the Commission. 

By order of the Secretary of War: 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 

The commissioners prompth' entered upon the duties for which thej" 
had been appointed, establishing- their headquarters at St. Louis, Mo. 
Soon after assembling a circular was issued, quoting the acts of Con- 
gress under which the Commission was constituted, closing- with the 
following- 

INSTRUCTIONS TO CLAIMANTS. 

For the information of claimants whose claims may l^e presented for examination 
by the Commission, organized for the purpose of examining claims for pay, bounty, 
and i^ensions of officers and men for military services rendered the United States 
prior to March 25, 1862, in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri, the 
following suggestions are made and forms recommended in regard to presenting tes- 
timony in support of claims, viz: 

It is desirable that a short and comprehensive statement should accompany the 
papers of each claimant, whether an individual claim or company claim, showing 
the date, locality, authority, and immediate causes for the organization or services, 
the county or counties in which the services were rendered, the nature and extent of 
such services, and the date and place when discharged, and such other facts and cir- 
cumstances that may throw light upon his or their claim or claims. 

Comi^any rolls should in all cases, when obtainaljle, be tiled as the evidence of 
claim, and when so filed they must be made out in the same manner and with as full 
detail as rolls made out for drawing pay under the army regulations, and must be 
accompanied by evidence of the authority for the organization of the company and 
for the calling of the same into active service, or the acceptance of said service by 
the commanding officer. 

When the company has been mustered out of service and the officer commanding 
the same is out of service, his affidavit in place of the certificate must be made and 
be on the same sheet of paper or form on which the roll is made out, and may be in 
the following form, viz: 

State of Missouri, County of : 

A B makes oath, and says: I am the identical individual who was — of Com- 
pany — , called into the military service of the United States, in the Department of 

Missouri, by order of ; that this roll exhibits the true state of the 

company for the period herein mentioned; that the remarks set opposite each officer's 
and soldier's name are accurate and true, and that the recapitulation exhibits the 
true state of the company, and that I have no knowledge of any member of said 
company having received pay, or anything in lieu thereof, either from the State or 
General Government for services rendered, except as stated in said roll. 

A B. 

The individual claimant's application may be made out as follows, viz: 
State of Missouri, County of : 

A B makes oath, and says: I am the identical person who was a in Com- 
pany [A], commanded Ijy Captain - — ■ (if a regiment, here insert the number of 

the regiment and the name of colonel), in the military service of the United States 

in the Department of Missouri; that I rendered service in said company from the 

day of , 186-, to the day of , 186-, making continuously days; 

that I have received for said service dollars and cents, and that the 

amount due me yet for said service is dollars and cents, for which I 

have received no equivalent, or anything in lieu thereof, and that I have accounted 
for all public propertv that has come into mv hands or under mv control. 

A B. 

All affidavits to be sworn to before a notary public, clerk or judge of court having 
a seal, or justice of the jseace whose official character is properly attested. 

When the claims of single individuals are presented, they should be accomimnied 
by the same evidence of the authority for such service as is required in cases of 
presentation of claims by company rolls, as explained above, and must be verified 
in the same way. 

The certificate of the officer administering the oath to claimants must certify to 
the identity of the claimant as the individual who rendered the service when the 
facts are personally known to him, and when he has no personal knowledge of the 
identity of the claimant that fact must be proven by other testimony. 



HOME GUARDS, 18(51. 155 

Whilst coiitorniity to the above rules, as nearly as may be, is regarded as important 
to the protection of the (Government, yet in extreme or exceptional cases the com- 
missioners will not hesitate to allow boiia fide claims established to their satisfaction. 

In all cases deemed proper by the comndssioners oral testimony will be required. 

The Commission is now in session in the circuit court room of the court-liouse, in 
St. Louis, and claimants are notified to present their claims, with proofs, as early as 

mav be. 

Hawkins Taylor, 
Charles T. Sherman, 
Francis T. Rissell, 

Commission. 

James H. Moss, 
Solicitor for the Commissioners. 
James Fletcher, 

Secretary. 
[7412, V. S., 1S71.] 

In a later edition of the ''Instructions," the following was substi- 
tuted for the last two paragraphs quoted above: 

Evidence of present loyalty of all claimants will be required. 

Proof of actual service must be made, at least in part, by persons other than 
officers and members of regiments and companies having a common interest therein. 

Evidence in writing, by authenticated affidavits and certificates, is desired, but in 
all cases deemed proper "the Commission will require oral testimony, and, if neces- 
sary, furnish subpcenas for witnesses and allow mileage and per diem attendance. 

The Commission is now in continuous session in the circuit court roomof the court- 
house in St. Louis, and claimants are notified to present their claims with proofs as 
early as may be. The time of the Commission is limited to the 16th of August next, 
and'manv claims mav be excluded for want of time. 

A delegate from the Commission will attend at Des Moines City, Iowa, from and 
after June 8, and at Leavenworth City, Kans., July 6, and St. Joseph, ]Mo., July — , 
for the convenience of claimants in those sections for a few days only; but an acting 
quorum will remain continuallv in St. Louis. 

[Ibid.] 

On ]May 12, 1863, the commissioners addressed to the Secretary of 
War a letter in which they reported progress, and requested instruc- 
tions relative to their jurisdiction of certain claims. Following is an 

extract of the letter: 

St. Louis, Mo., Maij 12, 1863. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. 

Sir: The Commission to examine claims for services in the Western department, 
under the act of Congress of March 25, 1862, have the honor to report that since the 
date of their last letter it has been establishing rules of evidence and receiving and 
examining claims. The number of claims before us is al)out 9,000, with a large 
number vet to come in. 

Various disputed questions have arisen and been decided. The ope of the most 
frequent occurrence is whether claims of officers for services rendered between the 
time of appointment and time of being mustered in the regular threeyears' volun- 
teer service are within the jurisdiction of the Commission. A majority of us, and 
not without doubts, are inclined to hold that the Commission have no right to exam- 
ine and allow for services rendered in the three years' volunteer service, but must 
confine themselves to inquiry of the services rendered by the Home Guards or irreg- 
ular troops. 

We would respectfully ask for instructions on that subject. 

* * * * *■ * * 

Respectfully, yours, Hawkins Taylor, 

Chas. T. Sherman, 
F. T. Russell, 

Commissioners. 

P. S. — The solicitor for the Government, James H. Moss, decides that the Commis- 
sion has jurisdiction over claims presented by the regular three years' volunteers 
for services rendered prior to the time of their being mustered into the regular three 
years' service. 

I concur with Mr. Moss in the opinion he gives. F. T. Russell. 

[Ibid.] 



156 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

The question submitted by the commissioners was referred to the 
Solicitor of the War Department, whose views were concurred in by 
the Secretary of War and conmiunicated to the Commission for its 
information and guidance. These views were expressed in a letter of 
which the following- is a copy: 

War Department, Washington City, June 4, 1863. 
Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War. 

Sir: The letter of Hawkins Taylor, chairman of the Committee on Claimp, as 
organized under General Orders, No. 62 [64], having been referred to me, I have the 
honor to say : 

That it was enacted by the statute of March 25, 1862, chapter 49, section 1, that 
the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and required to allow and pay 
to the officers, noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates who have been 
heretofore actually employed in the military service of the United States, whether 
mustered into actual service or not, where their services were accepted and actually 
employed by the generals vho liave been in command of the Department of the 
West or the Department of the Missouri, the pay and bounty as in cases of regular 
enlistment. 

Section 2 provides for the payment of pensions in certain cases. 

Section 3 provides that in certain cases the bounty shall be paid to the heirs of 
those who have V)een killed. 

By the act of July 12, 1862, payments under the former act were suspended, and 
commissioners were appointed to examine and report upon all claims arising under 
that act, within periods of time therein stated. 

By the act of February 16, 1863, the time for making report of these claims was 
extended to six months from that date. 

The design of the act of March 25, 1862, was to place volunteers in Missouri, who 
had at some period enlisted in the service of the United States, upon the same footing 
as to pay, pensions, and bounty as though they had been regularly mustered into the 
service at the time when they actually entered the service and were actually accepted 
as United States soldiers by the military connnander of the department to which 
they belonged, thereby placing the volunteers of Missouri upon an equal footing with 
the volunteers of other States. Hence, by the true construction of the act, no claims 
can be allowed for volunteers who were not actually in the service of the United 
States. No claims can be allowed for volunteers, whether in the service of the United 
States or not, unless their services were accepted and actually employed by the gen- 
erals vlio had command of the departments. 

The payment for services is to be commensurate with those services; to begin when 
the services began and to end when the services ended. 

No services can be allowed for by the commissioners for any period pr/or to the 
acceptance and actual employment of these volunteers by the aforesaid commanders 
of departments. 

Thus no claims can be allowed for recruiting officers who were not at the time when 
so employed in recruiting actually in the employ and service of said commanders of 
departments. 

All pay of officers or men, and all expenses of getting up the regiment in the State 
service, such as recruiting, rations, transportation, etc., may be just claims against 
the State of Missouri, but they are not in the class of claims of whi-h this board has 
cognizance. 

The duty of the commissioners is to treat the claims of the volunteers in the same 
way as though they had for the first time been mustered into the service of the 
United States at the date when their services were actually accepted and employed 
by the commander of the department to which they belonged. Of claims for serv- 
ices prior to that date they have no jurisdiction. 

This board has no jurisdiction over claims for service of troops who have lieen reg- 
ularly organized and mustered into the service in the usual way under the laws of 
the United States by competent authority. Such claims are to be presented to the 
proper departments at Washington. 

I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, 

William Whiting, 
Solicitor of\ the War Department. 
■ [Ibid.] 

The final report of the Commission appointed under the revived 
joint resolution of 'h\\y 12, 1862, now known as the Hawkins Ta3"lor 
Commission, is as follows: 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 157 

St. Loi'is CouRT-HousE, 
St. Loubi, Mo., Septeinber — , 1S63. 
Hon. E. M. Stantox, Secrefanj of War. 

Sir: The undersigned, appointed under General Orders, No. 64, to examine all 
claims arising umler the act of Congress appro ve(l March 25, 1862, entitled "An act 
to secure to the othcers and men actually employed in the Western Department, or 
Department of the Missouri, their pay, bounty, and pensions," have the honor to 
submit the following report: 

Through the courtesy of the county court a room was furnished in the court-house 
in the city of St. Louis, where they met, and continued their daily sessions uninter- 
rupted until this date. Owing to the very limited time given the Conunission in 
which to examine and pass upon the claims arising under said act, one member of 
the Conunission was sent to the State of Iowa to give information and collect evi- 
dence as regards claims arising in that State, and remained there some two weeks. At 
another time another member was sent to the State of Kansas for the same ])urp(jse, 
.and remained about the same length of time. At all times continuing a majority of 
the Commission at St. Louis for the transaction of Inisiness. 

Immediately after our assemblage we appointed Dr. James Fletcher, of Kansas, as 
principal secretary, and shortly after A. C. Cummins, of Ohio, chief clerk. Subse- 
quently and for different periods we employed the following persons as assistant 
clerks, viz: Thomas J. Sutton, Ferdinand Hess, William H. Sirmscoe, Henry Rohe, 
and Peter A. Feldmear, and Joseph Taylor, messenger. 

The services of Dr. Fletcher and Captain Cummins were very efficient and valu- 
able. They are entitled to our thanks for their industry and attention to the business 
of the Commission. We cannot speak too highly of the valuable assistance and 
services rendered to us and to our business by the Hon. James H. Moss, the solicitor 
to the Commission. His untiring industry and his intelligence and legal skill light- 
ened our labors and afforded much valuable aid in the investigation of all classes of 
claims before us. 

A regular docket of all claims was carefully kept, and public notice was given of 
our Sessions in the leading newspapers publishecl in St. Louis and in the States of 
Missouri, Iowa, and Kansas, giving notice of the sitting and organization of the 
Commission. 

The Commission also issued a circular giving the laws under which they acted, 
together with instructions as to the form and manner of presenting claims, a copy of 
which is annexed. 

The number of claims filed for services of companies was 274, of which number 
we allowed 247. 

The number of individual claims was 307, of which 97 were allowed. Number of 
field and staff claims 31; allowed, 28. The total amount allowed for claims of serv- 
ices of companies is §735,256.04, and for individual claims is §22,426.68, and for field 
and staff, 842,929.41. Total amount allowed, S800,612.13. 

The amount claimed as due by the parties we can not state, as the larger portion 
of the companies' claims stated only the time claimed and not the amount, but we 
doubt not but the aggregate sum claimed by the parties would amount to over 
$1,500,000. 

No claim was allowed • unless it was strictly for personal service in the military 
service, and all were not only required to show that they were called out or accepted 
by proper authority, but performed actual military service in the field as distin- 
guished from services in organizing, drilling, recruiting, or in camp. We required 
proof of actual service other than the oath of the claimant, and generally the serv- 
ices were proven by the testimony of one or more disinterested witnesses or the cer- 
tificate of well-known officers now in service. The services of a very great portion 
of the company claimants were necessarily desultory and not continuous. At the 
breaking out of the rebellion the State of Missouri had the misfortune to have her 
entire State government, and a large portion of her American-born citizens either 
active sympathizers with the South or neutral in the contest. In some sections of 
the State nearly the entire population were loyal, in others almost entirely disloyal, 
and in others they were divided. 

For months previous Governor Claiborne F. Jackson and the State authorities had 
been collecting jjowder and lead and arms, and organizing the militia of the State, 
under the pretense of preserving the neutrality of the State, but really with the design 
of taking the State out of the Union. Everything seemed to favor their plans, and 
they would inevitably have succeeded had it not been for the foresight, boldness, 
and unswerving patriotism of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon. He penetrated their desigjis and 
took prompt measures to defeat them, and unquestionably saved Missouri. He found 
the people of St. Louis and the State divided in oiunion. While the State authorities 
were organizing the militia for treasonable purposes, he encouraged the formation of 



158 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Home Guards and other irregular forces, and by a few bold and decisive measures, 
such as the taking of Camp Jackson, completely destroyed and dispersed the open 
rebels and protected the public property and loyal citizens. At the time he had but 
a few hundred United States troops under his control, but with the aid of the irreg- 
ular troops that he created and organized he accomplished his purpose. If, therefore, 
it was an object to save Missouri and the consequent control of the city of St. Louis 
and the arsenal and the waters of the Upper Mississippi, and our vast Western ter- 
ritories, the credit is all due to the brave Lyon and his Home Guards. 

In every part of the State where there were Union men there was an organization 
of Home Guards'. If the Union sentiment was strong in the country or district, a 
regiment was raised. If less strong, a battalion or single company. These organiza- 
tions were called into service either by special authority from General Lyon, or under 
a general invitation to form Home Guards, issued by him. * When organized they 
reported to the commander of the department, and drew arms in whole or part. A 
large portion, however, were obliged, for want of arms, upon not being able to pro- 
cure them, to use their own private arms. In almost all cases they drew ammuni- 
tion and subsistence while in actual service. 

These organizations were kept up from one to six months, and in a few cases for a 
longer period of time. There are instances, particularly in southwest Missouri, where, 
after the retreat of the United States forces, in the summer and fall of 1861, the 
organizations were retained, and, by occupying passes in the mountains, the flag of 
the Union was kept up, while the country for many miles around them was occupied 
by General Price and the rebels under him. When these organizations were dis- 
banded, either by orders from the general commanding, or from other causes, it can 
be said to their credit, and as an evidence of their loyalty, that a large majority of 
the officers and men went into the regular volunteer service, and are now in the field 
under "Generals Grant and Rosecrans," fighting for the cause of the Government in 
the effort to put down this cursed and causeless Southern rebellion. 

This increased our difficulties and labors. In many cases there was neither muster- 
in nor muster-out rolls, and in other cases the authority for the organization and the 
rolls themselves were captured or destroyed by the rebels, and we doubt not there 
are companies that performed service whose claims have not been presented to us 
because of the absence of ofiicers and men in the field now in service, and who have 
no knowledge of the existence of the Commission. Previous to the outbreak, at the 
suggestion of General Lyon, and for their own protection, many of these companies 
organized and armed themselves and patrolled through their respective neighbor- 
hoods, watching the movements of the disaffected. After hostilities commenced 
other companies organized, drilled, and protected their own and neighbors' property 
and the peace of the country, but for such service we have allowed no compensation. 
We have only allowed where their existing organizations have been regularly ca]le<I 
out and actually served in the field under proper authority and in regular military 
capacity or service. Hence it will be seen that in a large majority of company claims 
we have only allowed part of the time claimed. We have sought to do j ustice 1 )etween 
the claimants and the Government, and not pay them for time spent in service for 
the protection of themselves and neighbors or in jireparing for active service. In 
other cases organized companies were called out by the proper authority for special 
services, and were then ordered home, and in a few weeks were called out again, and 
probably repeated. In these cases we have sought to ascertain the actual time they 
were in the field, and allowed them for such time. 

The same principle was applied to individual claims. We have sought only to pay 
for actual service. We have favored no claims for recruiting, for organizing, for 
doing camp duty in and a])out St. Louis or other cities, or for any other service, 
except it is in the strict line of the officer's duty and in which he necessarily devoted 
his whole time. 

There are numerous instances where claimants were apjiointed by the generals 
who have been in command in this department, and who have promised in good 
faith to recruit companies and regiments, but failed to obtain the minimum number 
required for a command, and the recruits have been assigned to other organizations 
and the officers discharged. 

In these cases we refuse to allow them pay for their time and expenses, for the 
reason that they have not rendered the actual military service contemplated by the 
law under Avhich we act. It may also be added that they accepted their appoint- 
ments with the understanding that they should raise the men required for the cona- 
mand they sought, and, if successful, a commission would follow; if they failed, 
they lost their time and expenses. Such, we understand, has been the practice in 
the Western States. In other cases claims have been presented by officers for serv- 

°^No record of this general authority has been found. 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 159 

ice rendered betVeen the time of appointment and the time of beincr mustered into 
the service of the United States. This class of claims were all rejected, in accordance 
with the practice of the State government, and agreeably to the instructions of the 
Solicitor of the War Department. We have been obliged, necessarily, to exercise 
discretion and adopt rules as regards the amounts to be allowed that are not known 
or recognized by Army Regulations. But in these cases we thought justice to the 
ser\-ice and the* claimant required some allowance should be made. The amount 
allowed is universally less than the amount named in the regulations. The cases 
alluded to are chiefly surgeons and chaplains. 

A large proportion of the companies claim that the services performed were as 
cavalrv, each man furnishing his own horse and horse eiiuipments, and therefore 
entitled to the usual pay and allowance for such service. With few exceptions we 
refused to allow such claims. It was in evidence before us that the service was 
either cavalrv or infantry, as the exigencies of the time required; that forage for the 
horses was furnished by Government when in actual service; and in the opinion that 
it was better for the owners to use their horses in the service, and thereby prevent 
them from being taken by the rebels — for this reason, mainly, we have allowed no 
pay for horses, only when it was proved clearly that the company was organized as 
cavalrv, and that "bv special authority from the general commanding having such 
authoritv. There have been many cases presented for subsistence, transportation, 
and other expenses attending this service, but the law under which we were acting, 
in our opinion, gave us no jurisdiction over such cases. 

The amounts are generallv small, and in the hands of loyal men who have suffered 
in the cause. We would, therefore, respectfully recommend that this class of cases be 
promptlv investigated and paid. It appeared upon investigation that two regiments 
from the State of Iowa, under the command of Colonels Morledge and Edwards, and 
one companv under Capt. W. C. Jones, were called out by proper authority, and 
did service in Missouri. That the legislature of Iowa made provisions for the pay- 
ment of the officers and men, and that part have been paid, and the balance are 
being paid upon presentation of their claims. Satisfactory evidence was produced 
of their service and that the claim was within our jurisdiction, but as the State of 
Iowa had partlv paid them and had assumed the payment of the balance, we did 
not enter them" upon our books, but gave the State officers a certificate of facts that 
will assist the State in settling the same with the War Department. 

No claims were presented from the State of Kansas, though we were advised that 
services were rendered by officers and men that would probably come within our 
jurisdiction. None were" presented, probably because of the absence of officers in 
active service in the field and the distracted condition of things in that State. 

Among other claims presented to us were some for services rendered as "spies 
and scouts," employed by the different commanders of the department. The serv- 
ices were performed" either by regularly organized companies, or bands, or by indi- 
viduals. We are satisfied that the services were performed, that they were valuable 
and dangerous, and should be paid; but in the absence of any rule of compensation 
established, either bv law or custom, or of a knowledge on our part of the prices 
nsuallv paid, we have inserted the names of the companies and individuals on our 
books," leaving the department to give the customary compensation to such persons 
for such services. 

By reference to our books the claim of Capt. J. M. Richardson's company will be 
found in volume 1, on jiage 112. 

That of Capt. Emory S. Foster's company will be found in volume 1, on page 96. 

That of Cicero A. Lewis in volume 1, page 53. 

That of Jenisha Page in volume 1, page 53. 

The paper annexed hereto, marked A," contains a statement of our expenditures, 
and are the vouchers for such pavments. 

Herewith is $1,983.80, the balance of the money placed in our hands to pay the 
expenses of the Commission. 

Hawkins Taylor, 
Chas. T. Shekmax, 
Francis T. Russell, 

Commissioners. 

I have cheerfully concurred in the findings of my associate commissioners so far as 
thev go, as giving "thus much to the early and worthy defenders of my State; but to 
the" brave and ruined men of the Southw-est and the Northwest, I deeply regret that 
a little more could not have been awarded. 

In the matter of pay for horses, too, I respectfully submit that I have steadfastly 

*Not here reproduced. 



160 MISSOUEI TROOPS UNION. 

differed with them. I take the ground that the law directing us to allow pay to 
officers, noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates, who have Ijeen hereto- 
fore actually employed in the military service of the United States, whether mustered 
into actual service or not, when their services were accepted and actually employed 
by the generals, etc., the same pay as in cases of regular enlistment authorized us to 
allow to private soldiers using their horses in a mounted service the army pay in 
such cases. 

The law in general is not limited to an infantry, cavalry, or artillery service, but 
embraces all, and if mounted men were accepted and used should be paid for as 
.such. 

The argument of risk to horses at home, and that they were put in the Army for 
safety and fed by the Government, is of no force if the Government really used 
them. And besides, if it is valid, it goes too far, and would on its own principle 
exclude thousands of the men, too, for to my certain knowledge thousands of exposed 
Union men in JNIissouri could not stay at their homes and went to the service for 
safety, at least in part, and were there both fed and clothed. ^lany poor Union men 
have ridden to death in this service and some of them had killed under them their 
only horse, and that, too, without pay per diem or a valuation. 

Of course we have no jurisdiction to award an allowance for the valuation of such 
horses. The enemy were well mounted, and against them infantry was mostly use- 
less, and the horses of these men w'ere needed, accepted, and hardly used by our 
Government, and I hold should be paid for. 

I also wish to call attention a little specially to the matter of transportation and 
supplies for these Home Guards, and to add my sincere regret that these matters 
were clearly outside our jurisdiction. 

It is shown on the rolls and by other good evidence that almost every company 
used from two to four wagons hauling for them in their campaigns, and necessarily 
so, and had them of the best of Union men. Some of these teams were lost and worn 
out by the chances and service of war, and should be paid for accordingly by the 
Government. 

The same is true of supplies for these troops, who, being deficient in ordinary 
army experience and of facilities for procuring them, and forced by want to have 
them, procured bacon, flour, groceries, horse feed and all necessaries at large from 
both farmers and merchants. Many of these were violent Union men, who thus 
upheld our cause with their own means when it could not he bought elsewhere, and 
did it for the sake of the cause, and did it, too, to prevent injury to our cause by 
violent seizures. 

I beg leave to be thus earnest on these points, because 1 myself only of the com- 
missioners have had opportunity for personal experience and observation in regard 
to them. The cases in both classes are mostly small claims, but numerous and held 
by needy persons, and are susceptible of plain and clear proof, and I earnestly insist 
should be early provided for and paid. 

F. T. Russell, Commissioner. 

Washington, September ^1, 1863. 

The Commission when in St. Louis neglected to state that proof was made to 
them that Colonel Epjjstein, of the Boonville Home Guards, advanced money and 
supplies to his otficers and men, with the agreement that the money so advanced by 
him should be deducted from their pay and paid to Colonel Eppstein when the 
Government made payment. 

In Volume No. 2, jiages 236-243, will be found his companies. There is a column 
in each showing the amount advanced to each officer and man. All these sums 
should be paid to Colonel Eppstein. 

Hawkins Taylor, 

Chairman, Commission. 

[Ibid.] 

By an act approved JaiutaiT 22, 1864, an appropriation was made 
to provide for the deficiency in the previous appropriation for the pav- 
ment of the claims adjudicated by the Commission, and, among- other 
things, it was provided that payment of the awards be made b}^ pay- 
masters of the United States Arm3\ Following is a cop}^ of the act: 

AN ACT to provide for the deficiency in the appropriation for the pay of officers and men actually 
employed in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That there be, and hereby is, appropriated out of any money 



HOME GUARDS, ISHl. 161 

in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated the sum of seven hundred thousand 
six hundred and twelve dollars and thirteen cents, or so nnich thereof as may be 
necessary, to carry into effect the act approved March twenty-fifth, eighteen liun- 
dred and sixty-two, to secure to the officers and men actually employed in the 
AVestern Department, or Department of Missouri, their pay, bounty, and pen- 
sion: Prorided, Itoircrer, That in the payment of the money hereby approi)riated 
such payment shall l)e made directly to the officers or soldiers by whom the services 
were rendered, or to their personal representatives, or to their agents appointed by 
powers of attorney; and no assignment of any sum due to any officer or soldier 
shall be valid; such payments to be made by paymasters of the United States Army: 
Provided farther, however, That any person holding a power of attorney authorizing 
the receipt by him of the amount to be paid to any officer or soldier may upon mak- 
ing and filing an affidavit to the effect that he is acting in the premises purely as 
agent without personal interest, and that he will pay over the amount received 
either to the soldier or (in his absence) to his wife or childen for their benefit, be 
entitled to receive such amount. 

Approved, January 22, 1864. 

[13 Stat. L., pp. 1, 2.] 

This act was amended by a joint resolution approved June 25, 1864, 
as follows: 

JOINT RESOLUTION amendatory of "An act to provide for the deficiency in the appropriation for 
tlie pay of officers and men actually employed in the Western Department, or Department of 

Missouri." 

Be it resolved hi/ the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That where any person or persons hohhng any power of 
attorney or assignment executed subsequent to August sixteenth, eighteen hundred 
and sixty-three, and prior to Januarj' twenty-second, eighteen hundred and sixty- 
four, for the sum adjudged chie to any officer or soldier by the commissioners 
appointed under joint resolution approved February sixteenth, eighteen hundred and 
sixty-three, shall have paid any money to any officer or soldier on the faith of such 
power of attorney or assignment, that the paymaster appointed to disburse the funds 
appropriated by the act approved January twenty-second, eighteen hundred and 
sixty-four, to provide for the deficiency in the appropriation for the pay of officers 
and men actually employed in the Western Department, or Department of Missouri, 
be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay to such person or persons the 
amount thus paid to any officer or soldier upon such attorney or assignee making and 
filing an affidavit to the effect that the amount was actually paid to said officer or 
soldier, and upon the paymaster being satisfied that the amount was actually paid; 
and the amount paid such attorney or assignee under this resolution shall be deducted 
from the amount due saiil officer or soldier, anything in any previous action of Con- 
gress to the contrary notwithstanding. 

Approved, June 2-5, 1864. 

[13 Stat. L., p. 410.] 

The sums awarded by the Commission were paid, as required hy the 
statute, by arnw paymasters (at St. Louis, Mo.), and the vouchers 
upon which payments were made are filed in the office of the Auditor 
for the War Department. 

In 1886 an act was passed b}' which the Secretary of War was au- 
thorized to furnish, upon application therefor, certificates of discharge 
to the memt)ers of the Missouri Home Guards whose claims for pay 
had been adjudicated by the Hawkins Taylor Commission. Following 
is a cop3^ of the act: 

AN ACT to authorize the Secretary of War to furnish certificates of discharge to certain members of 

the Missouri Home Guards. 

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assemhled. That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby, authorized and 
directed to furnish, upon their several applications therefor, a certificate of discharge 
to each and every member of the jNIissouri Home Guards whose claims for paj' were 

S. Doc. 112 11 



162 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNioisr. 

adjudicated by the Hawkins Taylor Conimissiion, under the act approved March 
twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the several acts supplementary 
thereto. 

Approved, INIay 15, 1886. 

[24 Stat. L., p. 23.] 

This act of Cong-ress has been construed as authorizino- the issue of 
discharge certilicates to the representatives of deceased members of 
Home Guard organizations who would themselves, if living, have been 
entitled to receive them. (R. & P., 74366.) 

The Missouri Home Guards of 1S61 ditfered from local organiza- 
tions generally in that they were organized under the authority of 
United States officials and were called into actual service, if at all, 
through the agency of the General Govermnent and not through the 
action of the State officials. In view of this fact, and of the recogni- 
tion given them l)y the act of ]March '2^>. lSf)2, it has been decided by 
the War Department, concurring in the opinion of the Judge- Advocate- 
General of the Arnn\ that the meml)ers of those organizations whose 
claims of service were recognized by the Hawkins Taylor Conmiission 
are to be regarded by this Department as having been in the military 
service of the United States and as having formed a part of the United 
States militarv establishment during the civil war. (K. & P., 
430378.) 

With regard to the records of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, a 
letter was addressed by this office to Hon. F. M. Cockrell, United 
States Senate, under date of December 18, 1900, and was published in 
Senate Doc. No. 56, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session. Following 
is a copv: 

Record and Pension Office, War Department, 

^Vash'mgtov City, December 18, 1900. 
Hon. F. M Cockrell, 

United States Senate. 

Dear Sir: In reply to your letter without date, received this morning, in which 
you request to be advised what records of the Hawkins Taylor Commission are on 
file in the War Department, and especially whether there is record of the proofs 
presented to the Commission showing length of actual service, also whether the rolls 
showing the names and services gave date.>^ of enrollment and expiration of term and 
the period of actual service less than the period between enrollment and expiration 
of service, I have the honor to advise you as follows: 

As you were advised in the letter addressed to you by this office unTier date of 
December o, 1900, relative to the case of J. P. Hopkins — 

" The records of the proceedings of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, or other 
retained records of the Conunission, are not filed in this Department, and nothing is 
known at this office relative to their wliereabouts, if they are in existence. The 
registers prepared by the Commission, filed in this office, contain the only known 
record of the Commission relative to individual service." 

The registers of the Commission show, in the case of each man whose claim for 
service was adjudicated by it, the "date of organization" of the command of which 
he was a member, and the date of his discharge, and in addition to this the period 
which the Commission "allowed as actual military service rendered the United 
States." It was frecjuently the case that the period allowed a man by the Commis- 
sion as actual military service rendered the United States was considerably less than 
the period that elapsed between the date of organization of his command and the 
date of his discharge. For instance, in the case of William Walton, or Yalton, Com- 
pany K, First Northeast Missouri Home Guards, referred to in your letter, the register 
of the Hawkins Taylor Commission shows June 17, 1861, a.i "date of organization," 
and October 1, 1861, as "date of discharge," but the register also shows that the 
period of two months and twenty-one days was "allowed as actual military service 
rendered the United States." The report furnished to the Pension Office in this case 
was exactly in accordance with that showing of the register. 



HOME GUARDS, 1861. 163 

It is well known that the men whos^e claims were adjudicated Ijy the Hawkins Tay- 
lor Commission did not render continuous military service from the date of organi- 
zation of their commands, or from the date of their enrollment therewith until the 
date of their discharge, and the purpose for which the Commission was created was 
chiefly that of ascertaining exactly how nmch military service was rendered by each 
of these men. This the Commission did, and its findings, as recorded in the regis- 
ters of the Commission, are the only known source of information with regard to the 
actual military service of any man whose claim was adjudicated Ijy the Commission. 
There is an inconsiderable number of rolls of these Home-Guard organizations on 
file in the Department, but they show nothing of importance more than dates of 
organization or enrollment, and dates of disbandment or discharge, just as the reg- 
isters of the Commission show similar extreme dates, and they afford no indication 
as to the amount of military service actually rendered between those dates. As 
stated above, the Commission was appointed for the purpose of ascertaining and 
stating the amount of such service, and the report of the Commission is now the 
only means of determining that amount in any case. 

What documentary evidence, if any, the Commission had before it is unknown, but 
it is inferred from the re^jort of the Commission that its findings were based to a 
great extent upon the oral testimony of claimants or their witnesses. At any rate, 
no records of the proceedings of the Commission are known to be in existence, and 
nothing is known as to the disposition made by it of any docnmentary evidence that 
may have been submitted to it. 

The report of the Connnission will be found printed in Senate Report, No. 214, 
Forty-eighth Congress, first session. This report embodies all the information 
known to this office with regard to the methods of procedure of the Commission. 
Very respectfully, 

F. C. AiNSWORTH, 

Chief, Record and Pension Office. 

It is now known that the rolls that were in the custody of the Haw- 
kins Taylor Commission were turned over to the adjutant-g-eneral of 
Missouri (Adjutant-Generars Report of 1863, p. S). and it has been 
ascertained that they are now on tile with the archives of the State. 
(R. & P., 651504.) 

The registers or records of claims kept by the Commission are 
filed in this office, and are the onh^ authentic records of service actu 
ally rendered. From these registers was prepared the schedule 
(accompanying this paper) of the organizations whose members were 
paid through the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Commission. This 
schedule is complete, and it can safely be assumed that organizations 
not mentioned therein were not of the class of Home Guards actively'" 
employed in the militarv service of the United States, for whose relief 
the act of March 25. 1862. and subsequent legislation was intended. 

According to a report of the adjutant-general of the State of Mis- 
souri, heretofore quoted in this paper, 10,000 stand of arms were 
placed in the hands of the Home Guards organized especially for their 
own protection; and according to the same authority there were prob- 
ably enough men in these Home-Guard organizations who furnished 
their own arms to make the membership of the local organizations 
upward of 15.000. But, as also stated by the same authority, "no 
accurate account can be given '' of this particular class of Home Guards, 
as "they accepted neither pay nor subsistence from the Government 
and made no reports to its authorities.'' No schedule of these local 
organizations, whose members were not recognized for pay by the 
Hawkins Taylor Commission, can therefore be prepared. 

The history of the Missouri Home Guard organizations of 1861 ma\^ 
be summarized as follows: 

(a) They were organized or recognized, if recognized at all, under 
the authority granted Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, June 11, 1861, to 



164 . M1880UKI TROOPS UNION. 

'•eulistin the service of the United States such lo^^al citizens of the 
State of Missouri" as he might think proper, who should "not receive 
pa}" except when called into active service," 

(b) Some of them had an organized existence prior to June 11, 
1861, but all were either organized or recognized b}^ Generals Lj^on 
and Fremont, or their subordinate commanders, if recognized at all, 
under the authority granted General Lyon on that date. 

(c) They were composed of two classes: (1) Those who were organ- 
ized for their own protection and the preservation of peace in their 
own neighborhoods, and were armed by the United States but were 
to receive neither pay, clothing, nor rations, and (2) those who were 
organized, armed, and equipped for more active local service, for which 
service it was understood they would have a valid claim for pay. 

(d) With the exception of the members of some two or three organ- 
izations which were mustered into the United States service and have 
been paid as United States troops, they were not formally mustered 
into the service of the United States. 

(e) Those who were "actually employed in the military service of 
the United States" ("called out or accepted by proper authority") 
have, through Congressional legislation, the action of the Hawkins 
Taylor Commission, and the rulings of the \Xrv Department, been 

g laced upon the same footing as voliuiteers in the service of the United 
tates with regard to pay, bounty, and pension; and they or their 
representatives have received, or are entitled to receive, certiticates of 
honorable discharge if there is nothing in their personal records to 
show a dishonorable termination of service. 

{/") Members of those organizations whose services were not recog- 
nized by the Hawkins Taylor Conmiission have no legal status as 
volunteers or militia in the service of the United States, or, by virtue 
of their membership in the Home Guard organizations, anv legal 
status as militia in the service of the State of Missouri. 

As stated in the report of the Hawkins Taylor Commission, quoted 
in this paper, "the number of claims tiled for services of companies was 
274," of which number 247 claims were " allowed." The records of the 
Commission filed in the War Department show that of the organiza- 
tions represented in the allowaiiees made 6 regiments and 22 battal- 
ions, aggregating 192 companies, and 49 independent companies, 
making a total of 241 companies, were Home-Guard organizations, the 
other 6 companies reported b}" the Conuuission (5 companies, as 
shown by the records, consisting of scouts, spies, and others) evidently 
not being of that class. The number of allowances to individual mem- 
bers of Home-Guard organizations was 19,173. 

The rolls of companies not represented in the allowances made by 
the Commission are not known to be in existence, and even the desig- 
nations of such companies are unknown to the War Department. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 



Under the title of ''Home Guards, 1861," it has been seen that soon 
after the beginning of hostilities in Missouri numerous bodies of 
citizens were organized, by authorit}" of the War Department, for home 
protection and local service, and that those on active dutj" were paid 
for their services, through the agencv of a commission appointed 
under authority of Congi-ess. These early organizations of Home 
Guards were disl>anded after a few months' service. 

Later in the progress of the war it was found expedient to form 
other companies of citizens for the protection of their homes and for 
local service in various localities and under divers conditions. A 
majority of these organizations, designated as ''Citizen Guards.*" 
were formed for protection against the aggressions of guerrilla 
bands. In some instances they were recognized as Enrolled Missouri 
Militia and paid by the State, and in a few cases the}^ have been paid 
under special legislation by Congress, but in a large number of cases 
no provision has ever been made for their payment, either by the 
State or the United States, the service having been rendered without 
promise or expectation of pay- 
On August 25, 1863, jSlajor-General Schotield, the commanding- 
general of the Department of the Missouri, and also a major-general 
of the State of Missouri, commanding, hj authority of the governor, 
all of the militia of the State, issuexi a general order in which he 
invoked the active cooperation of citizens in the extermination of 
guerrillas and directed that, to protect themselves from violence, and 
to aid the troops when necessary, all loyal and peaceable citizens be 
permitted to bear arms. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 86. J St. Louis, August 25, 1863. 

Large numbers of men are leaving the broken rebel armies in the Mississippi Val- 
ley and returning to IMissonri. ^lany of them, doubtless, come back with the pur- 
pose of following a career of plunder and murder under the form of guerrilla warfare, 
while others would gladly return to their homes as peaceable citizens if permitted 
to do so and protected from violence. 

The State is in danger of a repetition of the scenes of violence and bloodshed which 
characterized the months of July and August, 1862. The united efforts of all loj'al 
and peaceably disposed citizens, as well as of the troops of this department, will be 
required to avert this evil. 

It is the desire of the commanding general that all those who voluntarily abandon 
the rebel cause and desire to return to their allegiance to the United States shall be 
permitted to do so, under such restrictions as the public peace shall require. All 
such persons may surrender themselves and their arms at the nearest military post, 
and will be released upon taking the oath of allegiance and giving bond for their 
future good conduct. They will Ije required to reside in such portion of Missouri 
or other State as the provost-mai'shal who releases them shall direct. 

All who shall fail to comply with these conditions, and shall remain within our 
lines without renewing their allegiance, will be treated as criminals according to the 
laws of war. Those who shall engage in robbery, murder, or other similar crimes 
will be exterminated without mercy. 

Humanity demands of every citizen active and earnest cooperation with the mili- 
tary authorities in putting down these common enemies of mankind. The com- 

165 



166 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

manding general demands of every citizen the full discharge of his duty in this 
I'egard. Those who neglect it will be held responsible in their jiersons and property 
for the damage that maj' result from their neglect, and will be punished at the dis- 
cretion of a military commission. If milder means shall fail, the commanding general 
will order the destruction or seizure of all houses, barns, provisions, an<l other prop- 
erty belonging to disloyal persons in those portions of the State which are made the 
haunts of guerrillas. 

To enable them to protect themselves from violence, and to aid the troops when 
necessary, all loyal and peaceable citizens in Missouri will be permitted to bear arms. 
As far as practicable arms which have heretofore been taken from such citizens will 
be returned to them. 

By command of Major-General Schoheld: 

C. W. Marsh, 
Assistant^djutant- General. 

DISTRICT OF THE BORDER. 

On the date of the order quoted above, x\uoust 25, 1803, Brig*. Gen. 
Thomas Ewing, commanding the District of the Border, issued from 
his headquarters at Kansas City, Mo., a general order requiring all of 
the inhabitants of certain counties and districts to remove from their 
homes within fifteen days from the date of the order. This order 
reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters District op the Border, 

No. 11. I Kumas City, Mo., August S5, 1863. 

I. All persons living in Jackson, Cass, and Bates counties. Mo., and in that part 
of Vernon included in this district, except those living within one mile of the limits of 
Independence, Hickman Mills, Pleasant Hill, and Harrisonville, and except those in 
that part of Kaw Townshii), Jackson County, north of Brush Creek and west of the 
Big Blue, are hereby ordered to remove from their present places of residence within 
fifteen days from the date hereof. Those who, within that time, establish their loy- 
alty to the satisfaction of the commanding officer of the military station nearest their 
present jilaces of residence will receive from him certificates stating the fact of their 
loyalty, and the names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive 
such certificates will be permitted to remove to any military station in this district, 
or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern border of 
the State. All others shall remove out of this district. Officers commanding compa- 
nies and detachments serving in the counties named will see that this paragraph is 
promptly obeyed. 

II. All grain and hay in the field or under shelter in the district from which the 
inhabitants are required to remove within reach of military stations after the 9th day 
of September next will be taken to such stations and turned over to the proper offi- 
cers there, and report of the amount so turned over made to district headquarters, 
specifying the names of all loyal owners and the amount of such produce taken from 
them. All grain and hay found in such district after the 9th day of September next 
not convenient to such stations will l>e destroyed. 

******* 

By order of Brigadier-General Ewing: 

H. Hannahs, 
Actiii;/ Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
II, p. 473.] 

This order followed a few days after the burning of the town of 
Lawrence, Kans., and the massacre of its inhabitants by guerrilla bands 
from the border counties of Missouri. Concerning the conditions 
which prompted its issue General Ewing wrote: 

Headquarters District of the Border, 

Kansas City, Mo., August 31, 1863. 
Col. C. W. Marsh, 

Assistant Adjutant-General, Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. 
Sir: Some commanders of detachments engaged in the pursuit of Quantrill are still 
out after his scattered forces. In advance of their return I submit a report of the 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 



167 



raid, which, in some respects, may be deficient for want of official information from 
them. 

Three or four times this summer the guerrillas have assembled to the number of 
several hundred within twenty or thirty miles of the Kansas border. They have 
threatened, alternatelv, Lexington, Independence, Warrensburg, and Harrisonville, 
and frequent reports liave reached me from scouts and spies that they meant to sack 
and destroy Shawnee, Olathe, Paola, Mound City, and other towns in Kansas near 
the eastern border. 

* * * * * * * 

On the 25th instant I issued an order requiring all residents of the counties of 
Jackson, Cass, Bates, and that part of Vernon included in this district, except those 
within one mile of the limits of the military stations and the garrisoned towns, and 
those north of Brush Creek and west of Big Blue, to remove from their present 
places of residence within fifteen days from that date; those who prove their loyalty 
to be allowed to move out of the district (ir to any military station in it, or to any part 
of Kansas west of the border counties; all others to move out of the district. When 
the war broke out, the district to which this order applies was peopled by a commu- 
nity three-fourths of whom were intensely disloyal. The avowed loyalists have been 
driven from their farms long since, and their" houses and improvements generally 
destroyed. Thev are living in Kansas and at military stations in Missouri, unable 
to return to their homes. None remain on their farms but rebels and neutral fami- 
lies; and practically the condition of their tenui-e is that they shall feed, clothe, and 
shelter the guerrillas, furnish them information, and deceive or with hold information 
from us. The exceptions are few, perhaps twenty families in those parts of the 
counties to which the order applies. Two-thirds of those who left their families on 
the border and went to the rebel armies have returned. They dare not stay at home, 
and no matter what terms of amnesty may be granted, they can never live in the 
country except as brigands; and so long as their families and associates remain, they 
will stay until the last man is killed, to ravage every neighborhood of the border. 
With your approval, I was al)Out adopting, before this raid, measures for the removal 
of the families of the guerrillas and of known rebels, under which two-thirds of the 
families affected bv this order would have been compelled to go. That order would 
have been most difficult of execution, and not half so effectual as this. Though this 
measure mav seem too severe, I l)elieve it will prove not inhuman, but merciful, to 
the noncombatants affected by it. Those who prove their loyalty will find houses 
enough at the stations, and will not be allowed to suffer for want of food. Among 
them there are but few dissatisfied with the order, notwithstanding the present 
hardship it imposes. Among the Union refugees it is regarded as the best assurance 
they have ever had of a return to their homes and permanent peace there. To obtain 
the'full militarv advantages of this removal of the people, I have ordered the destruc- 
tion of all grain and hay, in shed or in the field, not near enough to military stations 
for removal there. I have also ordered from the towns occupied as mihtary stations 
a large numlDer of persons, either openly or secretly disloyal, to prevent the guerrillas 
getting information of the townsi)eoi>le which they will no longer be able to get of 
the farmers. The execution of these orders will possiljly lead to a still fiercer and 
more active struggle, requiring the best use of the additional troops the general com- 
manding has sent me, but will soon result, though with nmch unmerited loss and 
suffering, in putting an end to this savage border war. 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Thomas Ewixg, Jr., Brigadier- General. 

[Ibid., Vol. XXII, Part I, pp. 579-585.] 

On the same subject, Major- General Sehofield, commanding- the 
Department of the Missouri, stated in a letter to the Adjutant-General 

of the Army: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., September U, 1863. 

Col. E. D. TOWNSEXD, 

Amstant Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C. 

Colonel: I have the honor to forward herewith, for the information of the 
General in Chief, Brigadier-General Ewing's report of the burning of Lawrence, 
Kans., and massacre of its inhabitants, and of the operations of his troops in the 
pursuit and punishment of the rebels and assassins who committed the atrocious deed. 

Immediately after his return from the pursuit of Quantrill, on the 25th of August, 
General Ewing issued an order depopulating certain counties, and destroying all 
forage and subsistence therein. The reasons which led him to adopt this severe 
measure are given in his report. 

The' people of Kansas were, very naturally, intensely excited over the .destruction 



168 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

of one of their fairest towns, and the murder of a large number of its unarmed citi- 
zens, and many of them called loudly for vengeance, not only upon the perpetrators 
of the horrible crime, but also upon all the people residing in the western counties 
of Missouri, and who were assumed to be more or less guilt}' of aiding the criminals. 
It would be greatly unjust to the people of Kansas, in general, to say that they 
shared in this desire for indiscriminate vengeance; but there were not wanting 
unprincipled leaders to fan the flame of popular excitement and goad the people to 
madness, in the hope of thereby accomplishing their own selfish ends. 

On the 26th of August a mass meeting was held in the city of Leavenworth, at 
which it was resolved that the people should meet at Paola on the 8th of Septendjer, 
armed and supplied for a campaign of fifteen days, for the purpose of entering Mis- 
souri to search for their stolen property and retaliate upon the people of Missouri 
for the outrages committed in Kansas. This meeting was addressed Ijy some of the 
leading men of Kansas in the most violent and inflammatory manner, and the 
temper of these leaders and of their followers was such that there seemed to be great 
danger of an indiscriminate slaughter of the people in western Missouri, or of a col- 
lision with the troops, under General Ewing, in their efforts to prevent it. Under 
these circumstances, I determined to visit Kansas and western ^Missouri for the pur- 
pose of settling the difficulty, if possible, and also for the purpose of gaining more 
accurate information of the condition of the border counties of Missouri, and thus 
making myself able to judge of the wisdom and necessity of the severe measures 
which had been adopted by General Ewing. 

I arrived at Leavenworth City on the 2<1 of Septeml)er and obtained an interview 
with the governor of the 8tate and other prominent citizens. I found the governor 
and his supporters opposed to all unauthorized movement on the part of the people 
of Kansas, and willing to cooperate with me in restoring quiet and in providing for 
future security. I then sought and obtained an interview with the Hon. J. H. Lane, 
United States Senator, who was the recognized leader of those engaged in the Paola 
movement. Mr. Lane explained to me his vicAvs of the necessity, as he l^elieved, of 
making a large portion of western ^Missouri a desert waste, in order that Kansas 
might be secure against future invasion. He proposed to tender to the district com- 
mander the services of all the armed citizens of Kansas to aid in executing this 
policy. This, I informed him, was impossible; that whatever measures of this kind 
it might be necessary to adopt must be executed by United States troops; that irre- 
sponsible citizens could not be intrusted with the discharge of such duties. He then 
insisted that the people who might asseml)le at Paola should ])e permitted to enter 
Missouri "in search of Uieir stolen property," and desired to place them under my 
command, he (General Lane) pledging himself that they should strictly confine 
themselves to such search, abstaining entirely from all unlawful acts. General Lane 
professed entire confidence in his ability to control, absolutely, the enraged citizens 
who might volunteer in such enterprise. I assured Mr. Lane tliat nothing would 
afford me greater pleasure than to do all in my power to assist the outraged and 
despoiled people to recover their property, as well as to punish their despoilers; but 
that the sean;h proposed would be fruitless, because all the valuable property which 
had not already been recovered from those of the rol)bers who had been slain had 
been carried by the others far beyond the border counties, and that I had not the 
slightest faith in his ability to control a mass of people who might choose to assemble 
under a call which })roniised the finest possible opportunity for plunder. <Teneral 
Lane desired me to consider the matter fully, and inform liim as soon as possil)le of 
my decision, saying if I decided not to allow the people the "right" which they 
claimed, he would appeal to the President. It was not diflicult to discover that so 
absurd a proposition a,s that of INIr. Lane could not have been made in good faith, nor 
had I much difficulty in detecting the true object which was proposed to ])e accom- 
plished, which was to obtain, if possible, my consent to accept the services of all 
who might meet at Paola and take them into Missouri under my command, when I, 
of course, would be held responsible for the murder and robbery whit'h must neces- 
sarily ensue. 

I soon becan:!e satisfied that, notwithstanding Mr. Lane's assertion to the contrary, 
he had no thought of trying to cany out his scheme in opposition to my orders, and 
that the vast majority of the people of Kansas were entirely o])posed to any such 
movement. On the 4th of September I published an order, a copy of which is 
inclosed, prohibiting armed men, not in the military service, from passing from one 
State into the other, and sent a sufficient force along the State line to enforce the 
order against any Mho might be disposed to disobey it. The people quietly acqui- 
esced. The Paola meeting, which had promised to be of gigantic proportions, 
dwindled down to a few hundred people, who spent a rainy day in listening to 
speeches and passing resolutions relative to the Senator from Kansas and the com- 
mander of the Department of the Missouri. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 169 

Not the least of the objects of my visit to the border was to see for myself the 
condition of the border counties, and determine what nioditication, if any, ought to 
be made in the policy which General Ewing had adopted. I spent several days in 
visiting various points in the counties affected by General Ewing's order; and in con- 
versing with the people of all shades of politics who are most deeply affected by the 
measures adopted, 1 became fully satisfied that the order depopulating certain 
counties, with the exception of specified districts, was wise and necessary. That 
portion of the order which directed the destruction of property I did not approve, 
and it was modified accordingly. 

The evil which exists upon the border of Kansas and Missouri is somewhat dif- 
ferent in kind and far greater in degree than in other parts of Missouri. It is the 
old border hatred intensified by the rebellion and l)y the murders, robberies, and 
arson which have characterized the irregular warfare carried on during the early 
periods of the rebellion, not only by the rebels, but by our own troops and people. 
The effect of this has been to render it impo.ssible for any man who openly avowed 
and maintained his loyalty to the Government to live in the border counties of Mis- 
souri outside of military posts. A large majority of the people I'emaining were 
open rebels, while the remainder were compelled to abstain from any word or acts 
in opposition to the rebellion at the peril of their lives. All were practically enemies 
of the Government and friends of the rebel guerrillas. The latter found no diffi- 
culty in supplying their commissariat wherever they went, and, what was of vastly 
greater importance to them, they obtained prompt and accurate information of every 
movement of our troops, while no citizen was so bold as to give us information in 
regard to the guerrillas. In a country remarkably well adapted by nature for guer- 
rilla warfare, with all the inhabitants practically the friends of the guerrillas, it has 
been found impossible to rid the country of such enemies. At no time during the 
war have these counties been free from them. No remedy short of destroying the 
source of their great advantage over our troops could cure the evil. 

I did not approve of the destruction of property, at first contemplated by General 
Ewing, for two reasons, viz, I believe the end can be accomplished without it, and 
it can not be done in a reasonalile time so effectually as to very much embarrass the 
guerrillas. 

The country is full of hogs and cattle, running in the woods, and of potatoes in 
the ground and corn in the field, which can not be destroyed or moved in a reason- 
able time. 

I hope the time is not far distant when the loyal people can return in safety to 
their homes, and when those vacated by rebels will be purchased and settled by 
people who are willing to live in peace with their neighbors on both sides of the 
line. 

The measure which has Ijeen adopted seems a very harsh one; but, after the full- 
est exapiination and consideration of which I am capal^le, I am satisfied it is wise 
and humane. It was not adopted hastily, as a consequence of the Lawrence mas- 
sacre. The su1)ject had long been discussed between General Ewing and myself, and 
its necessity recognized as at least probable. I had determined to adopt the milder 
policy of removing all families known to be connected with or in sympathy with the 
guerrillas, and had commenced its execution before the raid upon Lawrence. The 
utter impossibility of deciding who were guilty and who innocent, and the great dan- 
ger of retaliation by the guerrillas upon those who should remain, were the chief 
reasons for adopting the present policy. In executing it a liberal test of loyalty is 
adopted. Persons wh<T ci;)me to the military posts and claim protection as loyal citi- 
zens are not turned away without perfectly satisfactory evidence of disloyalty. It is 
the first opportunity which those people have had since the war began of openly 
proclaiming their attachment to the Union without fear of rebel vengeance. 

* * * * * * * 

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Major-General. 

[Ibid., pp. 572-575.] 

On November 18. 1863. General Ewing. having- in contemplation the 
return to their homes of the loyal residents of the border counties, 
telegraphed Major-General Scholieldas follows: 

Kansas [City], November 18, 1863. 
Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, *S'/. Louis: 

I shall endeavor to get the settlements in neighborhoods where men can maintain 
military organizations. It is important to provide my [by] order for the organiza- 
tion of small companies to whom issues should be made of guns and pistols and cloth- 



170 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

ing. There will be about 300 of such reliable men in the three counties. Shall I 
provide in the order for such organization and issues? 

Thomas Ewing, Jr., Brigadier-General. 
[Book No. 407, Department of the Missouri, p. 164.] 

To this telegram General Scholiekl replied, also by telegraph, on the 
same date, authorizing- the organization of the border men into com- 
panies of convenient size, as proposed b}" General Ewing, stating that 
he would recognize them as militia in active service and authorize the 
issue of arms, clothing, and subsistence. Following is a cop}' of Gen- 
eral Schofield's telegram: 

November 18, 1863. 
Brigadier-General Ewing, Kansas City, Mo.: 

Organize the men who return to the border counties into companies of convenient 
size, as you propose. I will recognize them as militia in active service and authorize 
the issue of arms, clothing, and subsistence. I will send from here clothing for that 
specific purpose. 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Major- General. 

[Book No. 108, Department of the Missouri, p. 261.] 

On the 20th of November General Ewing issued a general order 
announcing the conditions under which former residents of the depopu- 
lated districts might return to their homes. This order provided, 
among other things, that all men permitted to return (loyal men only) 
should be organized, as far as practicable, into companies of "militia 
of the State in active service" for the protection of their homes against 
the attacks of guerrilla bands. Following is a copy of the order: 

General Orders, ) Headquarters District op the Border, 

No. 20. j Kansas City, Mo., Noeember 20, 1863. 

I. Loyal persons, formerly resident in that part of the district from which the 
inhabitants were required to remove by General Orders, No. 11, may obtain permits 
to return and safeguards for persons and ])roperty in the manner and on the terms 
herein prescribed. Applications for such permits and safeguards will be made to the 
officer commanding at one of the following stations nearest the aiiplicant's place of 
residence, to wit, Ayestport, Independence, Hickman Mills, Pleasant Hill, Harrison.- 
ville. Trading Post, and must be accompanied with satisfactory proof of the uniform 
loyal conduct and reputation of the applicants. When the ai)plicant is the head of 
a family, the permit or safeguard will name the applicant and the nonadult children 
of the family. Each adult of a family will make separate proofs and receive a sepa- 
rate permit and safeguard. The commanding oflicer of each of the stations named 
will keep a record of the names, ages, and places of residence of persons to whom 
such permits and safeguards are issued by him, and of the persons by whom their 
loyalty is shown, and also, in like manner, a record of persons to whom he refuses to 
issue such permits and safeguards. Transcripts of the record will be sent to these 
headquarters from time to time with the trimonthly reports. Such permits and safe- 
guards will be in the form hereinafter prescril)e<l. When proof is made in any case 
to the satisfaction of the station commander, he will fill up carefully the blanks in 
such form, and sign the permit and safeguard, and forward the same to these head- 
c^uarters for the approval of the general commanding. No such permit and safe- 
guard will be valid without such approval indorsed upon it. Save in exceptional 
instances, such permits will not be given at present to persons owning no lands or 
crops or having no sufficient means of support in the district named, nor to iDersons 
living in the timber more than three miles distant from any station, nor to persons 
having near relatives or connections in the rebel service. Where in their judgment 
such exceptions should be made, commanders of stations will send to these headquar- 
ters, in writing, the reasons for such exception. 

II. If any person in the military service of the ITnited States shall knowingly and 
willful]}' commit any act of injury to the person or property of any resident holding 
such safeguard, he shall be arrested and sent here for trial by court-martial for the 
offense of forcing a safeguard, which is one of the gravest in the Articles of War. If 
any person not in the military service of the United States shall knowingly and 
willfully conunit such act of injury, he shall be arrested and sent here for trial by 
military commission. When any person holding such safeguard or permit shall 



CITIZEN GUARDS. l7l 

willfully violate any one of the conditions on which it is given, such person shall be 
arrested and sent here by the nearest station commander for trial and punishment. 
In case the person so offending is a woman, and the head of a family, she shall be 
ordered out of the district by such commander, and failing to go, will be sent here 
with her family for removal. 

III. If any person or persons shall settle in the district named without such per- 
mission in writing being first regularly obtained, such person or jjersons will be 
notified by the nearest station commander to leave the district, and on failure to do 
so will be arrested and sent here for removal. 

IV. The requisite authority having been obtained, commanders of stations named 
above will cause all the men who are allowed to return to be organized, as far as 
practicable, in companies in the several neighborhoods. Each company will consist of 
not less than thirty men, living within convenient distanced of the place of rendez- 
vous, and arms, clothing, and rations will be issued to them. They will be received 
by the proper authorities as militia of the State in active service. The general com- 
manding attempts this early settlement of the depopulated district at the urgent 
solicitation of many loyal men, who are now willing to try to live again at their 
homes. He will aid them to the utmost with the troops under his command, and 
assure them that no rebel families will be allowed to return to entice back ancl sup- 
port the guerrillas. But, after all, the question whether the guerrillas can come 
back to i-esume their ravages, depends much upon the action of the loyal inhabitants 
themselves. They must return to their farms, not as noncombatants, but thoroughly 
armed and organized in each neighborhood. It is chiefly l)y such neighborhood 
08'ganization that they can hope to save themselves and their property, keep out the 
guerrillas, and insure a permanent and prosperous resettlement of the border. 

By order of Brigadier-General Ewing: 

H. Hannahs, 
Acting AssiMant Adjutant-General. 

(Here follows a form of permit and safeguard. ) 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXII, Part 
II, p. 713.] 

On the date of this order, November 20, 1863, a letter ^as addressed 
b}' General Ewing- to the military commanders at Harrison ville. West- 
port, Hickman Mills, Independence, Trading- Post, and Pleasant Hill, 
as follows: 

Headquarters District of the Border, 

Kansas City, Mo., November 30, 1863. 
Commanding Officer of . 

Sir: I inclose you a copy of Order Xo. 20, and forms of permits and safeguards. I 
want you to devote your most careful attention to the due execution of this order, as 
the success of the effort depends chiefly on the manner of its execution. 

Let no men of doubtful loyalty have permits. Give no permits under any circum- 
stances to women of bad character, though they be loyal. And, in fact, discourage 
the idea of women going to places remote from the station unless they have visible 
means of honest support. The great evil of the border was the multitude of lewd 
women infesting it heretofore and attracting the guerrillas. That evil must not be 
allowed to take root again. 

In doubtful cases throw the doubt against the applicant, so that all may under- 
stand distinctly that this step is for the loyal alone. 

If possible, get one or more companies organized to go out from the post and form 
a nucleus for resettlement. The more of such centers of settlement that can be 
established, the more prompt will he the resettlement of the country. The men so 
organized will be allowed all the time they can spare from the defense of their own 
settlement to plow and cultivate the farm on which they live. They will be fed, 
clothed, and armed (with pistols as well as rifled muskets) by the Government, and 
will be received by General Schofield as State militia in active service, which will 
entitle them to pay the same as other provisional companies. I rely chiefly on the 
organization of these companies for a successful resettlement of the border. 

Do not fail to let me hear from you whenever any question of interest arises on 
this subject. 

I am, very truly, yours, 

Thomas Ewing, 
Brigadier- General. 

[Book Xo. 400, Department of the Missouri, p. 282.] 



172 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

On the same date also, November 20, 1863, General Ewing wrote to 
General Schofield, requesting a supply of clothing. He said: 

Kansas [City], November 20, 1863. 
Major-Geiieral Schofield, iSY. Louis: 

Please have complete outfit of clothing for 350 border ^Missouri militia shijiped at 
once, invoiced to Capt. Theo. S. Case, district quartermaster, here. When will it 
be shipped? 

Thomas Ewing, Jr., 

Brigadier- General. 
[Book No. 407, Department of the Missouri, p. 166.] 

On the 2d of Decetnber General Ewing communicated bj' telegraph 
with department headquarters relative to the muster in of the border 
companies. Following is a copy of his telegram of that date: 

Kansas City, December f , 1863. 
Maj. O. D. Greene, 

Assistant Adjutant-General, Department of the Missouri, St. Louis, Mo.: 
By whom shall the border companies be mustered? Shall those who organized 
under my order No. 12, and have done service regularly, l)e mustered back to date of 
commencement of service? 

Thomas Ewing, Jr., 

Brigadier-General. 
[Ibid., p. 169.] 

To this telegram a reply was sent by direction of General Schofield 
under date of December 3, 1863, as follows: 

December 3, 1863. 
General Ewing, Kansas City, Mo.: 

The general commanding dii-ects that the border companies be mustered by your 
assistant commissary of musters. All will be mustered to cover their actual service. 
• O. D. Greene, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Book No. 108, Department of the Missouri, p. 279.] 

It is here to be remarked that General Ewing's order No. 12, referred 
to in his telegram of December 2, has not been discovered, but on 
September 2-1, 1863, an order was issued by the commanding officer of 
the post of Kansas City, ^ ^ in pursuance of General Orders, No. 12, 
dated headquarters District of the Border," directing the organiza- 
tion of the loyal citizens of the post into companies ''for the defense 
of the station."' Following is a cop}^ of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Post, 

No. 3. j Kansas City, Mo., September 24, 1863. 

I. In pursuance of General Orders, No. 12, dated headquarters District of the Bor- 
der, the loyal citizens of this military post will be organized into companies, drilled 
and armed for the defense of the station. 

II. The loyal citizens of this station are called upon to organize themselves into 
companies of not less than 40 nor more than 100 men, elect their officers, and report 
to these headquarters, when they will be armed and equipped ready for service. 

III. It is not the intention of the commanding officer of this station to use the 
troops thus organized for active service except in case of emergency, and then only 
for the defense of the station. 

IV. The commanding officer of this station trusts that the citizens will see the 
importance and necessity of this organization, and that they will respond to the call, 
and by so doing avoid the necessity of more stringent measures to enforce this order. 

By order of H. H. Williams, major Tenth Kansas Volunteers, commanding post: 

I. M. EUTH, 

Lieutenant and Post Adjutant. 
[Book No. 942, Department of the Missouri.] 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 173 

The border companies were as follows: 

Ilarriwnv die Companies. 

Capt. Alexander Robinson's eompan}-: This company was accepted 
into service December 24, 1S(J8, at Harrisonville, Mo., under authority 
of Major-General Schotield, dated November 18, 1863, quoted above, 
as a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The records, however, 
show that it was ordered into active service September 14, 1863, and 
continued in active service until March 12, 1865, when it was relieved 
from duty. It was recognized by the State of Missouri as an inde- 
pendent company of Cass County Enrolled Missouri Militia, and was 
paid by the State. A majorit}' of its members were over the military 
age and were mustered "only to secure for them the pay for services 
rendered.'"' 

Capt. Elias P. West's company: This company was accepted into 
service DecemVjer 25, 1863, at Harrisonville, Mo., under authority of 
Major-General Schotield, dated November 18, 1863, quoted above, as 
a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The records, however, show 
that it was ordered into active service September 14, 1863, and con- 
tinued in active service until November 18, 1864, when it was relieved 
from duty. It was recognized bv the State of Missouri as Company 
K, Seventy-seventh Enrolled Missouri Militia, and was paid by the 
State. A majority of its members were over the military age and 
were mustered "only to secure for them the pay for services rendered." 

Hlckinan MUh Compariies. 

First Lieut. Jacob Axline's company: This company was organized 
December 25, 1863, at Hickman Mills, Mo., under authority granted 
by General Schotield to General Ewing, November ^ 8, 1863, quoted 
above. It was accepted into service January 1, 1864, as a company 
of Enrolled Missouri Militia. A large percentage of the men were 
over the military age and were mustered "only to secure for them 
the pay for services rendered." It was relieved from duty ]Vlarch 
25, 1864. Although mustered in as an Enrolled Militia company, it 
was not recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization 
and was not paid by the State, hut was paid 1)}^ the United States 
under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to.'' 

Capt. David Tate's Company of Mounted Men: This company was 
organized April 9, 1864, at Hickman Mills, Mo., ordered into active 
service on the same date, and was relieved from duty March 12, 1865. 
No specitic authority for its organization has been discovered. It 
was not recognized by the State authoritie-^ as a militia organization 
and was not paid l)v the State, but was paid b}' the United States 
under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to." 

Independence Comjxinles. 

Company A, Independence Home Guard, Enrolled Missouri Militia, 
commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter: This company was organized 
August 14, 1863, at Independence, Mo,, was ordered into active service 
August 17, 1863, at the place of organization, by General Thomas 
Ewing, and was relieved from duty February 17, 1864, by the same 

»See p. 177. 



174 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

officer. This company performed guard and picket duty during the 
period of its service and was paid by the State of Missouri as a militia 
organization. 

Company A, Independence Citizen Home Guards: This company 
was organized June 11, 1861, at Independence, Mo., ordered into 
active service June 11, 1861, and was relieved from duty December 11, 
1861. During the period of its service it performed guard and picket 
duty and some scouting during- the period of ''Price's raid." It was 
commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter. but its personnel is different from 
that of the oTiginal companv commanded by that officer. It was ])aid 
by the State of Missouri as Missouri militia. 

Company B. Citizen Home Guards, Missouri Militia, commanded 
by Capt. Francis Little: This company was organized August 17, 
1863, at Independence, Mo., was ordered into active service on the 
same date, and was relieved from duty February 17, 1861, by order of 
General Ewing. During the period of its service it performed guard 
and picket duty at Independence. Mo. It was paid by the State of 
Missouri as a militia organization. 

First Lieut. William N. O. Monroe's company' (also known as 
Wayne City Independent Company): This company was accepted 
into service January 15. 1861, at Kansas City, Mo., under authority 
of Major-dreneral Schotield, dated November 18, 1863, quoted above, 
as a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The records, however, 
show that it was ordered into active service December 23, 1863, and 
continued in active service until December 11, 1861, when it was 
relieved from duty. It was paid by the State of Missouri as a militia 
organization. 

Juinsas City Station Guards. 

Company A (Independent). Kansas City Station Guards, commanded 
by Capt. Caleb A. Carpenter: This company was organized October 3, 
1863, at' Kansas City, Mo., under the provisions of General Orders, 
No. 3, headquarters Post of Kansas City, dated September 21, 1863, 
quoted above. It was ordered into active service on the date of its 
organization and was relieved from dut}' July 9, 1861. As will be seen 
from the text of the order the company was organized "for the 
defense of the station." It was not recognized by the State authori- 
ties as a militia organization and was not paid by the State, but 
was paid by the United States under special legislation of Congress, 
hereafter to be referred to.*" 

Company A, Kansas Cit_y Station Guards, commanded l)y Capt. 
Caleb A. Carpenter: This company was organized September 1, 1861, 
at Kansas City, Mo., ordered into active service on the same date and 
relieved from duty March 12, 1865. It was not recognized by the 
State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid by the 
State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of 
Congress, hereafter to be referred to.'' 

Company B, Kansas City Station Guards, Missouri State Militia, 
commanded ]>y Capt. James Hickman: This company was organized 
October 3, 18613, at Kansas City, Mo., by authority of General Ewing, 
and apparent!}^ under the provisions of General Orders, No. 3, head- 
quarters Post of Kansas City, September 21, 1863, before referred to. 
It was ordered into active service on the date of its organization and 
was relieved from duty July 9. 1861. It was not recognized by the 

*See p. 177. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 175 

State authorities as a militia organization and was not paid b}' the 
State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of 
Congress, hereafter to be referred to." 

Company B, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. 
Rufus Montgall: This company was organized August 9, 1864, at 
Kansas City, Mo., by authority of General Scholield, and was on active 
duty from the date of its organization to March 12, 1865. It was not 
recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was 
not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special 
legislation of Congress, hereafter to "be referred to.'' 

Company C, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. Jesse 
P. Alexancler: This compjiny was organized October 10, 1863, pursuant 
to General Orders, No. 8, headquarters Post of Kansas City, Septem- 
ber 24, 1863, l)efore referred to, was ordered into active service on 
the date of its organization, and was relieved from duty July 9, 1864. 
It was again ordered into active service September 1, 1864, and con- 
tinued on active duty until March 12, 1865. when it was relieved. It 
was not recognized ]jy the State authorities as a militia organization 
and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States 
under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to.'' 

Company D. Kansas City Station Guai-ds, conmianded by First 
Lieut. William J. Gault: This company was organized October 3, 
1863, at Kansas City, Mo., ''under a general order from Maj. Gen. 
John M. Schoti eld. United States Volunteers" (evidently under the 
provisions of General Orders, No. 3, headquarters Post of Kansas 
City. September 24. 1863, ])efore referred to), was ordered into active 
service on the date of its organization and was relieved from duty 
July 9, 1864. It was not recognized by the State authorities as a 
militia organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by 
the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to 
be referred to." 

Company D, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. B. F. 
Newgent: This company (or ''detachment,'' as it is designated in 
the pay roll) was organized March 10. 1864, at Kansas Cit3% Mo., 
ordered into active service on the same date, and relieved from duty 
March 12, 1865. No specilic authority for its organization has been 
discovered, but it was evidently formed under the general authority 
given to General Ewing to organize companies of citizen guards for 
local service. It was not recognized by the State authorities as a 
militia organization and was not paid bv the State, but was paid by 
the United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to 
be referred to." 

Company D, Kansas City Station Guards, commanded by Capt. B. L. 
Riggins: This company was organized (or reorganized, as stated in the 
roll) June 12, 1864, at Kansas City, Mo., was ordered into active serv- 
ice June 13, 1864. and was relieved from duty November 15. 1864. 
During the period of its service it performed guard duty at Kansas 
City and was employed in ''digging trenches and throwing up breast- 
works preparing against an anticipated attack b}' Price's army." It 
was not recognized" by the State authorities as a militia organization 
and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States 
under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to.^ 

Company E, Kansas City Station Guards, connuanded l)v Capt Wil- 
liam O. Shouse: This company was organized June 13, 1864, at Kan- 

=' See p. 177. 



176 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

sa.s City, Mo., was ordered into active service on the .same date, and 
was relieved from duty November 1(5, ISBi. No specitic authority for 
its organization has l)een discovered, but it was evidently formed 
under the general authority given to General Ewing to organize com- 
panies of citizen guards for local service. It was "on constant duty 
during Price's raid protecting commissary stores, etc." It was not 
recognized by the State authorities as a militia organization and was 
not paid by the State, but was paid by the United States under special 
legislation of Congress, hereafter to be referred to.'' 

Company E, Militia, of the Kansas City Guards, commanded by 
Capt. Peter Causey: This companv was organized June 13, 1864, at 
Kansas City, Mo., "in pursuance of general orders, dated head- 
quarters Fourth Subdistrict, District of Central Missouri, Kansas 
City, Mo., June 12, ISB-t." No original record of this order has been 
discovered, but the quotation on the roll reads as follows: 

Those citizens who have not already enrolled themselves in either the Enrolled 
Missouri Militia, Captain Carpenter's or Captain Hickman's company, will immedi- 
ately proceed to organize themselves into companies of 100, electing their own offi- 
cers, and report to these headquarters in twenty-four hours. 

This company was "on constant dut}^ as picket and station guard 
from 13th day of June, 1864. to 15th day of November, 1S64, and 
during the time of Price's raid in the month of October, 1864, the 
entire company was constantly engaged on fortifications." It was 
relieved from dut^^ November 15, 1864. It was not recognized by the 
State authoritie.-? as a militia organization and was not paid by the 
State, but was paid by the United States under special legislation of 
Congress, hereafter to be referred to.'' 

PIcamnt IT'iJl Comjxmy, 

Pleasant Hill Compan}-, commanded by Capt. Andrew Allen: This 
company was accepted into service December 25, 1863, at Pleasant 
Hill, Mo., under authority of General Schoheld. dated November 18, 

1863, quoted above, as a company of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The 
records, however, show that it was ordered into active service Sep- 
tember 18, 1863. and continued in active .service until November 18, 

1864, when it was relieved from duty. It was recognized by the State 
of Mis.souri as Compain^ I, Sevent3'-seventh Enrolled Missouri Militia, 
and was paid by the State. A large percentage of its members were 
over the military age, and were mustered '' onh" to secure for them the 
pay for services rendered." 

Wt'sfjxii't PnJlcc Guard. 

Capt. William A. Be vis's compan}-: This company was organized 
October 9, 1863, at Westport, Mo.; was ordered into active service on 
the same date, and was relieved from duty July 9, 1864. It was again 
ordered into active .service September 1, 1864, and relieved from duty 
March 12, 1865. No specific authority for the organization of this 
company has been discovered. I)ut it was evidently organized under 
General Swing's General Orders, No. 12, which has not been found 
of record. It was not recognized bv the State authorities as a militia 
organization and was not paid by the State, but was paid by the 
United States under special legislation of Congress, hereafter to be 
referred to." 

"See p. 177. 



CITIZEN GUAKDS. 177 

The muster-in rolls of live of the companies whose histories are 
given above, viz. those commanded by Capts. Alexander Robinson, 
Elias P. West, and Andrew Allen, and Lieuts. Jacob Axline and Wil- 
liam N. O. Monroe. i)idicate that it was the intention of the mustering 
offit-er, who was a United States mustering- officer, to muster the com- 
panies, which were designated as Enrolled INIissouri Militia, into the 
service of the United States. It will be observed, however, that the 
authorit}^ given by Major-General Scholield (November 18, 1863) for 
their organization contemplated their recognition as ''militia in active 
service,*'' and that it was General Schohekrs intention to so recognize 
them is shown by a certihcate given by him in 187U, when the question 
of the pavment of some of the companies organized by General Ewing 
was pending in Congress, This certificate reads as follows: 

Fort Leavenworth, Kaxs., May ^8, 1870. 

I hereby certify that the organization known as the "Kansas City Station Guards," 
called into service in the year 1863 by General Thomas Ewing, jr. , under authoritj' given 
him by me, and all other companies of Missouri militia called into service at the 
same time and under the same authority, were intended to be placed upon the same 
footing as to pay and allowances as other militia in active service. 

The authority was given by me not only as major-general. United States Army, 
commanding the Department of the Missouri, but as major-general of the State of 
Missouri, conunanding, by the governor's authority, all the militia of the State, 
with full power to call into active service such portion of the militia as 1 might think 
expedient. 

Authority had l)een given by the National Government to arm, clothe, and feed 
guch troops; but no provision of law had yet been made for their payment. Hence 
pay was not promised them at the time of their organization. The same was true 
of the enrolled militia generally. The organization above named has, in my opinion, 
the same title to pay, and from the same source, as other enrolled militia when in 
active service. 

J. M. ScHOFiELD, Major-Genercd. 

[E 116, V. S., 1869.] 

Consistentlv wdth the record and the views expressed by General 
Scholield in the foregoing certilicate, it was decided bv the Assistant 
Secretar}' of War, in 181:>5, that the companies designated above by 
the names of their commanding officers were not in the military serv- 
ice of the United States, the action of the mustering officer evidently 
having been "'a mistake on his part," and certainly, if intended to 
muster the companies into the United States service, was without 
authority, and therefore void. (R. & P., 886101.) It is now seen 
that all of these companies, with the single exception of the company 
commanded by Lieutenant Axline, were recognized and paid b}- the 
State as Enrolled Missouri Militia. 

By an act of Congress approved April 12, 1871, the " Westport 
Police Guards," "Hickman Mills Company," and the ''Kansas City 
Station Guards," were placed on the same footing as to pay and allow- 
ances as volunteers in the service of the United States. This act of 
Congress is in terms as follows: 

Be it enacted Jxj the Senate and House of Representatives of the Lidted States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the military organizations known as the " Westport Police 
Guards," "Hickman Mills Company," and companies A, B, C, D, and E, of the 
" Kansas City Station Guards," having been called into the service of the United 
States, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-three, in the District of the Border, 
Department of the Missouri, under authority derived from Maj. Gen. John M. Scho- 
field, United States Army, be, and they are hereby, placed on the same footing as 
to pay and allowances as volunteers in the service of the United States. 

Sec. 2. That it shall be the duty of the proper accounting officers of the Treasury 
Department to adjust the accounts of all members of the above-described organiza- 

S. Doc. -112 12 



178 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. ' 

tions, and, on piesentation of properly authenticated rolls, showing the names of all 
officers and men belonging to such organizations and the term of service of each, and 
of such other evidence as may be required to fully prove such service, the said 
accounting officers shall pay the accounts out of any money in the Treasury not 
otherwise appropriated: Frorkled, however. That this act shall not be so construed as 
to entitle the members of said military organizations to bounty or pensions under 
any law of the United States. 

Approved, April 12, 1871. 

[17 Stat. L., p. 641.] 

It will be observed that this act specitically provides that it shall not 
be so construed as to entitle the members of the organizations referred 
to to bounty or pension. 

As regards the companies for whose relief the legislation of April^ 
1871, was enacted, a former adjutant-general of the State said in an 
affidavit dated January 3, 1870: 

State of Missouri, County of St. Louis: 

John B. Gray, of St. Louis, Mo., who, being duly sworn according to law, deposes 
and says: That he was State adjutant-general of the State of Missouri during the 
years of 1863, 1864, and part of the year 1865. That the companies of troops called 
the " Kansas City Station Guards " and "Hickman Mills Company," and the "West- 
port Police Guards," organized by General Thos. Ewing, Jr., United States Army, in 
October, 1863, were not formed under authority of the State of Missouri, and made 
no returns to the headquarters of the State of Missouri. That the organizations 
aforesaid were created and supported by the United States and were not subject to 
orders of State officers. Deponent further states that in the reimbursement made 
by the United States to the State of Missouri by the operations of the act of Congress 
of April 17, 1866, for moneys expended by the State of Missouri in support of her 
militia during the war, the payment for the services rendered by the companies 
aforesaid was not included, said companies never having been paid anything by the 
State of Missouri, for the reason that they were not considered as State troops, as 
heretofore stated; and deponent further states that he acted as agent for the State of 
Missouri in the matter of her reimbursement, presenting all of the claims to the com- 
mission appointed under the act aforesaid, as well as to the United States Treasury, 
and that he is personally knowing to the facts stated, and further deponent says not. 

John B. Gray. 

Sworn and subscribed to before me this 3d day of January, A. D. 1870, at St. 
Louis, Mo. 

G. D. O. Kellman, 
Notary Public, St. Louis County, Mo. 
[E116, V. S., 1869.] 

It will be seen from the foregoing that the companies of Citizen 
Guards formed in the District of the Border were organized for then- 
own protection, or for purely local service, and that they were either 
recognized and paid by the State as Enrolled Missouri Militia, or have 
been paid by the United States, under special legislation authorizing 
it, for the time they were in active service. They were not in the 
military service of the United States, either as volunteers or as State 
militia. 

As shown in this paper there were twenty companies of Citizen 
Guards organized in the District of the Border. These are all of which 
a record has been discovered. 

DISTRICT OF SOUTHWEST MISSOURI. 

Under date of September 13, 1863, an order was issued by Brig. 
Gen. John McNeil, United States Volunteers, commanding the District 
of Southwest Missouri, in which he authorized the loyal citizens of 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 179 

the district lo associiite themselves together for the defense of their 
homes and families "'ao-ainst the lawless invasion of guerrillas, or the 
depredations of bushwhackers and horse thieves." Following is a copy 
of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquautkus District of Southwest Missouri, 

Xo. 34. i Springfield, Mo., September 13, 1863. 

I. All loyal citizens of this district ai)plying to these headquarters to carry arms in 
their own defense, or to associate with their loyal neighbors for the defense of their 
homes and their families against the lawless ilivasion of guerrillas, or the depreda- 
tions of bushwhackers and horse thieves, can have a permit for that ))urpose on the 
certificate of any properly appointed provost-marshal nearest their place of abode 
certifving to their loyalty. 

II. "These certificates of loyalty will only be issued to those who have been actively 
loyal during all the time of this rebellion; and to be loyal at these headquarters 
means to have l)een an active and sympathetic supporter of the Government of the 
United States in all its measures to suppress this rebellion. The citizen who has 
chosen the position of neutrality, and who claims or has claimed to have "done 
nothing on nary side," is not loyal and will not be trusted with arms. 

III. When the inhabitants of neighborhoods associate under this order they will 
select from their fellows a responsible citizen as captain, and such other officers aa 
may be necessary for a proper organization. A roster of the officers and a roll of the 
meinbers will be furnished to the district provost-marshal at Springfield, Mo., imme- 
diatelv after their associating forthe purpose indicated. 

IV." These associations being expressly authorized for the defense and protection 
of persons and neighborhoods from lawless violence in the absence of legally author- 
ized force, it is distinctly announced that they will not be allowed to set on foot any 
military expedition or enterprise, or to make prize of war for their own profit or 
advantage. If assailed they must repel, pursue, and, if possible, destroy the assailing 
foe. If justly apprehensive of assault they can anticipate such assault by attack, and 
do all such acts as would be justified in times of peace in protecting themselves 
against lawless depredators. All such expeditions and their results will be reported 
to these headquarters, and all property seized will be turned over to the district 
provost-marshal. 

V. Violation of the above orders will subject the parties found guilty to be treated 
as bushwhackers, and it is to be distinctly understood that in issuing this order the 
district commander has alone in view the protection of the loyal and peaceful citi- 
zens, and will, with all the power in his control, punish and repress lawless violence 
and brigandism. 

By order of Brig. Gen. John McNeil: 

[C. G. Laurant,] 
• Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Book No. 607, Department of the Missouri, p. 38.] 

Under authority of this order a company or detachment commanded 
Dv Capt. T. J. Stemons, consisting of three officers and fourteen men, 
was organized February 27, 1864, in Jasper County. It is evident from 
the orcler that the detachment was organized solely for home defense. 
It svas not recognized or paid by the State of Missouri as a militia 
organization, nor was it accepted into the service of the United States. 
No record has been found that it rendered any service, either to the 
State or the United States. 

It is possible that other organizations were formed under the pro- 
visions of General Orders, No. 31, but no record of any such addi- 
tional organizations has been discovered. 

DISTRICT OF CENTRAL MISSOURI. 

un March 10, 1864, Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown, United States Volun- 
teers, commanding the District of Central Missouri, authorized the 
organization of the loyal citizens of his district into companies "to 



180 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION, 

assist in the establishment of law and order"' and "for local defense 
and police." This was done in an order of which the followino- is a 
copy: 

vJENERAL Orders, ) HEAD'iUARTERS District of Central Missouri, 

No. 12. i Warrensharg, Mo., March 10, 1864. 

The protection of the citizens of the country from the acts of bad men demands 
tnat every person should be required to assist in the reestablishment of law and 
order, and that this may be the more effectually done, all male citizens capable of 
handling? a gun who are known to be reliable, honest men, and wh<:) will support and 
defend the Government of the United States, will l)e organized into companies for 
local defense and police. Commanding f)fHcers of the Second and Third Subdistricts 
w^ill detail competent othcers with sutiicient force, to whom will be assigned the 
duty of enrolling the citizens, and who will be stationed at central points in the 
vicinity of which there are a sufficient number of inhabitants to form companies. 

As soon as the lists of names, with those of the officers selected, are made they will 
ue forwarded to these headquarters, and the requisite arms and anununition will be 
furnished. When the companies are organized and armed, one-tenth of the whole 
n umber will be detailed by the commanding officers for j)atrol and guard duty. This 
duty will be confined to the precincts within which the companies are organized, 
and the details may be changed every three days, so that the whole company will 
be on duty once in a month's time. 

The detail will be increased when, in the opinion of the company commander, 
the pul)lic good demands it. In case of danger the alarm will be given and every 
man will be put under arms. Commanding officers of companies will give timely 
notice of the number of the detail for patrol duty, so that the necessary arrangements 
can be made to promptly comply with them, and do as little injury to private inter- 
ests as possible. The officers will be elected in the same manner as is required by 
law for the organization of the Enrolled ^lissouri State Militia. ]Maj. M. Chapman, 
acting assistant adjutant-general Fifth INIilitary District, will have special charge of 
the arming of this irregular force in La P^ayette, Johnson, and Saline counties. As 
soon as the enrollment and organization of the I-CnroUed ^Missouri Militia is perfected, 
the companies on duty in obeilience to this order will l^e relieved by companies of 
Enrolled Missouri Militia. 

By order of Brigadier-General Brown: 

J. H. Steger, 
Amatmif Adjutunt- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXXIV, 
Part II, p. 568.] 

With reg'ard to the necessit}' for this organization, General Brown 
wrote to department headquarters, March 13, 1864, as follows: 

Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

Warrensbiirg, Mo., March 13, 1864- 
Maj. O. D. Greene, 

AHsistant Adjutant- General, St. Louis, Mo. 
Ma.ior: I have the honor to transmit, for the information of the major-general 
commanding. General Orders, No. 12, from these headquarters, requiring the citizens 
to organize companies for local police duty. The few guerrillas and bandits in the 
country are in ]>ai-ties of from two to fifteen; though active scouts on foot in the brush 
and mounted in the more open country have killed several of them in the past twenty 
days, and will eventually clear the country of them, yet it fails to inspire ccjnfidence 
and self-reliance in the peojile, and it is deemed best to form these organizations 
immediately. The enrollment of the Enrolled Missouri Militia would be sufficient 
in the populous districts if it was or could he completed soon enough to meet the 
present emergency, but this would fail to afford the necessary protection in the more 
sparsely settled districts, as the majority of able-bodied citizens who are liable to 
military duty have entered one of the armies, while the exempts, with those who 
would pay, not tight, would leave few or none for military service. These reasons 
will explain why I have thought it was necessary to make a general organization of 
the citizens of the district before the militia enrollment was completed. There is 
this olijection to a volunteer organization: The people fear the vengeance of the 
bushwhackers, and say they would be exposed to being made victims if they join in 
an attempt to drive them out; and in many localities no combined action could Ije 



CITIZElSr GUARDS. 181 

had unless it is compelled by military orders. So far as I can learn the order meets 
with general approval with the people, and in some cases similar organizations have 
been concurred in by the general commanding. 
I am, very truly, your obedient servant, 

E. B. Brown, 
Br'tqadier-Genend of VolanteerH, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 589.] 

On March 30, 1861:, General Brown issued a supplementary order in 
which, among- other things, he announced that the organizations of 
citizens authorized Ijy General Orders, No. 12, would be known as 
Citizen Guards, and that as they were intended simply as a ''citizen 
patrol, for the protection of themselves and their homes," no claim 
against the Government could arise on accoiuit of their services. Fol- 
lowing is a copy of this supplementary order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

No. 19. J Warremburg, Mo., March 30, 1864. 

I. The organization of citizens, as directed in General Orders, No. 12, current 
series, from these headquarters, will be known as Citizen Guards. 

II. Im;nediately upon the organization of a company and the election of officers, 
the commander thereof will report by letter to the conunanding officer of the sub- 
district in which the company is organized, in order that the organization and elec- 
tion of officers may be confirmed. 

III. The reports will state the number and kind of arms then in the possession 
of the company, and will be accompanied by requisitions for sufficient arms and 
ammunition to supply those who require them. 

IV. All members of the Citizen Guards will be furnished by the district provost- 
marshal, on the a])proval of the subdistrict commander, with permits allowing them 
to keep at their residence the requisite arms and ammunition. 

V. As the organization is intended simply as a citizen patrol, for the protection of 
themselves and their homes, no claim against the Government can arise from services 
thus rendered. 

YI. It is earnestly enjoined upon all officers charged with the organization of this 
force to admit of no person of doubtful loyalty or honesty becoming a member 
thereof. 

By order of Brigadier-General Brown: 

J. H. Steger, 
As.<<islant Adjutant- (leneral. 
[Ibid., p. 788. J 

On the date of this order General Brown addressed the governor of 
the State, emphasizing the fact that the Citizen Guards were to serve 
without pay, and requesting that he be permitted to arm some of them 
'^ from the arms of the State." His letter was as follows: 

Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

Warrensburg, Mo., March 30, 1864. 
His Excellency Willard P. Hall, 

Governor of Mimouri, >St. Loul», Mo. 
Governor: I have the honor to inclose to you an order directing the citizens to 
organize Citizen Guards for local police. The duty will be performed without pay. 
The order gives general satisfaction to honest men: the rogues do not like it. I 
respectfully ask that I may be permitted to arm some of the citizens who have none 
from the arras of the State. The captains or leaders of the several companies will 
make requisitions and receipts for them. The men who are elected and who will be 
recognized as captains will l^e good, responsible parties. None other will be received 
into service. This part of the State is very quiet. 

^More ground will be tilled this season than has been done since the war began. 
I am, very truly, your obedient servant, 

E. B. Brown, 
Brif/adier- General of Volunteers, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 787.] 

No reph" to this letter has been discovered. 



182 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

With regard to the oljjot'tof the organization, General Brown wrote, 
March 31, ISOl: 

Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

Warrensburg, Mo., March 31, 1864. 
W. H. Leggett, Esq., 

Clerk of Hickory Count)/, Hermitage, Mo. 
Major: Your communication to the major-general commanding has been referred 
to me. You have mistaken the object of the order. It is to do just what you say 
your people are now doing — a Citizen Guard organized for the purpose of protecting 
each other against bushwhackers, robbers, etc., while they till their lands. None 
will be in active service, unless they find it necessary for their own safety. They are 
an organized armed posse to assist in enforcing civil law, and intended for a tem- 
porary purpose, the same as you have now, but organized, and for that reason more 
effective. Every honest man who understands the object of the Vjanding of the citi- 
zens together under this order most heartily approves it. Those who clamor against 
it have some ulterior object in most cases. It is just what you want to protect you 
from the house burners, etc., that you refer to. I hope, my old friend, to hear that 
you are made the leader of a Citizen Guard, and that with the troops' assistance you 
will fully protect yourselves without any apprehension of danger, and without pre- 
venting any citizens in Hickory County from raising their "craps" or attending to 
their ordinary business. * 

I am, very truly, your o!>edient servant, E. B. Brown, 

Bngadier-General of Volunteers. 
[Il)id., p. 801.] 

In order that the citizens of the District of Central Missouri might 
distinctly understand their position in ""assisting to maintain peace and 
in securing protection to life and property," the following order was 
issued In' Major-General Pleasonton, then commanding the district: 

General Orders, 1 Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

No. 42. / Warrenshurg, Mo., Julii 39, 1864. 

The disturbed state of affairs in this district requires that the citizens should dis- 
tinctly understand their position in assisting to maintain peace and in securing pro- 
tection to life and property. Two classes of citizens only will hereafter be recognized 
at these headquarters, viz, the loyal and the disloyal. All persons whose services 
are required in their respective districts for the Citizen Guard or other n)ilitary organ- 
izations, and who refuse to serve, or who endeavor to excite insubordination and 
discontent in those communities, will l)e considered disloyal. They will be arrested 
by the commanding officers concerned and sent under proper guard to these head- 
quarters, to be transferred out of the country or otherwise disposed of as may be 
decided on. Aliens as well as others are expected to show a willingness to defend 
their own property, and will be required to do so by joining some of the military 
organizations foi' that purpose or they will be obliged to leave this district. 

By order of Major-General Pleasonton: 

J. H. Steger, 
A.'isistant Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLI, Part II, p. 456.] 

On October 5>, 1861, a general order was issued by Major-General 
Rosecrans, then in command of the Department of the Missouri, and 
also in command of the militia of the State, in which it was announced 
that "all citizen organizations for local defense'' would be ""legalized 
both for State and United States service" hy being denominated ""Pro- 
visional Enrolled Militia." Under the provisions of that order the 
Citizen Guard organizations of the District of Central Missouri were 
discontinued, with a view to the reorganization of their members into 
companies of Provisional Enrolled Militia. This was done in an order 
from headquarters of the district, dated January 12, 1865, of which 
the followino- is un extract: 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 183 

•General Orders, \ Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

No. 2. i Warrenshurg, Mo., January 12, 1865. 

* ***** * 

HI. The organization in this district known as Citizen Guards is hereby discon- 
tinued, and the members thereof will be organized in conformity to the foregoing 
•orders [G. O., No. 192, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated October 9, 
1864]. Commanding ofticers of the Citizen Guard organizations will turn over the 
public arms in their possession to the nearest post commander, who will transfer 
them to the district ordnance depot at Jefferson City, Mo. 

* ***** * 
By order of Col. John F. Philips, commanding: 

A. R. CONKLIN, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLVIII, Part I, p. 500;] 

It will be seen from the foregoing that the Citizen Guards of the 
District of Central Missouri, organized under the provisions of Gen- 
•eral Orders, No. 12, of March 10, 1861, were formed solel}' for home 
protection, and were expected to serve without pay. They were not 
recognized by the State of Missouri as militia of the State and were 
not accepted into the military service of the United States. No record 
has been found of any military service rendered b}' them, either to the 
State or the United States. 

It is shown by the records that sixty -five companies of these Citizen 
Guards were organized, the designations of which, by the names of 
their respective commanders, will appear in an accompanying schedule. 

It is also shown by the records that one compan}^ of Citizen Guards 
(commanded by Capt. E. S. Hoge) was organized at California, Mo., 
under authority of General Orders, No. 107. of June 28, 1861, head- 
quarters Department of the Missouri, and General Orders, No. 12, of 
•July 29, 1861, headquarters District of Central Missouri. The first- 
mentioned order provided for the formation of companies of Provi- 
sional Enrolled Militia; the second order, quoted above, did not 
authorize the formation of companies of any class. The company was 
not recognized by the State as a militia organization and evidently 
should be classed among the organizations formed under General 
Orders, No. 12, District of Central Missouri, providing for the enroll- 
ment of the Citizen Guards, and it has been so classed in the schedule 
and in the above enumeration.'' 

DISTRICT OF NORTH MISSOURI. 

On July 20, 1861, Brig. Gen. Clinton B. Fisk, United States Vol- 
iunteers, commanding the District of North Missouri, issued an appeal 
to the loyal men of the district "to rally for the protection of life and 
propert}', and the extermination of the Confederate guerrillas" then 
investing northwest Missouri (Oflicial Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLI, Part II, p. 291). In response to 
this call the " citizen soldiery ^ turned out "by the thousands" (Ibid., p. 
392), but as the companies formed under this call were, with one excep- 
tion, classed as Enrolled Missouri Militia, and that gne company was 
•disbanded for disobedience of orders (Ibid., p. 512), a further history 

''For information relative to other companies of Citizen Guards organized in the 
District of Central Missouri, see "Organizations under General Orders, No. 176, 
Department of the Missouri, 1864," p. 187. 



184 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

of the matter need not here be g"iven. No rolls or other service records 
of the disbanded company have been discovered. 

On September 28, 1864, during the invasion of the State by General 
Price, General Fisk ordered the formation of a Citizen Guard for the 
defense of the city of Glasgow. Following is a copy of the order: 

Special Field Orders, \ Headquarters United States Forces, 

No. 6. ( . Ghisgov, Mo., September 28, 1864. 

I. An immediate enrollment of every white male person, between the ages of 15 
and 50 years, residing in Howard or Chariton County, within one mile of the city hall 
in Glasgow, is hereby ordered. 

Col. Clark H. Greene and M. English aie appointed commissioners of enrollment 
and are authorized to appoint deputies and clerks in order to secure a speedy com- 
pletion of the rolls. 

All persons thus enrolled will be organized into a Citizen Guard under the direction 
of Maj. Jas. W. Lewis for the defense of Glasgow. 

All orders issued by Major Lewis will be respected and oljeyed as if promulgated 
by the district or post commandant. 

By order of Brig. Gen. Clinton B. Fisk: 

Thos. J. Tidswell, Jr., 
Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Book No. 661, Department of the Missouri, p. 7.] 

No record has been found of the organization or service of any com- 
pany of citizens under this order. It is probable that if s^uch a com- 
pany was formed it was classified as Enrolled Missouri Militia and 
paid by the State. 

DISTRICT OF ROLLA. 

Under date of January 2.3, 1865, Brig, Gen. E. B. Brown, United 
States Volunteers, commanding- the District of Rolla, issued a general 
order directing the organization of companies of Citizen Guards for 
the purpose of defending themselves and their property ''from thieves, 
robbers, marauding bands, guerrillas, and rebels, and to more etfectu- 
ally assist the civil officers and courts in the discharge of their duties." 
Following is the text of the order: 

(jENeral Orders, ) Headquarters District of Rolla, 

No. 3. / RoUa, Mo., January 23, 1865. 

In order that the citizens of this district may be enabled to cooperate in carrying 
out the policy of the major-general commanding the Department of the Missouri, as 
has been indicated in General Orders, No. 7, current series, from his headquarters, 
and thus defend themselves and their property from thieves, robbers, marauding 
bands, guerrillas, and rebels, and to more effectually assist the civil officers and 
courts in the discharge of their duties, and by these means restore peace and quiet to 
the country, it is hereby ordered that all persons capal)le of handling a gun, and who 
can be trusted with one, do form themselves into companies of Citizen Guards, com- 
posed of such numbers as may be most convenient for the protection of their imme- 
diate neighborhoods. The basis of the organization of the companies as above 
directed must be unconditional loyalty to the Government of the United States and 
to that of the State of ^Missouri; a willingness to give an active cooperation to the 
civil and military authorities in their efforts for the restoration of the civil law in tlie 
land and safety to the person and projaerty of its inhabitants, and to assist in a war of 
extermination, by lawful means, of all guerrillas, bushwhackers, robbers, thieves, and 
rebels, or other disturbers of the peace and quiet of the country. Without further 
action from these headquarters, the people will immediately form themselves into 
companies in the manner 2:)rescribed for the organization of the militia under the laws 
of the State, nominate their officers, who will make out muster rolls and forward 
them for the approval of the general commanding the district, through the command- 
ing officer of the nearest military post or station, who will certify to the loyalty and 
integrity of the officers, and, as far as practicable, of the members of such companies. 
If the organizations are approved special orders will be made confirming them. Com- 
pany commanders will forward in the same manner an application for permits for 



CITIZEN GUAKDS. 185 

each member to keep or purchase arms and ammunition. No resident citizen in this 
district will be allowed these privileges unless he is a member of a company of Citizen 
Guards organized under this ordfer by the 1st day of March next. All commanding 
oflficers of posts or stations in this district will assist the people, as far as practicable, 
in this enrollment and organization, and report all failures after reasonable time to 
comply with this order. While the Citizen Guards organized under this order will 
not be considered a regular military force, entitled to pay or other remuneration for 
their services, yet they are so far hereby legalized as to make them subject to the 
same laws, rules, and regulations, and are entitled to the same immunities as are 
applicable for the police of the troops in the United States, and othcers are expected 
to enforce obedience to their orders. Any person who fails to enroll after receiving 
proper notice to do so, or, after enrolling, fails to assist in the conmion defense when 
ordered, will be reported to these headquarters, and after an examination and proof 
of his neglect of duty he will be sent out of the district. It is not expected that the 
Citizen Guards will be on active constant duty, yet as many as may be deemed neces- 
sary are expected to patrol the country, and thus be able to learn of the movements 
of bad men and give the alarm if there is danger. As a general rule, one-tenth of the 
company should be constantly scouting, and give three continuous days each month 
to this duty, so that, either in person or by substitute, each person will give one-tenth 
of his time for the common good and have nine-tenths for himself, being in turn 
guarded by his neighbor, but all to turn out in case of an emergency. The Citizen 
Guards will thus become an organized armed posse comitatus, and can be made a 
powerful auxiliary to the civil courts in the country, and at the same time relieve the 
army of a large amount of labor that legitimately belongs to the people to perform in 
guarding their own firesides. Regular rations of subsistence will l)e issued to each 
Citizen Guard while on active duty, to-be drawn monthly by the company command- 
ers on the usual provision return. Ammunition in small quantities will be issued by 
the ordnance officer, on the proper requisitions. The being a member of a Citizen 
Guard Company will not exempt any person liable to do military duty in the militia 
or volunteer service, nor will exemj)tionfrom duty in tbe regular military service by 
reason of age, physical disability, alienage, or other causes exempt any person from 
duty as a CUtizen (Tuard. All authority heretofore granted from these headquarters 
to any citizen of this district to keep arms or ammunition for their own use, who is 
not now or does not become a member of a Citizen Guard Company by the 1st day of 
March next, will be revoked, and the arms taken for the use of the guards. All 
arms, horses, or other property captured from guerrillas or other lawbreakers by the 
Citizen (niards will be reported to district headquarters, and an order will be made 
giving the company making the capture the right to use the property until it is 
required by the Government. Great care must be observed in the organization of 
the Citizen Guard companies and the selection of the officers, else they may become, in 
the hands of bad men, engines of oppression and a terror rather than a blessing to the 
people. Persons guilty of any irregularities will be severely punished. While it 
may be necessary in some cases to subsist on the country, it should not be done with- 
out providing compensation to the parties from whom it has been taken. 
By order of Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

W. D. Hubbard, 
lirst Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Adjutant- General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLVIII, Parti, 
p. 622.] 

The General Orders, No. 7, from headquarters Department of the 
Missouri, cited in the order quoted above, reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 7. i St. Louis, Mo., January 8, 1865. 

It being the intention of the general commanding to employ every means in his 
power for the purpose of ridding the department of bushwhackers, guerrilla bands, 
and rebel emissaries, and of restoring and maintaining law and order, he deems 
it proper to make known, in orders, to the citizens of Missouri, their duty in the 
premises, and the requirements that will be exacted from them. 

The experience of the past three years has clearly demonstrated the fact that the 
bushwhackers and guerrilla bands operating in this State congregate, dwell, and obtain 
their support in disloyal counties and neighborhoods, where they are encouraged 
and protected, and the efforts of the military forces to hunt them down are often 
rendered unsuccessful by reason of the deceptive and noncommittal course of the 
resident disloyal citizens. 

The general commanding desires all such citizens to distinctly understand that he 



186 MISSOUKI TROOPS UNION. 

intends, to the extent of his abihty and power, to hold them to a strict aecountabihty 
for their every act of direct or indirect hostility to tfte Government, or that tends in 
any manner to aid these outlaws. 

Henceforth, in order to merit and receive its aid and protection, citizens must, by 
their actions, show to the Government that they not only have no sympathy what- 
ever with bushwhackers and guerrilla bands, but that they are most earnestly opposed 
to them, and they must, at the same time, give these outlaws to know that they 
can not dwell in their midst and roam over entire counties, and abide in their 
neighborhood unmolested and not reported. 

Hereafter it will be required of citizens, in all cases, to report the passing by, the 
congregating or camping, near or upon them, the feeding, whether through fear or 
force, or otherwise, of bushwhackers, guerrillas, and any other knowledge they may 
have relative to the whereabouts, doings, etc., of these outlaws. This report must 
be promptly made to the nearest military authorities. 

All citizens failing to report as above required will have their property seized and 
themselves and families sent beyond the limits of this department; and those who 
are found to have given direct and voluntary aid to bushwhackers and guerrillas 
or rebels, will be arrested and banished, or tried by military courts for violation of 
the laws of war. 

Any person making any agreement with bushwhackers and guerrillas, or pre- 
tended rebel bands, for his own personal security or that of his family or property, 
and who does not immediately report to the Federal authorities the fact of such 
agreement, showing that it was made through force, need not expect any mercy at 
the hands of the Government. 

The disloyal residents of each county will be held to a strict accountability for 
any injury inflicted upon loyal people thereof by bushwhackers and rebel marauders. 

It is time that people who have been allowed to live peaceably, enjoy protection, 
and grow rich under our Government, while they have given aid and comfort to the 
enemy, either directly or indirectly, or by a noncommittal course of conduct, should 
be made to show their hands, and once for all to place themselves either in earnest, 
practical support of the Government or with its avowed enemies, so that we can 
deal with them understandingly. 

From this time henceforth district and subdistrict commanders and provost-mar- 
shals will report to these headquarters the names of all individuals and families who 
are found to be guilty of aiding the rebellion, or of aiding or encouraging bush- 
whackers and partisan marauders, by such acts of commission or omission as herein 
mentioned, in order that immediate action may be taken in their cases. 

Those citizens who consider themselves so" bound to their guerrilla and rebel 
friends that they can not comply with the requirements of this order, and who 
therefore prefer to join their friends within the rebel lines, will, upon application in 
writing to these headquarters for that purpose, be given permission to pass beyond 
our lines, with the j)rivilege of taking with them sufHcient of their personal property, 
such as clothing, etc., to render them comfortable. 

The military forces throughout the department are commanded to respect the 
civil law, and, when necessary, to aid its officers, to refrain from all unauthorized 
depredations, especially to commit no act through personal enmity, and to protect, 
aid, and encourage all those who, by their acts, uniformly show an honest and ear- 
nest desire to support the Government in putting down the rebellion and ridding 
the country of bushwhackers and guerrilla bands. 

By command of Major-General Dodge: 

J. W. Barnes, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

It will be observed that the Citizen Guard companies authorized by 
the order first quoted were not, according- to the terms of the order, 
to be considered a reg-ular militar}' force, entitled to pay or other 
remuneration for their services; that each man was to be furnished 
with rations while on active duty; that membership of the companies 
did not exempt from duty in the militia or volunteer service, and that 
such disabilities as usually exempt from military duty did not exempt 
from duty in the Citizen Guards. 

The status of these local troops is obvious. They were simplv citi- 
zens, organized for their own protection, to serve without pay. They 
were not of the organized militia of the State, and they were not in 
the military service of the United States. 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 



187 



No record has been found of the service, if any, rendered by these 
companies, but it is shown that thirty companies had an organized 
existence. Of these, however, the organization ot t)ut twenty-one 
companies was confirmed in orders from district headquarters as pro- 
vided in the case of ^^ approved '' companies. The company organiza- 
tions not so confirmed will be indicated in the schedule accompanying 
this paper. 

ORGANIZATIONS UNDER GENERAL ORDERS, NO. 176, DEPARTMENT OF 

THE MISSOURI, 1864. 

Upon the invasion of the State of Missouri in September, 1864, by 
the Confederate forces under Major-General Price, Major-General 
Rosecrans, commanding the Department of the Missouri, is^sued an 
address to "Missourians," in which he invited citizens not in the 
Enrolled Militia to join the militia organizations called out in then- 
localities, or report to the nearest United States commander for such 
dutv as thev could perform during the continuance of the raid 
This address was published in general orders, dated September ib, 
1864, of which the following is an extract: 

Misso'cKiANs: I. After two years of barbarous and harassing war, in which every 
citizen directly or indirectly suffered loss of property and many of lite, you are 
now^m-aded by Price and the recreant Missourians, who ni defiance of professed 
pri^ciies have been the chief cause of your sufferings and loss. They bring with 
fhem men from other States to plunder, murder, and destroy you tor adhering to 
he Government of vour interests and your choice. Prepare tor them the reception 
they deserve. Make this raid fatal to the enemy and you will insure peace. Let 
them succeed and you will almost ruin your State. 

II They boast of secret conspirators among you, who are ready to ]oin them in 
ruin ng vou. Let no Missouriaii be found base enough to do it. Let every ctizen 
who has s rit and manhood to defend his own home offer his services. Citizens 
ot in the 'Enrolled Militia or organized under General ^>'^7' ^°. 1^' ' ^1^1^°^^ ^^ 
militia organizations called out in their localities, or report to the nearest United 
Saes volunteer or militia commander for such duty as they can perform durmg the 
continuance of the raid. I look for a hearty response from all ."^^'^^.^ ^ .^,f l^ ,*™^ *J 
their State and Nation. Bring arms if you have any, horses if you can ride, and 
fight as scouts. Let everv arm be nerved, every brain active. 

Bv command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

J. F. Bennett, Ai:<siskmt Adjutant-General. 

On the same date, September 26, 1864. General Rosecrans issued 
another order, in which he directed a partial suspension of business 
in the city of St. Louis to facilitate the work ot organization tor local 
defense. Following is a copy of the order: 
flp-KFRAT Orders 1 Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No 178 } '"•''• Loids, Mo., September 26, 1864. 

On\he recommendation of his honor the mayor, and many leading business men 
of the citv, all public business will be suspended a ter 12 m. to-morrow to enable us 
to complete our organizations for local defense, and so permit an active force to pur- 

'""such buXe^s as is necessary to supply the daily wants of the people-public 
administration, banking and printing offices, manufactories which can not be stopped 
without great damage— are exempt from the operations ot this order. 

PXempts from the military service capable of defending their homes arereques ed 
to organize under direction of his honor the mayor, who will be provided ^Mth 
experienced officers to assist him in the organization. 



188 MISSOUEI TROOPS — UNION. 

Whatever is done should be done immediately, and with united energies. The 
organization should be completed in forty-eight hours, when Vjusiness will be 
resumed. Loyal exempts, let us hear from you. 

By command of Major -General Rosecrans: 

J. F. Bennett, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

On the foUowino- day General Rosecran.s announced Col. B. Gratz 
Brown as a volunteer aide-de-camp on his statf, for teniporary duty, and 
charged hini with the organization of the "Militia Exempts.'' (Offi- 
cial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. 
XLI, Part III, p. 40f).) 

On the :^9th of September the organization for local defense in the 
city of St. Louis had so far progressed as to justify the general 
resumption of business, and an order announcing that fact was accord- 
ingly issued from department headquarters. In the same order Col. 
B. Gratz Brown was assigned to the command of the Militia Exempts, 
"organized for special dut}' in the city of St. Louis." The order 
reads as follows: 

General Okders, | Heabquakters Department op, the Missouri, 

No. 188. J St. Louis, Mo., September £9, 1864- 

I. The organization of the citizens of St. Louis has so far progressed that busi- 
ness may be resumed to-morrow morning; })ut all business houses will close at 3 
o'clock p. m., daily, until further orders, to give opportunity for drill. 

II. Col. B. Gratz Brown, volunteer aide-de-camp, is hereby assigned to the 
inmiediate command of the ^lilitia P^xempts, organized for special duty in the city 
of St. Louis. 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans: 

J. F. Bennett, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 

On October 9, ISG-l, General Rosecrans issued his General Orders, 
No. 192, in which he announced that all citizen organizations for local 
defense would be legalized both for State and United States service 
by being denominated "'Provisional Enrolled Militia." and that to 
legalize the issue of arms and supplies to the organizations of Militia 
Exempts they also would be considered as having been formed under 
the order (General Orders, No. 107, of June 28, 1804) which provided 
for the organization of companies of Provisional P^nrolled Militia.*^ 
Following is an extract of General Orders, No 192: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department op the Missouri, 

No. 192. / St. Louis, Mo., October 9, 1864. 

I. General Orders, No. 107, current series, from these headquarters, having been 
promulgated to provide for local defense against bands of bushwhackers and other 
disturbers of the public peace, and for the maintenance of law and order more effec- 
tually than could be done by calling out the Enrolled Militia, as well as to engage all 
good citizens in the work, it is therefore ordered that all citizen organizations for 
local defense in this State conform to the provisions of that order. 

II. These organizations will be legalized both for State and United States service 
by being denominated " Provisional Enrolled Militia," and the comiiany and regi- 
mental rolls will state in the heading the object of the organization. 

******* 

VI. When these organizations are thus formed, and the rolls approved by the 
general commanding, the companies will be accepted, and their officers commissioned 
as "Provisional Enrolled Militia," for the special purpose of local defense and the 
preservation of law and order. 

VII. Except in cases of extreme public danger, no organization thus called out 
will be ordered to go beyond the limits of its own county, nor will it be permitted 

* General Orders, No. 107, is quoted in full under the head of Provisional Enrolled 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 189 

to go into neighboring counties, unless to pursue or meet marauders or other public 
enemies, or to arrest fugitive criminals from its own county. 

VIII. To legalize the issue of arms, clothing, camp and garrison equipage, etc., 
to the organization of "Exempts," formed during the recent raid, they may l)e con- 
sidered as having been formed under General Orders, No. 107, and their rolls will be 
entered at the State headquarters, where they will be placed on the records of such 
organizations. 

By order of Major-General Rosecrans: 

Frank Eno, AsslstiDit AfJjiiicxnt-Gei^eruL 

Fiv(^ reo'inients, two battalions, and several unattached eonipanies 
of Militia Exempts were speedily formed in the city of St. Louis and 
vicinity, embracing a force of more than 5,000 men. Concerning this 
force Colonel Brown reported, October 10, 1864: 

Headquarters City Guard, 

St. Louis, October 10, 1864. 
Major-General Rosecrans, 

Commanding Department of the Misi<ouri. 

General: Having volunteered my services to aid in perfecting the defense of the 
city of St. Louis against a threatened attack from the hostile force now in the State, 
I pruceedetl, in pursuance of General Orders, No. 179, from department headquarters, 
to organize into companies and regiments such of the citizens not included in any other 
military organization as desired to take up arms and hold themselves in readiness 
for duty. The result I have now the honor to report to you in the shape of five 
regiments, two battalions, and several unattached companies, emV^racing a force of 
more than 5,000 well-armed men, most of \\hom are familiar with drill, and many 
of whom have served out the period of their enlis^tments in the volunteer regiments 
recently mustered out. In regard to one of the battalions that formed at Carondelet 
it is proper to state that when reported for muster it consisted of from 300 to 400 
men, but owing to some misunderstanding on the part of those enlisted the organi- 
zation has not yet been completed. Subjoined will be found the oath which was 
administered to these troops l)y Major Ledergerber, assigned to these headquarters 
as mustering officer, and also a roster of the connnand and map of the city showing 
company locations. Authority has been given to form several companies of Exempts 
in the county of St. Louis, but as they furnish their own arms and equipments it has 
not 1)een deemed necessary to include them in this enumeration. It was the inten- 
tion to have organized also a battalion of colored troops, but so far only two compa- 
nies have been reported, one of which, of eighty-seven men, is armed and mustered. 
Brief as this report is, I can not conclude it without returning thanks to his honor, 
Mayor Thomas, for a zealous, untiring cooperation in consummating this organization, 
and also to the staff officers assigned to <luty here, who have been constant in their 
labor and attention. 

Having performed the duty assigned me, and rinding the emergency in which 
these troops were liable to be called out gone by, and the tax upon my time greater 
than is consistent with the proper discharge of other official labors, 1 ask to be 
relieved from command. The regiments are all provided with experienced officers 
of their own selection, and any continuance of the organization that may be deemed 
necessary to insure future safety to our city can be trusted to them with confidence. 
Respectfully, your obedient servant, 

B. Gratz Brown, 
Volunteer Aide-de-Camp, Commanding City Guard. 

[Official Records of the L'nion and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XLI, Part 
III, p. 752.] 

The oath administered to these troops, as shown by the copy fur- 
nished by Colonel Brown, was as follows: 

I do solennrh' swear that I will bear true allegiance to the United States of America, 
anil that I will serve them honestly and faithfully for the defense of the city of St. 
Louis against all their enemies or opposers whatsoever, whether they be armed 
rebels attacking the city or secret or open enemies attempting to menace the loyal 
authorities of the city under any pretense whatsoever; and that I will observe and 
obey the orders of the President of the United States and the mayor of the city of 
St. Louis, and the orders of the officers appointed over me by the commanding 
general of the Department of the Missouri, according to the rules and articles tor 
the government of the United States. 

[Ibid., p. 753.] 



190 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

No record has been found that any other organizations of AliHtia 
Exempts than those reported by Colonel Brown were formed. The 
designations of the regiments and battalions are given in an accom- 
panying schedule, the unattached companies being mentioned therein 
as the Third Battalion (unorganized), following the classification given 
in the original list of organizations. 

It will be seen that the '"''Militia Exempts" were organized for the 
defense of the city of St. Louis, and that to legalize the issue of arms and 
the necessary supplies they were to be regarded as having been formed 
under General Orders, No. 107, headquarters Department of the Mis- 
souri, of June 28, 1861. That order provided for the formation of 
companies of '"'Provisional Enrolled Militia," to be paid by the State 
when actually on duty, with the approval of the governor. But it 
was only to legalize the issue of arms and supplies that the Militia 
Exempts Avere classified as militia of the State, and this classification 
did not carT"y with it any promise of pay for any service that might 
have been rendered by them. It does not appear, however, that they 
were "actualh^ on duty" or that they were paid by the State or the 
United States. They were simply citizen guards, organized to meet 
a possible emergency that did not arise. They were not in the mili- 
tary service of the State or of the United States. 

The records of the War Department aft'ord very little information 
relative to the formation of other local defense organizations under 
the provisions of General Orders, No. 176. It is, however, shown by 
the records (6732, V. S., 1872) that three companies were formed in 
Johnson County, in the District of Central Missouri, commanded by 
Capts. Emory S. Foster, William Fisher, and George S. Grover, 
respectively, and that the former was assigned to the command of all 
of the companies of Citizen Guards in Johnson County, with the 
nominal rank of major. The order of assignment is as follows: 

Special Orders, 1 Headquarters District of Central Missouri, 

No. 209. i JefferHon City, Mo., September 30, 1864. 

* * * * * * * 

2. Emory S. Foster, of Warrensburg, is hereby assigned the command of all com- 
panies of Citizen Guards in Johnson County, Mo., with the nominal rank of major, 
and will be obeyed and respected accordingly. 
By order of Brigadier-General Brown: 

J. H. Steger, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Book No. 553, Department of the Missouri, p. 158.] 

No record of the personnel of Fisher's or Grover's compan}^ has been 
found, nor has any definite record been found of the service, if any, 
rendered by any one of these companies. The following correspond- 
ence on the general subject of the service- of Citizen Guard organiza- 
tions at Warrensburg, Johnson County, has, however, been discovered. 

From William Fisher, captain, Home Guards: 

Knobnoster, September 21, 1864. 
Brigadier-General Brown, Sedalia: 

Will you arm our company; if so, when? We are ready to assist you all we can. 
Answer quick. 

[Book No. 546, Department of the Missouri, p. 125.] 



CITIZEN GUAKDS. ^"^^ 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Sedalia, Stjitember 27, 1864- 

William Fisher, Knohnoster: „ ■, • . .■ ^ 

\11 the Enrolled Missouri Militia in Johnson County wi 1 be called into active 

sen-ice immediately. Can not arm citizen organizations until the Enrolled Mishomi 

Militia are armed. 
[Ibid., p. 126.] 
From J. H. Steger, assistant adjutant-general: 

Sedalia, September 29, 1864- 

Mai. E. S. Foster, Warremburg: 

Have ordered all troops from Warrensburg. Call out the Citizen Guards and militia 
to defend the place. 

[Ibid., p. 133.] 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Tipton, September 29, 1864- 

E. S. Foster, Vt'nrrensburg: ^ o j i- i 

I have ordered Captain Case to send you fifty stand of arms that are at Sedalia by 

passenger train to-night. I did not receive the provision returns. 
[Ibid., p. i:34.] 

From George S. Grover: 

Warrensburg, September 29, 1864. 

General Brown, Sedalia: 

\. far as I can ascertain, none of the men are on the rolls of Foster's, and my com- 
niv Sones to thTEnro led Missouri Militia. At any rate a great many are sti 
anSvine to get arms who are exempt from the militia, so that the companies will 
dSubtlefs be farger than reported bv the time rations arrive. Alter remarks on rolls 
from oXr 176 to order lOT-this with Foster's knowledge and consent. Will send 
requisition for vour approval in the morning. 

[Ibid., p. 135.] 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Warrensburg, September 29, 1864- 

Emory S. Foster, Warremburg: , a 

All the militia that can be brought into service will l^e ^^ onc^- ^^^^^X cifizent 

Captain Box back to Warrensburg with one company. \ ou should ha% e the citizen. 

make defenses in the town. 
[Ibid., p. 138.] 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Jefferson City, October 1, 1864- 

Mai. E. S. Foster, ^Yarrensburg : . 

The enemy are reported moving toward this place; measures, are taken to gij 
them a fi^^Tt.^ I think they will bl broken up before they get west of Sed^ J- Co^" 
lect^verv armed man in the county and be prepared to harass them. Don t let the 
PnenTv ?et the arms or horses of the Citizen Guards. If the enemy move west 
vou k'now how important it is that I should have information of their movements. 
Chester will report to you. 

[Ibid., p. 142.] 

From J. H. Steger, assistant adjutant-general: 

Jefferson City, October 1, 1864- 

Mai. E. S. Foster, Warrensburg: . 

Mount your command, but take an accurate account of horses taken in order that 
citizens mav be secured from loss. 

[Ibid., p.' 146.] 

From E. S. Foster: 

Warrensburg, October 1, 1864- 

General E. B. Brown: ^ t? xt 

I must have rations or I can not stay here. The returns were sent to Capt. B. H. 

Wilson. 

[Ibid., p. 146.] 



192 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

From E. S. Foster: 

Warrensburg, October 1, IS64. 
Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Give me authority to mount my men and I will be al)le to be useful. I will keep a 
correct account of all the horses I get and who from. I can start 200 men. I got 60 
more guns here yesterday, making in all 120. Can you send me more soon; anyhow 
three or four thousand rounds of anununitii m, caliber .58? I will forward requisition. 
Send commissaries. I am well fortified against infantry. 

[Ibid., p. 146.] 

From Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown: 

Jefferson City, October 4, 1864. 
Maj. E. S. Foster, Warrensburg: 

Subsistence and arms loaded and will leave this morning. All quiet, as far as I 
can get information. 
[Ibid., p. 15:3.] 

From E. S. Foster, captain, commanding: 

Warrensburg, October .5, I864. 
General E. B. Brown: 

I shall make every man leave this county who will not enroll in some organization 
for defense. If vou have fatigue duty to do I can send them under guard to vou. 
[Ibid., p. 156.] 

None of the companies mentioned a))ove was recognized or paid by 
the State of Missouri as militia of the State, nor was any one of them 
recognized or paid by the General Government as an organization in 
the military service of the United States. 

Besides the Johnson County companies, it appears that one com- 
pany of Citizen Guards was organized at Jetferson City, Cole County, 
Mo., on or about Septeml)er 21, 1868, under the command of Capt. 
P. T. Miller, which should prol)ably be classed among organizations 
formed under the provisions of General Orders, No. 176, though its 
enrollment preceded by a few days the date of that order. No record 
has been found that it rendered any service. It was not recognized 
or paid by the State as a militia organization, nor was it recognized or 
paid by the General Government as an organization in the militar}" 
service of the United States. 

There was also a company of Citizen Guards under the conniiand of 
Capt. William Beatty. organized in Carroll County, which, although 
paid 1)}' the State of Missouri as a company of Provisional Enrolled 
Militia, has attached to its pay roll as authority for its organization a 
copy of General Orders, No. 176. 

It is possible that other companies of Citizen Guards were formed 
under the provisions of General Orders, No. 176, of 1864, from head- 
quarters Department of the Missouri, and possil)ly some of them besides 
Beattj-'s company were recognized as companies of Provisional Enrolled 
Militia, under the provisions of General Orders, No. 192, quoted above, 
but those already mentioned are all of which a recoixl has ])een found 
showing their organization under General Orders, No. 176. 

It will appear from the foregoing that of the live companies (besides 
the Militia Exempts) known to have been organized under the provisions 
of General Orders, No. 176, one was recognized and paid as a State militia 
organization in active service, while the other four companies were not 
recognized or paid, either by the State or the United States. Of the 
service of these four companies no definite record has been found, and 
even the names of the members of two of them (those of Captains 
Fisher and Grover) are unknown to the War Department. If an}^ 



CITIZEN GUARDS. 193 

service was rendered by any one of the four companies, it was evidently 
of short duration and strictly for "local defense" — such service as 
was frequently rendered in the State of Missouri during the civil war 
without promise or expectation of pay. 

It is to be remarked of the Citizen Guards in general that the}'^ made 
no reports or returns to the War Department, and that it is quite pos- 
sible that many organizations were formed of which no record has 
been discovered. In this chapter, under the head of Citizen Guards, 
such information has been given as the records afford relative to the 
organizations known to have been in existence. 

S. Doc. 412 13 



MISSISSIPPI MARINE BRIGADE. 



The Mississippi Marine Brigade, consisting of one regiment of infan- 
tr}^, two squadrons of cavalry, and one battery of light artillery, was 
organized at St. Louis, Mo., b}^ authority of the War Department, as 
a special corps, for service on the Mississippi River. It was created 
largely by transfei's from other organizations and received few, if an}-, 
recruits from the State of Missouri. It was not a Missouri organiza- 
tion and is mentioned here only because, evidently through a miscon- 
ception of its status, a majorit}^ of its members were credited to that 
State. 

194 



MARINE CORPS. 



Among the maii}^ peculiar and illegal organizations formed hy 
Major-General Fremont, or b}' his authority, during his administra- 
tion of the atfairs of the Western Department, was an organization 
designated by him as a "Marine Corps." This corps, consisting of 
three companies, was organized for "river transportation service," 
and would have no place in a history of Missouri military organiza- 
tions but for the fact that an effort has been made to give the members 
of the corps a military status, and that, evidently through a misappre- 
hension as to their status in the service, they were credited to the 
quota of the State of Missouri, 

The earliest record bearing upon the organization of the "Marine 
Corps" is found in a letter dated August 13, 1861, to "Capt." Thomas 
Maxwell, of which the following is a copy: 

St. Louis, August 13, 1861. 
Capt. Thomas Maxwell. 

Sir: You are hereby authorized to recruit a Marine Corps to serve during the war, 
to consist of 1 captain, 2 pilots — first and second; 4 engineers — first, second, third, and 
fourth; 2 mates — first and second; 1 clerk, 1 steward, 30 sailors, 8 firemen, 1 watch- 
man, 1 cook and mate, 1 cabin boy. 

When you shall have completed the organization of said corps, you will apply to 
these headquarters, where the necessary order will be issued. 

J. C. Fremont, 
Major- General, Commanding. 
[Letters Sent, Western Department, Vol. 15, p. 205.] 

Under the authority thus conferred upon Captain Maxwell the 
first compan}' of the Marine Corps was promptly organized, all of its 
members being reported as having been "enrolled" August 11-, 1861, 
one day after the authority for the organization was given. 

In a letter dated August 19, 1861, General Fremont directed that the 
necessary orders be issued to have the " officers and seamen sworn in 
for the war," and that a steam transport be turned over to Captain 
Maxwell. Following is a copy of the letter embodying these instruc- 
tions: 

August 19, 1861. 
Capt. J. C. Kelton, U. S. A., 

As.<^istm-tt Adjutant-General: 

Captain Kelton will issue the requisite order to have Captain Maxwell's company of 
officers and seamen sworn in for the war, and a steam transport turned over to Captain 
Maxwell to-day. 

J. C. Fremont, Major- General, Commanding. 

[Ibid., p. 282.] 

On the same date a letter was addressed by direction of General Fre- 
mont to the mustering officer at the St. Louis Arsenal repeating the 

195 



196 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

order that "Captain Maxwell's company of seamen" be "sworn in.' 
This letter is as 'follows: 

Headquarters Western Department, 

St. Louis, Mo., August 19, 1861. 
Capt. A. Tracy, 

Mustering Officer, St. Lou in Arsenal, Mo. 
Sir: The general directs that Captain Maxwell's company of seamen be sworn in 
for the war. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-Geuerul. 
[8451, V. S., 1883.] 

Pursuant to the foregoing instructions Captain Tracy, Tenth Infan- 
try^ a United States mustering officer, on August 20, ISOl, mustered 
in (i. e., '""accepted into the service of the United States") Captain 
Maxwell's company as the "First Company in the First Marine Corps 

( Brigade) of Missouri Volunteers," to serve for the term of three 

years. This muster in, it may be remarked, was made on the printed 
form commonly used in the muster of volunteers into the United States 
service. 

Under date of August 28, 1861, General Fremont authorized "Capt." 
James Abrams to organize a "Marine Corps" (Letters Sent, Western 
Department, Vol. 15, p. 231). and it is recorded that on the 10th of 
the same month he authorized "John Young'' to raise such a corps 
(Ibid., p. 461), but the terms of the last-mentioned authority have not 
been found of record. The authority' granted Captain Abrams was in 
precisely the same terms as those quoted above in the letter to Capt. 
Thomas Maxwell. 

On September 12, 1861, " Capt." John Reily was authorized to raise 
a company, with the same organization as that given above, except 
that Captain Reily was authorized to add to the organization "one 
carpenter," and in the letter of authority the organization was desig- 
nated a " Marine Corps for River Transportation Service." 

No record has been found that tin organization was completed under 
the authority given to John Young, but Abrams'sand Reily's companies 
were recruited, and were mustered into the United States service for 
the term of " the war," under special instructions from Major-General 
Fremont. 

Upon the assignment of Major-General Halleck to the command of 
the newh^ organized Department of the Missouri, he was instructed 
by Major-General McClellan, commanding the Army, to '"'■ examine 
into the legality of the organization of the troops serving in the 
Department,'' and when he found any illegal, unusual, or improper 
organizations, to give the officers and men an opportunity to enter the 
legal military establishment (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 568), and in General Orders, No. 
25, dated December 11, 1861, General Halleck directed, among other 
things, that the members of certain irregular organizations be paid to 
cover past services actually rendered. 

But General Halleck evidently did not regard the "Marine Corps" 
as entitled to pay or other consideration as a military organization in 
the service of the United States; for, in a letter addressed by him to 
Major-General McClellan, under date of December 19, 1861, he said: 

I am discharging most of the steamers formerly in the Government employment 
and mustering out of service what is called the "Marine Corps," which are nothing 
more than hired men on these boats. This will be a great saving of expense. 
[1291, Missouri Department, 1861.] 



MARINE CORPS. ^^* 



This remark of Cxeneral Halleck was ^^'i^^^t/?' ^^f ?,^'T"Vm^^^^^^^^ 

-Marine Corps.'^ Following is a copy ot that lepoit. 

December IS, l»bl. 

In Septeu^^er last this.c..w and ^ ^^S^^^^T'o:S^F^Z:^ 
the war, unless sooner discharged ^y^^^fXam transports to be sworn in in like 
also ordered all officers and employees on 4t^^^»^\f^t3m^^^ bnt faile.l to such 
manner, and all teamsters on 1'^"^ , ^has mcnle wa^^^^^^^ ^, ^^.^^^ ^^^ h 

an extent as to be abandoned ^ide b were gn en a mc^^ ^^«^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^^^^ 
employees and to pay them o^- 1 l^^J^ been «o « ^^^^^ ^^ „,ake up his 

port. This boat and crew ai'i-ivgl yesterday^ i^o^^^^^^^^ 1^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ 

service roll and brmg it to my oftce tor ^he (Us imr e a y ^^ ^^^^^^ 

SiSTot i2rm th?rJ::i o^tll^SsTLrth^ulT- all entirely discharged from 
their service under their contract. ^ ^ Turnley, Assistant Quartermaster. 

[Miscellaneous Papers, Marine Corps.] 

Under date of January 9, 1862 Captain Turnley addressed a letter 
to department headquarters, in which he said; 

I ..sterert and „a,d off to December «1B61 -d "" ^.f ^^pSive^'S 
further service the three ™mP»"«f,?'J'«";!X',tSr ♦ • I learn the captain 
r:"e^T':,I?:lS'™?tTa1k^iSg:SXiharge. bnt to con. forward 

monthly for payment. . 

Please publish an order discharging them. 
[T 12, Missouri, 1862.] 

Thereupon an order was issued by General Halleck, as follows: 

No. 29. ; ^ ^ , , 

4. *The three Marine Corp/nnder connn«.d of Ma^^^^^^^^^^ 

that date. i tj n i . 

By order of Major-General Halleck. _^ ^ Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-General 

It has always been held by the War Department since the attention 
of the Department was called to the military status ot U e Maiine 
g.^s,^' tlit its -f er ii^ sei^i^was no^ a ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ 

^r^yt^Qr^LpsDeparti^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

"lrstwi\t^frht^'X:ine^n>-Vrbl;i?d three companies. 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS 
UNDER MAJOR-GENERAL FREMONT. 



On the :25th of Jul}', 1861, Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont assumed 
command of the Western Department and immediate]}^ proceeded to 
the organization of a military force, consisting largely' of Missouri 
volunteers and men brought from other States and organized as Mis- 
souri reg'iments. This force assumed the proportions of an army corps, 
the officers of which, including those of a large staff, were appointed 
by General Fremont himself, without authorit}' of law and without 
the sanction of his official superiors. 

Among the corps thus organized by General Fremont's authority 
were some not authorized by law, several of them being unknown to 
the military service of the United States, others were accepted with an 
unlawful limitation as to the localit}' of their service, and among the 
officers appointed by General Fremont were many not only not author- 
ized by law but bearing titles unknown to the nomenclature of the 
United States Army. 

As a preliminary to further remarks it is proper to state that the 
acts of Congress approved July 22 and 25, 1861, under which volun- 
teers were received into the service of the United States, authorized 
their acceptance only as "cavalry, infantr}', or artillery," and that the 
former act contained the following proviso: 

The governors of the States furnishing volunteers under this act shall commission 
the field, staff, and company officers requisite for the said volunteers; but, in cases 
where the State authorities refuse or omit to furnish volunteers at the call or on the 
proclamation of the President, and volunteers from such States offer their services 
under such call or proclamation, the President shall have power to accept such serv- 
ices, and to commission the proper field, staff, and company officers. 

[12 Stat. L., p. 269.] 

On August 9, 1861, General Fremont addressed to Hon. Montgom- 
ery Blair a letter of which the following is a copy: 

Headquarters Western Department, • 

>St. Louis, August 9, 1861. 
Hon. Montgomery Blair, Washinglon. 

My Dear Mr. Blair: The greater part of the old troops, especially the foreign 
element, is going out of service. The new levies are literally the rawest ever got 
together. They are reported by the officers to be entirely unacquainted with the 
rudiments of military exercise. To bring them before the enemy in their present 
condition would Ije to have only an unmanageable mob. I can remedy this if I can 
be authorized by th^ President and Secretary of War to collect throughout the States 
instructed men who have seen service. With them I could make a skeleton — meager 
enough, but still a framework— on which to form the army. This authority ought 
to be allowed, and the cost of transportation^ Don't lose time, but get it quick. I 
assure you it will require all we can do, and to do it in the best manner, to meet 
the enemy. 
198 



IREEGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 199 

I ought to be supplied here witli four or five millions of dollars, and the disburs- 
ing officers allowed to sell them at the ruling discount. All such equipments as I can 
procure abroad in much less time than I could get them here I ought to be allowed 
to send for. 

These are my suggestions. They are valuable. Pray act upon them; and what 
you do, do quick. * * * Show this to the President. 

The contest in the Mississippi Valley will be a severe one. We had best meet it 
in the face at once, and by so doing we can rout them. Who now serves the country 
quickly, serves her twice. 
Yours, truly, 

J. C. Fremont. 

[OflBcial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 431.] 

In reply the Secretary of War addressed a letter to General Fremont 
as follows: 

War Department, Washington, August 14, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont, 

Commanding Department of the West, St. Louis, Mo. 
Sir: Your letter of the 9th instant to the Hon. Montgomery Blair has been sub- 
mitted to me by him. With a view to place the new troops under your command 
in a state of efficiency for active service in the shortest possible time, you are author- 
ized to carry into effect your suggestion of accepting the services of instructed officers 
and men who have seen service to form the skeleton or framework for the organiza- 
tion of your forces. Let the captains of companies thus begun procure transporta- 
tion from the railroad companies, and give their receipts to the roads as vouchers. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. 
[Ibid., p. 441.] • 

It is to be observed that in this correspondence General Fremont 
neither asked for nor received authorit}^ to commission officers, and 
there is evidence that the President reserved this authority to himself. 
Among the docmiients submitted by General Fremont to the Joint 
Committee on the Conduct of the War, after he had been relieved from 
the command of the Western Department, were papers which are 
reproduced below. No recoi'd of these papers has been found in the 
War Department, but they are printed in full in the report of the com- 
mittee (Part III, pp. 114, 115), which also states that the documents 
submitted to the committee by General Fremont in his own behalf 
were properly verified. 

St. Louis, August 19, 1861. 
Hon. Montgomery Blair, Washington, D. C: 

It is necessary, in order to facilitate the organization here, that Major-General 
Fremont have power to commission officers, as Governor Gamble has neglected to 
accede to a request to do it, much to the detriment of the public service. 

If the President telegraphs that he will appoint the officers General Fremont com- 
missions, it will remove a great stumbling block from our path. 

Frank P. Blair, Jr. 

In answer to this, Mr. Montgomery Blair telegraphed that if Governor Gamble 
would not commission officers, the President would; but some mistake rendering 
the dispatch incomprehensible, the President repeated it himself, as follows: 

[By telegraph from Washington, 21st, 1861.] 
Colonel Blair: 
I repeat, I will commission the officers of Missouri volunteers. 



[R. & P., 456829.] 



A. Lincoln. 



200 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Notwithstanding the fact that the President had thus reserved to 
himself the authority to appoint officers of the Missouri volunteers, if 
the governor of the State would not appoint them, General Fremont 
continued to make the appointments, some of them to offices that had 
a legal existence, and might have been filled by the governor of the 
State or by the President, but many other appointments were made 
to offices that had no legal existence. 

Among the irregular and unlawful organizations shown b}' the 
records to have been authorized by General Fremont ma}" be men- 
tioned: Engineers, pioneers, sappers and miners, pontoniers, tele- 
graph operators and guards, a company of signal men, and a "Marine 
Corps," organized for riv^er service. 

Some of the appointments of officers, besides those of irregular 
commands, and of general and staff officers of recognized grades, were 
the following : 

1. A "brigade inspector, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of 
colonel." 

2. A "surgeon in this cit}', with the rank of captain." 

3. A "second lieutenant of infantr}'," with a view to his transfer to 
the Medical Department. 

4. A "major of infantr^^," for staff duty at department headquar- 
ters. 

5. A "captain of cavalry," to be emploj'ed in the land transporta- 
tion department. • 

6. An "instructor of cavalry," with the rank and pay of major. 

7. A "captain of artiller}-," for duty on the staff'. 

8. A "drill-master," with the rank of lieutenant. 

9. A "wagon-master" at the headquarters of the department, with 
the pay and allowances of a second lieutenant. 

10. A "captain of cavahy," to serve at department headquarters as 
"commander of spies and guides." 

11. A "director of music," with the rank and pa}^ of a captain of 
engineers. 

The irregularities in the Western Department produced such con- 
fusion that a representation concerning them was made to the Presi- 
dent, by an authorized agent of General Fremont, in a letter of which 
the following is an extract : 

Washington, October 1, 1861. 
President of the United States. 

Sir : I received verbal instructions from Colonel Woods, chief business manager for 
Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont, to proceed to Washington and ask for money and arma 
for the use of the Western Military Department. 

******* 

A great deal of trouble and confusion is springing up in the Western Military 
Department from a seeming conflict of authority between General Fremont and the 
authorized agents of the Government, which I trust a statement of facts may help to 
remove. He has given commissions to colonels and other staff officers, which I find 
are not recognized in St. Louis or Washington. On this subject I herewith sulmiit a 
statement of facts received this morning from Col. C. J. Wright, of Cincinnati. If 
the authority here given, and in numerous like cases, by the general be not promptly 
recognized by the Government, the utmost confusion will prevail among the officers 
and volmiteers now in the service in the West. A large number of persons from Ohio 
have received, and others have been promised, commissions under him; but if his 
acts in such cases are not respected in Washington, there will be no end to vexation 
and trouble growing out of these transactions. 

******* 

And now, Mr. President, I most respectfully submit that one of two tSings ought 
to be done immediately, viz, either General Fremont's military commissions and con- 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 201 

..acts shouM be -ogmzedan^h^ drafts ^^Zl^^S^r^SZ mfi,Z 
honored, or some person should take hit. place wiioseaLL;, 
nition by the Government. ^ 4t * 

* * * * 

With great respect, yours, j^^^^^ j^ Gurley. 

[Indorsement.] 

October 4, ISbl. 

Respectfully submitted to the War Department. ^ Lincoln. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. HI, 
pp. 511-513.] . . 

ThP mrticular cause of this complaint of the nonrecognition ot 

as the condition of affllrs resulting t'-'j^i^™; 'i;[«>' 'i'^l^ts to ^he 
V1?.L.^,tSt JfunMte ^f «e;.t^?8B'x.t.rtS he said: 

St. Louis, Mo., Octobers, 1861. 

Col. B. F. Larned, 

Prnimn<<tpr-General, United States Army. 
Sif^^ hate b?en waiting for Ma^or Cunningham to r^^^^^^^^ 
ber 30 (he being relieved from ^j. P-^Tg^^^^^^^^^^^ ' JS v lai^e number of officers' 
his accounts since g^Ptember 23) l^'^^^'^l^^^^^^^ 

accounts in them. He was 'le ailed om * ; c^^^ ^enceme ^^^^ ^^^^^ advantageous 
the sole duty of paying officers aceounts f ' f "- '"./J ^^ or next day. 
to detail for it. He informs me they will be i eadv to morro^^^^^^^ y .^ ^ 

Among the very large Ti"5!^,t's oT a P^ul^^^^^^^ to which I 

large proportion of oncers accounts ^^ ^ P^^^officers^appointed by General Fre- 
wish to call your especial attention |hey are m o ^ ^|,^horities at Washington, 
mont, without reference, as far as I ^^'^^,^3Xw' to a second lieutenant; of engin- 
andof all grades and corps, from a ^^ne al do^^^n to a s^ec^^^^^^^ dragoons, mounted 
eers, topographical eng"^eei-s oixlna^^^^^^^ B Ss /^^^^^^^^^ "Engineers of 

hussars, pioneers, and a whole ^ ^g"^;^^^^^^^ ^ in the form I inclose, 

the West" not yetpaid), etc. ./P*?^^,^^^"^^^^^ Vack as in the one inclosed, 

the appointments frequently It not gene^^^^ ^^^^ engraved), 

Others are on a more formal ^ommi^si^^^^^ 11 ^^^^ j.^^^, 

referring to the President s ^^^^^^^^PP^^^.tLSlXni as'they s"^^^^^ officers of 

etc Many of the ^^^1^1^^^'^%^^^^^^^ inspectors, teachers of tactics 

similar services m the United ^'^^l^s .-iniiy ^ ^ declined, for the present, to pay 

or "instructors" have been appointed, t_lhaNectec^^^^^^^^^ 

them. Also one or more '''^^''^'^'^y^^^^^S^Z^^ mimerous (hun- 
yet applied for payment. Tjiese api o ntmente ^^^^ 
Sreds) that I feel bound tojiirec^om aUention^^^^^^^^ 

(nformation, as to the.character of ^he appointmente^^^^ ^^ ^^.j^^ 

I should have mentioned that many ot ^^e^ <;0;X;\''^;j' ' at the time of commis- 

admitted, as I knew, they had :^^J^^'Zn^^Ze^'^Z^ any specific order to pay 

sion. We have felt "}M5ened to pa>ii many case, wiuo^^^^^ i ^^^^ ^pprehen- 

^irt'i.'raricrtrra:;rr.^"Sg"hei,s 

we refused paymeJit. _ especial attention to these payments, and 

toS S^L^JuSSils^ to rtSiiS^a^^ to these officers in future, or 

others of a similar character. They claim monthly. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ^ ^ Andrews, 

Deputy Paymaster-General, United States Army. 
FR. & P., 456829.] 



202 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Finality the Secretary of War and the Adjutant-General of the 
Ai-Diy proceeded to St. Louis, where, on the 14th of Octol)er, 1861, 
the Adjutant-General addressed General Fremont relative to the 
administration of affairs in his department, referring, among other 
things, to military appointments as follows: 

St. Louis, 3Io., October U, 1861. 
Maj. (iren. .Tohn C. Fremont, 

Commanding Department of the West, Tipton, Mo. 
General: The Secretary of War directs me to communicate the following as his 
instructions for your government: 

******* 

In this connection it is seen that a number of commissions have been given by 
you. No payment will be made to such officers, except to those whose appoint- 
ments have been approved by the President. This, of course, does not apply to the 
officers with volunteer commissions. Colonel Andrews has been verbally so instructed 
by the Secretary. 

******* 

I have the honor to be, etc. , 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 532.} 

While the Secretary of War and the Adjutant-General of the Army 
were still on their tour of inspection, Gustave Koerner, an aide-de-camp 
on General Fremont's staff', telegraphed the President as follows: 

St. Louis, October 16, 1861. 
His Excellency the President: 

Deputy Paymaster-General Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews refuses to honor General 
Fremont's commissions, which have heretofore invariably been accepted by him. 
Officers of the Army who have sacrificed their all to take up arms for their country 
are thus left destitute, and their families in want of the most urgent necessities of 
life. Very many of these officers are now in the field and in face of the enemy. 
Their efficiency and the spirits of many of the troops serving under them will be 
most seriously affected by this course. Unless you will provide a remedy to insure 
these men in their well-deserved remuneration a portion of the Army will necessarily 
disband, as no officers will or can serve without a valid commission. 

Gustave Koerner, Akle-de-Camp. 
[Ibid., p. 5.38.1 

To this telegram the Acting Secretar}^ of War replied: 

United States Military Telegraph, 

Tl'ar Department, October 16, 1861. 
Gustave Koerner, 

Aide-de-Camp, St. Louis, Mo.: 
Your message to the President has been sent to this Department for attention. 
Arrangements ^vill be made to examine and duly commission such officers as the 
service requires. 

We shall endeavor to do full justice to all faithful and competent men in the 
service. Until officers are properly commissioned paymasters have no authority to 
pay them. 
These irregularities will be corrected at the earliest date possible. 

Thomas A. Scott, 

Acting Secretary of War. 
[R. & P., 456829.] 

Further action was taken upon the message of Mr. Koerner by 
referring it to the Adjutant-General of the Army, with instructions to 
submit some plan that would do justice to the men who were then 



IRREGULAK ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 203 

serving as faithful and competent officers. These instructions were 
given in a letter of which the following is a copy: 

Washington, October IS, 1S61, 
General Lorenzo Thomas, 

Adjutant-General United States Army. 
Dear Sir: The inclosed message from Gustave Koerner, aide-de-camp to General 
Fremont, was read in Cabinet meeting to-day by the President. It was determined to 
refer all irregular appointments in the Department of the West to you for examina- 
tion, with instructions to submit some plan that will do justice to those men now 
serving who are faithful and competent ofhcers, and provide a remedy for the evils 
now existing. 

Very respectfully, 

Thomas A. Scott, 
Assistant Secretary of War. 

[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 538.] 

On October 19, 1861, General Fremont sent to the President a par- 
tial list of his appointments, requesting their confirmation, but it does 
not appear that an}^ action was taken upon his request. 

The Secretary of Warreached Washington October 21, 1861, on his 
return from the West, and on the same date the Adjutant-General, who 
had previously been instructed to " take full notes upon all points con- 
nected with the object" of the visit (Official Records of the Union and 
Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 538), submitted his report, 
of which the following is an extract: 

Washington, D. C, October 21, 1861. 
Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. 

Sir: I have the honor to submit the report requested in your letter of the 19th 
instant. 

We arrived at St. Louis, as you are aware, at 2.30 a. m. October 11. 

******* 

Colonel Andrews, chief paymaster, called and represented irregularities in the pay 
department, and desired instructions from the Secretary for his government, stating 
that he was required to make payments and transfers of money contrary to law and 
regulations. Once, upon objectiiig to what he conceived an improper payment, he 
was threatened with confinement by a file of soldiers. * * * Exhibited abstract 
of payment by one paymaster (Major Febiger) to 42 persons appointed by General 
Fremont, viz, 1 colonel, 3 majors, 8 captains, 15 first lieutenants, 11 second lieuten- 
ants, 1 surgeon, 3 assistant surgeons; total, 42. Nineteen of these have appointments 
as engineers and entitled to cavalry pay. 

A second abstract of payment was furnished, but not vouched for as reliable, as 
the paymaster was sick, and is only given to show the excess of oflftcers of rank 
appointed to the major-generars body guard of only 300 men, the commander being 
a colonel, etc. The whole number of irregular appointments made by General Fre- 
mont was said by Colonel Andrews to be nearly 200. 

The following "is a copy of one of these appointments: 

"Headquarters Western Department, 

'SSI Louis, Augustus, 1861. 
"Sir: You are hereby appointed captain of cavalry, to be employed in the land 
transportation department, and will report for duty at these headquarters. 

"J. C. Fremont, 
' ' Major- General, Commanding. 
"Capt. Felix Yogele, Present." 

I also saw a similar appointment given to an individual on General Fremont's staS, 

as director of music, with the rank and commission of captain of engineers. This 

person was a musician in a theater in St. Louis. Colonel Andrews was verbally 

instructed by me not to pay him, the person having presented the two papers and 

demanded pav. Colonel Andrews also stated that these appointments bore one date, 

but directed payment, in some cases, a month or more anterior thereto. He was 

then without funds, except a small amount. 

* ** * * * * 

Respectfully submitted. 

L. Thomas, AdjiUant- General. 
ribid.. nn. .540-ii49.1 



204 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

On (3ctober 24, 1861, a general order was issued from headquarters 
of the Army directing General Fremont to call Major-General Hunter, 
United States Volunteers, to relieve him temporarily of the command 
of the Western Department. This order was carried into execution 
November 2, 1861, and on November 9, 1861, the Western Depart- 
ment was merged into the newly created Department of the Missouri, 
the command of which was conferred upon Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck. 

On the 11th of November, 1861, Major-General McClellan, command- 
ing the Arni}^, addressed to General Halleck a letter of instructions, 
in which he said: 

Headquarters of the Army, 
Washington, D. C, November 11, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, U. S. A., 

Commanding Department of the Missouri. 

General: In assigning you to the command of the Department of the Missouri, 
it is probably unnecessary for me to state that I have intrusted to you a duty which 
requires the utmost tact and decision. You have not merely the ordinary duties of a 
military commander to perform, but the far more difficult task of reducing chaos to 
order, of changing probably the majority of the jiersonnel of the staff of the depart- 
ment, and of reducing to a point of economy, consistent with the interests and neces- 
sities of the State, a system of reckless expenditure and fraud, perhaps unheard of 
before in the history of the world. 

You will find in your department many general and staff officers holding illegal 
commissions and appointments not recognized or approved by the President or 
Secretary of "War. You will please at once inform these gentlemen of the nullity of 
their appointment, and see that no pay or allowances are issued to them until such 
time as commissions may be authorized by the President or Secretary of War. 

If any of them give the slightest trouble you will at once arrest them and send 
them, under guard, out of the limits of your department, informing them that if 
they return they will be placed in close confinement. You will please examine into 
the legality of the organization of the troops serving in the department. When you 
find any illegal, unusual, or improper organizations, you will give to the officers and 
men an opportunity to enter the legal military establishment under general laws 
and orders from the War Department, reporting in full to these headquarters any 
ofiicer or organization that may decline. 

******* 

I am, general, etc., Geo. B. McClellan, 

Major-General, Commanding United States Army. 
[Ibid., p. 568.] 

On November 12, 1861, General McClellan issued the following- 
order: 

Special Orders, ^ Headquarters of the Army, 

> Adjutant-General's Office, 

No. 304. J Washington, November 12, 1861. 



Par. 4. Maj. Gen. J. C. Fremont, United States Army, having been relieved from 
the command of the Western Department, and from duty in the field, those mem- 
bers of his staff who have been selected from civil life, under the authority of the 
act approved August 5, 1861, cease from the date on which he relinquished com- 
mand to be connected with the service. 

Par. 5. All persons, with the exception of regimental and company officers, 
who have been appointed into the military service by Major-General Fremont, and 
whose appointments have not been sanctioned by the President, are hereby dis- 
charged the service of the United States. 

By command of Major-General McClellan: 

L. Thomas, Adjutant- General. 

The act of Congress approved August 5, 1861, referred to in para- 
graph 4 of the order quoted above, is Public, No. 42, authorizing the 
President to appoint aides-de-camp. 

The following order issued b}- Major-General McClellan is here 



IRREGULAK ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 205 

qiiotod :is a part of the history of appointments in the Western 
Department: 

Special Okdeks, ] Headquauteks of jhe Army, 

j- AlWUTANT-CiENEKAL's OFFICE, 

No. 307. J Waslitncjtoti, Aovemher 16, 1861. 

1. The followin.u; appointments made l\v Col. Chester Harding, jr., Tenth MiHsouri 
Volunteers, in ol)edience to instructi(jns from iNlajor-CTeneral Fremont, commanding 
Westei'u Department, dated AuguHt 21, 1861, are confirmed, to take effect from the 
dates hereinafter specified, viz: 

(Tcorge D. Kellogg, assistant adjutant-general of volunteers, with rank of captain, 
August 21, 1861. 

William D. Colman, assistant quartermaster-general of volunteens, with rank of 
captain, August 21, 1861. 

Edward Harding, conmiissarv of subsistence of volunteens, with rank of captain, 
August 21, 1861. 

J. S. Front, brigade surgeon of volunteers, August 21, 1861. 

These a^jpointments will be considered as vacated on the 12th daj^ of November, 
1861, ui)on which date the oflicers mentioned were honorably discharged from the 
service of the United States, in pursuance of Special Orders, No. 304, current series, 
from this office. 

******* 

By command of Major-General McClellan: 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 

It is evident that this order, not being- the aetion of the President of 
the United States, who alone is authorized to make appointments to 
the statf corps of the Arn\y, had no legal effect on the status of the 
persons to whom the order relates. 

Genera] McClellan's order No. 304 was speedily followed by orders 
for the pa3^ment of the class of persons referred to in its second part 
(paragraph 5). Following are copies of correspondence and orders 
relative to the subject: 

[Copy^of indorsement on Special Orders, Xo. 304.] 

Adjutant-General's Office, November 25, 1861. 
Respectfully returned to the Paymaster-General . The list of persons appointed by 
General Fremont has been this day returned to General Halleck with the following 
indorsement: "The Secretary of War directs that all piersons discharged under the 
second part of the accompanying Special Orders, No. 304, who have actually rendered 
service shall be paid." 

L. Thomas, Adjutant-General. 
Respectfully forwarded to Lieut. Col. T. P. Andrews, Deputy Paj^master-General, 
United States Army, for his information. 

Benj. F. Larned, Paymaster-General. 



St. Louis, Mo., December 1, 1861. 
Col. B. F. Larned, 

Pa]ima»ter-(ieneral Inited States Army. 
Sir: Yours of the 28th instant indorsing the Adjutant-Cieneral's note on the list of 
(ieneral Fremont's appointees is received, and as I understand it as ordering his 
military appointees (second paragraph of Special Orders, No. 304) are to be paid to 
November 12, and those of his staff are not to lie paid at all, I shall so act unless 
directed otherwise by General Halleck. 

******* 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. P. Andrews, 
Deputy Pay master- General, United States Army. 



206 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Department op the Missouri, 

No. 23. i St. Louis, December 2, 1861. 

******* 

4. The general commanding has been advised that the Secretary of War directs 
that all persons disdiarged under the second paragraph of Special Orders, No. 304, 
dated Headquarters of the Army, Washington, November 12, 1861, who have actu- 
ally rendered service, shall be paid for such service. 

The rolls of the persons so discharged will immediately be copied and furnished to 
the chief of the pay department in this city, and also regulations will be adopted for 
determining in each case the time of service. 

* * * * * * * 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 



St. Louis, December 5, 1861. 
Lieut. Col. T. P. Andrews, 

Chief, Pay Department, St. Louis. 
Colonel: You will receive herewith a list of appointments made by Major-General 
Fremont, sent to me from the office of the Adjutant-General of the Army with the 
following indorsement: "The Secretary of War directs that all persons discharged 
under the second paragraph of the accompanying Special Orders, No. 304, who have 
actually rendered service shall be paid." 

You will make the ]:)ayment as directed, taking proper precautions to ascertain the 
time of service "actually rendered," and requiring for that purpose the affidavits of 
the claimants. 

An additional list will be fui-nished as soon as it can be prepared. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, Major-General. 



■General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 21. I St. Louis, December 9, 1861. 

* * * * * * * 

II. All persons commissioned by Major-General Fremont and discharged under 
the second paragraph of Special Orders, No. 304, dated Headquarters of the Army, 
Washington, November 12, 1861, and whose names are not included in the lists fur- 
nished to the chief of the pay department, in comjjliance with instructions from the 
Secretary of War, dated November 25, 1861, will refer their claims for payment to 
the Adjutant-General at Washington, the commanding-general of this department 
not being authorized to act upon such claims. 

By orcler of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, 
Assistant Adjutant- General. 



Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, December 9, 1861. 
Adjt. Gen. L. Thomas, 

Headquarters of the Army, Washington, D. C. 
General: There are a numljer of officers in this department in possession of com- 
missions from General Fremont who have done valuable service, but whose names 
do not appear on either of the lists sent from the Adjutant-General's Office with 
orders for payment. These men are deserving. Not having received any compen- 
sation for their services, they are now in destitute circumstances. I resj^ectfully ask 
authority to order payment for their services to Novemlier 12, the day on which the 
appointments of General Fremont exj^ired. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, Major-General. 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 207 

Adjutant-General's Office, 

Washington, January IS, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. H. W. Hali.eck, 

Commanding the Depavtuient of the Missouri. 
General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yonr letter of the 9th 
ultimo, relative to the payment of certain officers whose names do not appear ou 
either of the lists sent from this office, with orders for payment, and to state that 
anthority is granted you to order imyment for their services to Novemljer 12, 1861, 
as requested. 

I am, general, very respectfully, your o1)edient servant, 

L. Thomas, Adjntunt-GeneraJ. 

On Novoni))er 19, 1801, General Hallcck assumed the command of 
the department to which he had been assigned. One of his tirst official 
nets was to disband the companies of "telegraph builders, operators, 
etc., and the companies of telegraph guards created by authority of 
Major-General Fremont." (Special Orders of November 21, 1861, Book 
No. 89, Department of the Missouri, p. 16.) A few da^^s later, on the 
27th of November, he ordered the muster out of the squadron of cav- 
alry known as the ''Fremont Body Guard," which had been nmstered 
in with an unlawful restriction as to its service (Special Order 
Book No. 89, Department of the Missouri, p. 10), and on the ith of 
December he issued a general order preparatory to a "systematic 
organization of the forces" of the department. Following is a copy 
of the last-mentioned order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

No. 14. J St. Louis, December 4, 1861. 

With a view to a systematic organization of the forces of this department, all com- 
manders of regiments, batteries, troops, and companies raised under authorizations 
from any source whatever, now in the service of the United States in this department, 
will forward certified copies of their "muster-in rolls," including those of the field 
and staff, as well as those of companies, to these headquarters. The rolls will be 
accompanied by a letter of advice, stating the present station of the force, giving the 
town and county, also whether the officers are commissioned, and by whom. These 
rolls will l)e forwarded through the commanders of districts, divisions, brigades, or 
posts, who will see that it is done as promptly as possible. Where there are corps or 
detachments which have not been mustered, but have been in service, the command- 
ing officer will make affidavit before an officer authorized to administer oaths that 
the rolls are correct, and that the men and officers on the rolls thus authenticated 
have been in service for the period set opjiosite their respective names, which affi- 
davit will be forwarded with the rolls. 

The object of this order being to have commissions furnished to those officers who 
are without them, and the troops mustered so that they can be paid and supplied 
Avith clothing and subsistence, in accordance with law and regulations, the interests 
of the service as well as those of men and officers prompt the utmost diligence in 
complying with this order. They will be addressed to the assistant adjutant-gen- 
eral at these headquarters, marked on the enveloj^e "Muster in rolls." 

By order of Major-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant- General. 

Under date of December 13, 1861, General Halleck addressed to the 
Adjutant-General of the Army a communication in which he set forth 
at considerable length the irregularities of organization existing in his 
department and the measures proposed for their correction. This 
letter is in part as follows: 

Headquarters Department of the Missouri, 

St. Louis, Mo., December 13, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. Lorenzo Thomas, 

Adjutant-General of the Army, Washington, D. C. 
General: On examination of the organization of the troops in this department, I 
find numerous irregular and fragmentary bodies actually in service, but not in the 



208 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

manner authorized by law. It is very dilficult to dispose of these in such a way as 
not to injure the iiublic service or do injustice to the officers and men, and at the 
same time conform to the law and regulations. 

In the case of the Fremont Body Guard, I used my best endeavors to induce them 
to remain in service, but they unanimously protested against it, on the ground that 
they were not enlisted to serve the United States but to serve Major-General Fre- 
mont, and that on his removal their term of service ceased. I directed the captains 
of companies to present me their original muster rolls, which they did, and I found 
that they had only obligated themselves to serve as General Fremont's body guard. 
They said, moreover, that the mustering officer, Capt. John D. O'Connell, Four- 
teenth Infantry, announced to them at the time of the mustering in that if General 
Fremont should die or be otherwise removed from the command their term of serv- 
ice would cease. I, therefore, at their own solicitation and the request of Major- 
General Fremont, mustered them out. 

******* 

The engineer organization in this department is a very peculiar one, and the 
greater part of it without any authority of law. As near as can be ascertained this 
organization is as follows: 



Officers. 



Enlisted 
men. 



Colonel Bissell's engineer regiment 

Two companies of telegraph men 

One company of telegraph guards 

Signal cunipany 

Fiirce (if sappers and miners 

Company of pioneers, sappers and miners . 

Company of pontoniers 

Engineer detacliment at Ironton 

Engineer corps, etc , 




925 
200 
25 
51 
42 
98 

mo 

17 



Colonel Bissell's regiment is regularly mustered into service, receiving infantry pay, 
with allowance for extra service, as provided by law. The other ten companies, under 
various names, I proj^ose to unite into a battalion, and to muster them in as infantry 
on the same terms as Bissell's regiment; that is, to have the extra allowance when 
acting as engineer troops. To effect this it will probably be necessary to break up 
the present organizations, so as to dispense in the new with the extra officers. The 
two comjianies of telegraph men and telegraph guards, 9 officers and 225 men, have 
already been mustered out, but many of them are ready to reorganize as infantry in 
the manner proposed. 

The engineer corps proper, as it is called, has no troops, but probably about fifty offi- 
cers. The names of forty-three have already been ascertained, but some one turns up 
every few days holding a commission or appointment from General Fremont. Some of 
these are already discharged; but it is impossible to discharge them all at present, 
their services being absolutely indispensable in the construction of the works which 
are now being built at Paducah, Cairo, Fort Holt, Girardeau, Rolla, Jefferson City, 
La Mine Cantonment near Sedalia, etc. The commanding officers at these places 
report that it is impossible to proceed with these defenses, now partialh* constructed, 
without the aid of one or more engineer officer at each place. I coincide in their 
opinion, and shall be obliged to retain in service some ten or twelve of the most com- 
petent of these officers, with the pay of captains and lieutenants of engineers, until 
some arrangement can be made to rei)lace them by regular officers. 

I would remark that the pontonier company has a large and costly bridge train 
nearly complete, and that the signal company has in its possession signal instruments, 
not, perhaps, of much value for military operations, but which have cost a large 
sum of money. 

The changes proposed will obviate the present irregularities and anomalies of organ- 
ization; greatly reduce the expenses, and give efficiency to this branch of the service 
which now seems to be without form and almost without use. I consider myself 
authorized by the instructions of the 2d instant to make them, and shall do so as 
rapidly as possible, unless otherwise directed. The reorganization of the fragmentary 
bodies of artillery, cavalry, and infantry will be pushed forward with all possible 
dispatch. 

* * * * * * * 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. W. Halleck, ifajor- General. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 434.] 



IRREGULAR ORGANIZATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. 209 

On December li, 1S61, General Halleck issued his General Orders, 
No. 25, in which he directed that the niemljers of all corps mustered 
into service without due reoard to the ratio of officers and men, as 
fixed in the general orders of the War Department, be paid for past 
services actually rendered. In another paragraph of the order he 
announced his plan of reorganization, as follows: 

Gexeral Orders, \ Headquarters Hepartmext of the Missouri, 

No. 25. i St. Louis, Decanher 14, 1861. 

******* 

V. All incomplete organizations of companies and regiments heretofore mustered 
into service, but not in accordance with the law and orders regulating the ratio 
between officers and men, will be reorganized in accordance with the instructions of 
the War Department. 

******* 

By order of ^lajor-General Halleck: 

J. C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-General . 

A few days later, on December 19. 1861, in a letter addressed to 
Major-General McClellan, General Halleck said of his proposed 
reorganization : 

The condition of the country and the state of public feeling here resulting from 
General Fremont's removal excited by designing party politicians rendered it prudent 
to move in this matter slowly and cautiously. The task imposed on me here in 
this chaos of incendiary elements is not an easy one, and those at a distance who can 
not understand the real condition of affairs should not be hasty in judging of my 
conduct, and, above all, thev should not embarrass me bv unnecessary interference. 

[Ibid., p. 449.] 

By the discharge of the staff officers appointed by General Fremont, 
the consolidation of fragmentary organizations, the disbandment of 
those unauthorized by law, the muster out of such organizations as 
had been accepted with unauthorized conditions of service, and the 
commissioning by the governor of the officers of regimental organiza- 
tions retained in service, which was done at General Halleck's request, 
the task of "• reducing chaos to order" was finally accomplished. The 
evil effects of General Fremont^s irregular and unlawful proceedings 
were, however, manifest long after his relinquishment of the command 
of the Western Department, as is apparent elsewhere in this paper, 
especially in that portion of it devoted to the United States Reserve 
Corps, three years' service. 

S. Doc. 412 14 



LISTS OF UNION ORGANIZATIONS. 



211 



LIST OF MISSOURI ORGANIZATIONS REGULARLY 
MUSTERED INTO THE MILITARY SERVICE OF THE 
UNITED STATES OR RECOGNIZED BY THE WAR 
DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN IN THAT SERVICE." 



CAVALRY, 



First Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 

First Battalion, Missouri State Militia, old. (Became Companies A to 

F, First Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 
First Battalion, Missouri State Militia, new. 
First Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

(Also known as Hollan Horse; consolidated with Fourth and Fifth 

Cavalry regiments, three years' volunteers.) 
First Regiment, three j^ears' volunteers. 

First Battalion, three years' volunteers. (BoAven's Battalion.) 
First Battalion, Western Cavalr}", three years' volunteers. (Also 

known as Fremont Hussars; became part of Fourth Cavahy, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Second Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 
Second Battalion, Missouri State Militia, old. (Consolidated with 

Fourth and Eighth Cavalry regiments, Missouri State Militia.) 
Second Battalion, Missouri State Militia, new. 
Second Regiment, three 3^ears' volunteers. (Also known as Merrill's 

Horse.) 
Third Regiment, Missouri State Militia, old. (Consolidated with Sixth 

and Seventh Cavalry regiments, Missouri State Militia.)'' 
Third Regiment, Missouri State Militia, new. 

Third Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Third Cav- 
alry Regiment, old, Missouri State Militia.) 
Third Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Fourth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 
Fourth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (One company transferred to 

First Infantry Regiment, Missouri State ]Militia; remainder became 

First Cavalry Battalion, Missouri State Militia, new.) 
Fourth Regiment, three 3^ears' volunteers. 
Fifth Regiment, Missouri State Militia, old.*^ 

•''The Missouri State Militia, although not actuallj^ in the military service of the 
United States, has a status so nearlj' assimilated to that of troops in the United States 
service that it has been included in this list. For information as to the status of the 
Missouri State Militia, see narrative statement, p. 21. 

^ This regiment was broken up February 2, 1863, and on the same date the Tenth 
was designated the Third Cavalry, Missouri State Militia. 

" This regiment was discontinued February 2, 1863, and on the same date the Thir- 
teenth was designated the Fifth Cavalry, Missouri State Militia. 

213 



214 MISSOUKT TROOPS — UNION. 

Fifth Rog-iment, Missouri State Militia, new. 

Fifth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Consolidated with Sixth Cav- 

aliy Regiment and Sixth Cavalry Battalion, Missouri State Militia.) 
Fifth Regiment, three j^ears' volunteers. (Consolidated with Fourth 

Cavalry Reg'iment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) 
Fifth Independent Battalion, three years' volunteers. (Also known as 

Berry's Battalion.) 
Sixth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 
Sixth Battalion, Missouri State ISIilitia. (Also known as Boonville 

Battalion; consolidated with Thirteenth Cavalry, and First Infantry, 

Missouri State Militia.) 
Sixth Regiment, Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia, twenty months. 

(Became the Sixteenth Cavalry, twenty months' volunteers.) 
Sixth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Seventh Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 
Seventh Battalion, Missouii State Militia. (Became a part of the 

Second Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 
Seventh Regiment, Provisional Enrolled Missouri Militia, twent}^ 

months. (Became the Fifteenth Cavalrj' Regiment, twentv months' 

volunteers.) 
Seventh Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Eighth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 
Eighth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Fourth 

Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 
Eighth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
ISinth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 

Ninth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Fifth Cav- 
alry Regiment, old, Missouri State Militia.) 
Ninth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Transferred to Third and 

Tenth Cavalry Regiments, three years' volunteers.) 
Tenth Regiment, Missouri State Militia." 

Tenth Battalion, Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Tenth Cav- 
alry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 
Tenth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. 
Eleventh Regiment, Missouri State Militia. (Consolidated with the 

Second Cavahy Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 
Eleventh Battalion. Missouri State Militia. (Became part of Twelfth 

Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State ISIilitia.) 
Eleventh Regiment, three 3^ears' volunteers. 
Twelfth Regiment, Missouri State Militia. (Consolidated with the 

Third, new, and Fifth Cavalry regiments, Missouri State Militia.) 
Twelfth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Thirteenth Regiment, Missouri State Militia.'' 
Thirteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers." 
Fourteenth Regiment Missouri, State Militia. (Also known as ]\Ioun- 

tain or Mounted Rangers; consolidated with the Fourth and Eighth 

Cavalry regiments, Missouri State Militia.) 

"On February 2, 1863, this regiment was designated the Third Cavalry, new, 
Missouri State "3Iilitia, the original Third Cavalry having been broken up on that 
date. 

"On February 2, 1863, this regiment was designated the Fifth Cavalry, new, 
Missouri State Militia, the original Fifth Cavalry having been discontinued on that 
date. 

•^ This regiment was composed of veteran volunteers reenlisted from the Missouri 
State Militia regiments. 



OEGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 215 

Fourteenth Kegiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.'' 

Fifteenth Regiment, twenty months' vohinteers. 

Sixteenth Regiment, twenty months" volunteers. 

Benton Hussars. (Became part of the Fifth Cavahy, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Berry's Battalion. (Fifth Independent Battalion, three vears' vol- 
unteers.) 

Black Hawk Battalion. (Became part of the Seventh Cavahy, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Boonville Battalion. (Sixth Cavahy Battalion, Missouri State Militia.) 

Bowen's Battalion. (Also known as First Battalion, three years' vol- 
unteers; became part of Ninth Cavalry, three 3'ears' volunteers.) 

Burris's Unattached Company. (Became Compan}^ 1, First Cavalry 
Regiment, Missouri State ]\Iilitia.) 

Cass County Home Guard Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Dade County Squadron, Captain Switzler. (Company A, Fremont 
Battalion.) 

Dade County Squadron, Captain Wright. (Company D, Fremont 
Battalion.) 

Fremont Battalion. (Became part of Sixth Cavahy Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Fremont's Body Guard Battalion, three years' volunteers. 

Fremont Hussars. (First Western Cavalry Battalion, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Fremont Rangers, lUinois, (Became part of Third Cavalry Regiment, 
three years' volunteers.) 

Goerisch's Company. (Cavalry Company L, Second Infantry Regi- 
ment. United States Reserve Corps, three years' service; became 
Company B, First Cavalr}' Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, 
three years' service.) 

Hawkins's Independent Company. (Became Company F, Sixth Cav- 
alry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Hawk's Independent Company. (Attached to Twentj^-second Infantrj- 
Battalion, three years' volunteers; became Compan}" I, Seventh Cav- 
alry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Hol la n Horse. (First Cavalry Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, 
Fhree 3" ears' service.) 

Humphre3''s Independent Company. (Attached to the Eighteenth 
Infantry Regiment; ])ecume Compan}^ M, Seventh Cavahy Regi- 
ment, three years' volunteers.) 

Johnson's Unattached Company. (Became Company L, First Cavahy 
Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Kaltenbach's Company. (Cavalr^^ Company L. Fifth Infantry Regi- 
ment, United States Reserve Corps, three ^^ears' service; became 
Company C, First Cavahy Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, 
three years' service.) 

Kansas Rangers. (Also known as Mounted Rangers; became part of 
Union Rangers.) 

Loring's Independent Company. (Attached to Eighteenth Infantrv 
Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers; became Compan3" K, Seventh 
Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

^This regiment was partially composed of veteran volunteers reenlisted from the 
Missouri State ^lilitia regiments. 



216 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Love's Independent Compan3\ (Attached to Eighteenth Infantry 
Regiment, three j^ears"' volunteers; })ecame Company L, Seventh 
Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers. ) 

Melter's Company. (Attached to First Infantry Regiment, United 
States Reserve Corps, three months' service.) 

Melters Company, Dragoons, First Infantry, United States Reserve 
Corps, three years' service. (Became Company A, First Cavalry 
Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service.) 

MerrilFs Horse. (Second Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Mounted or Mountain Rangers. (Fourteenth Cavahy^ Regiment, Mis- 
souri State Militia.) 

Mounted Rangers. (Kansas Rangers.) 

Peery\s Unattached Company. (Became Company K, First Cavalry 
Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Prairie Scouts. (Companies C and L, First Cavalry Regiment, three 
years' volunteers, and Naughton's Irish Dragoons, Twenty-third 
lU'rnols Regiment.) 

Red Rovers. (Became Compan}' I, Tenth Cavalrv Regiment, Missouri 
State Militia.) 

Scholield Hussars. (Became Company 1, Thirteenth Cavalry Regi- 
ment, Missouri State Militia.) 
~^ Siegler's Company. (Cavalry Company L, Third Infantr}' Regiment, 
United States Reserve Corps, three 3^ears' service; became Com- 
pany E, First Cavahy Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, 
three years' service.) 
-. Smallwood's Company, Scouts and Guides, three months' volunteers. 

Sobolaski's Independent Company of Lancers, three years' volunteers. 

Stewart's Battalion, three years' volunteers. 

Union Rangers. (Part of Wood's Battalion, three years' volunteers.) 

Warren County Battalion. (Part of Tenth Cavalry Regiment, Mis- 
souri State Militia.) 

WenkePs Company. (Cavalry Company M, Fifth Infantry Regiment, 
United States Reserve Corps, three years' service; became Company 
D, First Cavalry Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three 
years' service.) 

Winter's Independent Company. (Attached to Twenty-second Infantry 
Battalion, three years' volunteers; became Company H, Seventh 
Cavalry Regiment, three yeai's' volunteers.) 

Wood's Battalion, three years' volunteers. (Consolidated with the Sixth 
Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

ARTILLERY. 

First Battery, Missouri State Militia. 

First Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service.'' 

(Became Second Artiller}^ Regiment, three j^ears' volunteers.) 
First Regiment, Light, three years' volunteers. 
First Flying Battery, three 3^ears' volunteers. (Company F, Second 

Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Second Regiment, three years' volunteers.^ 



" This regiment was composed of 12 companies of heavy artillery and 3 light 
batteries. 

" This regiment was originally composed of 12 companies of heavy artillery and 3 
light batteries. By reorganization it became a light-artillery regiment, composed of 
12 batteries. 



ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 217 

Arthur's Batteiy. (Battery G, Second Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Atwater's Battery. (Battery E, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Backof's Battalion, three months' militia, 1861. 

Backof 's Battery. (Schotield Light Artillery, Missouri State Militia. ) 
Backof's Battalion, Light Artillery, three vears' volunteers." 
Backof's Battery. (Schotiekl Liglit Artillery, three years' volunteers.) 
Boardman's Battery. (Battery M, Second Artillery Regiment, three 

3"ears' volunteers.) 
Buel's Battery. (Became BulHss's Battery, Light Artillery, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Bulliss's Battery. (Originally Buel's; became Sheldon's Battery, Light 

Artillery, three years' volunteers.) 
Burke's Battery. (Battery K, First Artillery Regiment, three years 

volunteers.) 
Callahan's Battery. (Battery H, First Artillery Regiment, three years 
. volunteers.) 
Callender's Battery. (Battery D, First Artillery Regiment, three 3^ears 

volunteers.) 
Cavender's Battery. (Battery G, First Artillery Regiment, three years 

volunteers.) 
Cole's Battery. (Battery E, First Artillery Regiment, three years 

volimteers.) 
Conf are's Battery. (Battery K, Second Artillery Regiment, three 

years' v-olunteers.) 
Essig's Battery. (Battery A, Backof's Artillery Battalion, three 

months' militia, 1861.) 
Fish's Batteries. (Batteries A, K, and M, First Artillery Regiment, 

three years' volunteers.) 
Flagg's Battery. (Battery E, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Foust's Battery. (Battery F, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Fuchs's Batteries. (Battery L, subsequently I, and Battery C, Second 

Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Hescock's Battery. (Batteiy G, First Artilleiy Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Jackson's Battery. (Battery G, Second Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Johnson's Battery, Horse Artillery. (Became Johnson's Company, 

Unattached Cavalry, Missouri State Militia.) 
Joyce's Battery. (A temporary organization formed of men detached 

from the Tenth Cavalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Julian's Battery. (Battery 1, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Knispel's Battery, (A temporary organization formed of men detached 

from the Fourth (Javalry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Kowald's Batter3\ (Organization not completed; men mustered out 

or transferred to Schwartz's Batteiy, IlUnois Artillery.) 

^This battalion was composed of two independent batteries, viz, Welfley's and 
Mann's. 



218 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Landgraeber's Battery. (First Flying- Battciy; originally Pfennig- 

hauseu's; became Battery F, Second Artiller}- Regiment, three 

3^ears' volunteers.) 
Lovejo^^'s Howitzer Battery. (A temporary organization formed of 

men detached from various companies of the Second Cavalry Kegi- 

ment, three j^ears' volunteers.) 
McClanahan's Battery. (A temporar}- organization formed of men 

detached from the Second Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State ]Militia.) 
McMurray's Batteries. (Battery L, First, and Battei'v L, Second 

Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Mann's Batter}'. (Batterj'B, Backof's«Artillery Battalion, three years 

volunteers; became Battery C, First Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Manter's Battery. (Batter}' A, First Artillery Regiment, three 3'ears' 

volunteers.) 
Marr's Batteries. (Batteries K and M, First Artillery Regiment, 

three years' volunteers.) 
Matthaei's Battery. (Battery C, First Artillerv Regiment, three 

3'ears' volunteers.) 
Maurice's Batteries. (Batteries B and K, First Artillery Regiment, 

three years' volunteers.) 
Miller's Battery. (Battery I, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Montgomery's Battery. (Battery H, Second Artillery Regiment, 

three years' volunteers.) 
Murph3''s Batter}'. (Battery F, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Neustaedter's Battery. (Battery C, Backof's Artillery Battalion, three 

months' militia, 1861.) 
Nichols's Battery. (Battery E, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Pfennighausen's Battery. (First Independent Battery, Flying Artil- 
lerv: became L<andgraeber's First Independent Battery, Flying 

Artillery.) 
Powell's Battery. (Battery M, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Randol's Battery. (Battery L, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Richardson's Battery. (Battery D, First Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Riemann's Battery. (Battery A, First Artillery Regiment, United 

States Reserve Corps, three years' service; subsequently Battery L, 

Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Rinne's Battery. (Battery C, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 

volunteers.) 
Rowland's Battery. (Battery K, Second Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Schaertf's Battery. (Battery D, Second Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Schofield's Battery. (Battery A, First Artillery Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Schofield Light Artillery, Missouri State Militia. 
Schotield Light Artillery, three years' volunteers. (Became Battery 

L. First Light Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 



OEGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 219 

Schwarz's Battery, (Battery E, Second Artillery Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Sheldon's Battery. (Previously BueP.^ and Bulliss's; became Bat- 
tery 1, First Artillery Kegiment. three years' volunteers.) 

Simonton's Battery. (Battery B, Seconct Artillery Kegiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Stange's Batteries. (Batter}^ C, First Artillery Kegiment, United 
States Reserve Corps, three 3'ears' service, and Batteries E and M, 
Second Artillery Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Stone's Batteries. (Batteries C and K. First Artillery Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Strodtman's Batteries. (Batteries A and~ G, Second Artillery Regi- 
ment, three years' A'olunteers^) 

Sutter's Battery. (Battery B, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Tannrath's Battery. (Battery I, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Thurber's Batteries. (First Batter3% Missouri State Militia — origi- 
nally Wachsman's — and Battery L, Second Artillery Regiment, 
three years' volunteers.) 

Thurneck's Battery. (Battery B, First Artillery Regiment, United 
States Reserve Corps, three 3'ears' service.) 

Tiemeyer's Battery. (Battery M, First Artillery Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

TrolFs Batter}". (Battery A, Second Artillery Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Voelkner's Battery. (Battery F, Second Artillery Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Wachsmaii's Battery. (First Battery, Missouri State Militia, and 
Battery A, Second Artillerv Regiment, three vears' volunteers.) 

WelHey's Battery. (Battery A. Backofs Artillery Battalion, three 
years' volunteers; became Battery B, I'irst Artillery Regiment, 
three years' volunteers.) 

IVelker's Battery. (Battery H. First Artillery Regiment, three 
years' volunteers.) 

Wilkins's Battery. (Battery B, Backofs Artillerv Battalion, three 
months' militia, lS(il.) 

Yates's Battery. (Battery H, First Artillery Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.^ 

INFANTRY. 

First Regiment, three months" militia, 1S61. (Also known as Ger- 
man Turners; composed of 12 companies, 2 of which were known as 
Companies A and B, Riile Battalion.) 

First Regiment, Missouri State Militia. 

First Regiment. Enrolled Missouri ]\Iilitia. (Three companies in 
United States service thirty da^'s in 1S61:.) 

First Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. 
(Composed of 12 companies.) 

First Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

First Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Became First Artilleiy 
Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Pirst Regiment. Rifles. (Eleventh Infantry, three years' volunteers.) 



220 MISSOURI TROOPS— UNION. 

First Northeast Battalion, three 3'ears' volunteers.'' 

Second Reg-inient, three months' militia, 1861. 

Second Reg'iment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. 

Second Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

Second Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Also known as Ashoth 

Rities.) 
Second Northeast Battalion, three 3'ears' volunteers." 
Second Regiment, Rifles. (Twelfth Infantr^^, three years' volunteers.) 
Third Regiment, three months' militia, 18(51. (Composed of 12 compa- 
nies, 2 of which were known as Companies A and li. Rifle Battalion.) 
Third Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. 
Third Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

(Consolidated with the Gasconade County Infantry Battalion, United 

States Reserve Corps, three years' service, to form the Fourth 

Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Third Regiment, three vears' volunteers. 
Fourth Regiment, three months' militia, 1861. (Also known as 

Schwarze or Black Jager Regiment; composed of 12 companies, 2 of 

which were known as Companies L and M, Rifle Battalion.) 
Fourth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. 

(Composed of 12 companies, 2 of which were known as Companies 

L and M, Rifle Battalion.) 
Fourth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 
Fourth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Fifth Regiment, three months' militia, 1861. 

Fifth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three months' service. 
Fifth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

(Became the Fifth Infantr^^ Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 
Fifth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Sixth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Sev^enth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Irish 

Seventh.) 
Eighth Regiment, three vears' volunteers. (Also known as American 

Zouaves.) 
Ninth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Zouaves; 

became Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry.) 
Tenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. 
Eleventh Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as First 

Regiment, Rifles.) 
Twelfth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Second 

Regiment. Rifles.) 
Thirteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers, old. (Also known as 

Upper Thirteenth; became Twenty-flfth Infantry Regiment, three 

years' volunteers.) 
Thirteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers, new. (Became Twenty- 
second Oli'to Volunteers.) 
Fourteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Birge's 

or Western Sharpshooters ; became Sixty-sixth IlUnois Infantry.) 
Fifteenth Regiment, three years' volunteers. (Also known as Swiss 

Rifles.) 

'"^The First and Second Northeast battalions mentioned in this list were consoli- 
dated to form the Twenty-first Missouri Infantry, three years' volunteers. They 
are separate and distinct from the organizations of the same designations mentioned 
in the list of Home Guard organizations jjaid through the agency of the Hawkins 
Taylor Commission. 



ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SP:RVICE. 221 

Sixteenth Keginient, three years' vohinteers. (Org-anization not com- 
pleted; Company A ])eeame Company A, Twenty-seyenth Infantry 
liegiment, three 3^ears' yokinteers; the remaining members of the 
regiment were assigned to lliiiwh regiments.) 

Seyenteenth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Also known as 
Western Turner Rifles.) 

Eighteenth Regiment, three j^ears' yolunteers. (Also known as Morgan 
Rangers.) 

Nineteenth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Also known as Lyon 
Regiment; 4 companies organized; consolidated Ayith Third Infantry 
Regin^ent, three years' yolunteers.) 

Twenty-iirst Regiment, three years' yolunteers." 

Twenty-second Battalion, three years' yolunteers. (Consolidated with 
Tenth and Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiments, three 3^ears' yolun- 
teers.) 

Twenty-third Regiment, three years' yolunteers. 

Twenty-fourth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Also known as 
Lyon Legion.) 

Twenty-tifth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Consolidated with 
the Engineer Regiment of the West to form the Eirst Engineer 
Regiment, three years' yolunteers.) 

Twenty-sixth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. 

Twenty-seyenth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. 

Twenty-seyenth Regiment, Mounted Infantry, three years' yolunteers. 
(Also known as Johnson County Home Guards.) 

Twenty-eighth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Organization not 
completed; changed to foi'm Tenth Cayalry Regiment, three years' 
yolunteers.) 

Twenty-ninth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. 

Thirtieth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Also known as Sham- 
rock Regiment.) 

Thirty-tirst Regiment, three years' yolunteers.'' 

Thirty-second Regiment, three years' yolunteers.'' 

Thirty-third Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Also known as Mer- 
chants' Regiment.) 

Thirty-fourth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Organization not 
completed; consolidated with Thirtieth Regiment.) 

Thirty-tifth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. 

Thirty-sixth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Organization not 
completed; consolidated with Thirty-second Infantry, three 3'ears' 
yolunteers.) 

Thirty-seyenth Regiment, three 3^ears' yolunteers. (Organization not 
completed; one othcer nmstered in and out of seryice; no record of 
enlisted men.) 

Thirty-eighth Regiment, three years' yolunteers. (Organization not 
completed; officers nmstered out; no record of enlisted men.) 

Thirty-ninth Regiment, six and twelye months' yolunteers. 

-' The Twentieth Regiment was not organized. The Twenty-first Eeginjent was 
formed by consolidation of the First and Second Northeast Infantry battalions, three 
yeai's' volunteers. 

'' The Thirty-first and Thirty-second Infantry, three years' volunteers, were con- 
solidated into a battalion known as the Consolidated Battalio]i, Thirty-first and 
Thirty-second Missouri Volunteers, subsequently designated the Thirty-second 
Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers. 



222 MissouEi TRoors — uis^ioisr. 

Fortieth Regiment, twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-hrst Reoiment, twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-second Reo-iment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Fort^^-third Regiment, twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-fourth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-fifth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Fort}- sixth Regiment, six months' volunteers. 

Forty-seventh Regiment, six months' volunteers. 

Forty-eighth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Forty-ninth Regiment, twelv-e months' volunteers. 

Fiftieth Regiment, six and twelve months' volunteers. 

Fift^^-lirst Regiment, twelve months' volunteers.'' 

Sixty-third Regiment, Enrolled Missouri Militia. (Four companies in 
United States service in 1804.) 

American Zouaves. .(Eighth Infantry Regiment, three years' volun- 
teers.) 

Asboth Riiies. (Second Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Bayles's Independent Company, Rifles, three months' militia, 1861. 
(Also known as Lyon Gviard.) 

Benton Cadets (regiment), three 3'ears' volunteers. 

Birge's Sharpshooters. (Fourteenth Infantry Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Black Jager. (Fourth Infantry Regiment, three months' militia, 1861.) 

Byrne's Unattached Company. Missouri State Militia. (Became Com- 
pan}^ A, First Infantry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 

Dietrich's Independent Compan}^, United States Reserve Corps, three 
years' service. 

Gasconade County Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three 
years' service. (Consolidated with the Third Infantr}^ Regiment, 
United States Reserve Corps, three years' service, to form the 
Fourth Infantry Regiment, three 3'ears' volunteers.) 

German Turners. (First Infantry Regiment, three months' militia.) 

Holman's Battalion (sharpshooters), three years' volunteers. (Con- 
solidated wdth the Twenty-sixth Infantry Regiment, three years^ 
volunteers.) 

Irish Seventh. (Seventh Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

Kansas Cit}^ Battalion, United States Reserve Corps. (Van Horn's 
Battalion. United States Reserve Corps, three years' service.) 

Kendrick Guards. (Companv I, First Infantry Regiment, Missouri 
State Militia.) 

King's Independent Company A, Railroad Patrol Guard, United States 
Reserve Corps, three years' service. (Also known as Railroad 
Patrol Guard.) 

Krekel's Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 

Lyon Guard. (Bayles's Independent Company, Rifles, three months' 
militia. 1861.) 

Lyon Legion. (Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiment, three years' vol- 
unteers.) 

Lyon Regiment. (Nineteenth Infantry Regiment, three years' volun- 
teers.) 

^ Recruiting was begun for the Fifty-Second to the Fifty-sixth Regiment, inclusive, 
but none of these regiments was completed, and the recruits were assigned to the 
Fifty-first Regiment. 



OKGAKIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 223 

Marion Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, three years' service. 
(Companies C and D became Companies D and C, respectivelv, of 
the Twenty-second Infantry Battiilion, three years' volunteers. See 
also Marion County oro-anization. Home Guards.) 

Merchants' Reg-iment. (Thirty-third Infantry Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Morgan Rangers. (Eighteenth Infantry Regiment, three years" vol- 
unteers.) 

Osterhaus's Battalion, three months' militia, 1801. (Also known as 
RiHe Battalion; attached to Second Regiment, three months' militia.) 

Phelps's Regiment, six months' volunteers. 

Railroad Patrol Guard. (King's Independent Company, United 
States Reserve Corps, three years' service.) 

Schwarze Jager. (Fourth Infantrj^ Regiment, three months' militia, 

is<;i.) 

Shamrock Regiment. (Thirtieth Infantr}^ Regiment, three years^ 
volunteers.) 

Swiss Ritles. (Fifteenth Infantry Regiment, three j^ears' volunteers.) 

Upper Thirteenth. (Thirteenth Infantr}" Regiment, old, three 3'ears' 
vohinteers.) 

Van Horn's Battalion, United States Reserve (^orps, three years' serv- 
ice. (Also known as Kansas City Battalion, United States Reserve 
Corps.) 

Western Sharpshooters. (Fourteenth Infantry Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Western Turner Rifles. (Seventeenth Infantry Regiment, three years' 
volunteers.) 

Zouaves. (Ninth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

ENGINEERS. 

First Regiment, three years' volunteers. 

Engineer Regiment of the West, three years' volunteers. (Consoli- 
dated with the Twenty -fifth Infantry Regiment, three years' volun- 
teers, to form the First Engineer Regiment, three 3"ears' volunteers.) 

PIONEERS. 

Voerster's Independent Company, three months' militia, 1861 . 

PIONEERS, SAPPERS AND MINERS. 

Gerster's Company A, three years' volunteers. (Became Companj'^ 
H, Fifth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

PONTONIERS. 

Winklemaier's Companj^ three j^ears' volunteers. (Became Company 
K, Fifth Infantry Regiment, three years' volunteers.) 

SAPPERS AND MINERS. 

Balz's Company, three 3'ears' volunteers. 

Veith's Company, Missouri State Militia. (Became Company H, First 
Infantry Regiment, Missouri State Militia.) 



224 MISSOURI TROOPS— UlS^ION. 

SAPPERS, MINERS, AND PONTONIERS. 

Voerster'.s Company, three 3^ears' volunteers, (Became Compan}' I, 
Fifth Infantry Kegiment, three years' volunteers.) 

TELEGRAPH CORPS. 

Smith's Company, three years' volunteers. 

HOME GUARDS, 1861. 
[Called into active .service and paid througli the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Commis.sion.] 

First Reg-inient, Northeast Missouri, consisting of -t cavalry and 12 
infantry companies. 

First Regiment, United States Reserve Corps. (Also known as Union 
Home Guards, and Cole Count}- Home Guards.) 

Second Regiment, Northeast Missouri. (Also known as Knox Count}^ 
Home Guards.) 

Fourteenth Battalion, Missouri Volunteers. 

Fifteenth Battalion, United States Reserve Corps. (Also known as 
Polk County Home Guards.) 

Adair County Com|)anv. (Shibley's Point Home Guards.) 

Adair County Company, commanded by Capt. James E. Gordon. 

Alexandria Home Guard Cavalry. (Companv C, First Northeast 
Missouri Regiment.) 

Benton County Battalion, commanded by Col. Henry Imhauser. (Also 
known as German Battalion.) 

Boonville Battalion Reserve Corps, commanded by Maj. Joseph A. 
Eppstein. 

Boonville Reserve Corps, Independent Company A, commanded b}- 
Capt. Joseph A. Eppstein. 

Boonville Company, commanded by Capt. Frederick W. Becker. 

Brooktield Company, commanded by Capt. Watson E. Crandall. (Also 
known as Independent Company A, Mis.souri Reserve Corps. See 
Linn County Companv.) 

Caldwell County Company, commanded by Capt. Moses L. James. 

Caldwell County Company, commanded by Capt. Ed. D. Johnson. 

Caldwell County Company (cavalry), commanded by Capt. Washing- 
ton T. Fillson. 

Caldwell County Independent Company, commanded by Capt. James 
R. Murph3\ (Shoal Creek Rangers.) 

Cape Girardeau County Battalion, commanded l^y Maj. George H. 
Cramer. 

Cape Girardeau Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. Lindsay Mur- 
doch. (Also knoAvn as Fremont Rangers Battalion.) 

Carondelet Company, Ignited States Reserve Corps, commanded b}^ 
Capt. Henry Nagel. (Also known as United State.s Reserve Corps, 
Independent Company A; became Company F, Fifth Infantr}- Regi- 
ment, United States Reserve Corps, three 3"ears' service.) 

Cass Count}- Company, commanded by Capt. Aaron Thomas. 

Christian County. (See Greene and Christian Counties organization.) 

Clinton Count}- Company, commanded by Capt. William A. Edgar. 

Clinton County Company, commanded by Capt. Hugh L. W. Rogers. 

Cole County Regiment, commanded by Col, Allen P. Richardson. 
(First United States Reserve Corps. Home Guards.) 

Dade County Company, commanded hy Capt. Theodore A. Switzler. 
(Also known as Fremont Raup-ers.) 



ORGANIZATIONS IN U. S. SERVICE. 225 

Dallas County Battalion, commanded b}^ Col. William B. Edwards. 
De Soto Company', commanded b}^ Capt. Allen Cook. (Also known 

as Jefl'erson County Company.) 
Douglas County Company (cavahy), commanded by Capt, John S. 

U pshaw. 
Franklin County Battalion, commanded by Maj. William C. Inks. 

(Pacific City Battalion.) 
Franklin County Battalion, Reserve Corps, commanded by Col. James 

W. Owens. 
Fremont Rangers, Independent Company", commanded b}- Capt. Wil- 
liam J. Budd. 
Fremont Rangers Battalion. (Cape Girardeau Battalion.) 
Fremont Rangers. (Dade County Company.) 
Gasconade County Battalion, commanded b}^ Lieut. Col. Julius 

Hundhausen. 
Gasconade County Battalion, commanded by Col. James A. Matthews. 
Gentry County Battalion, commanded by Col. Manlove Cranor. 
German Battalion. (Benton County Battalion.) 
Greene County Company, commanded by Capt. Colley B. Holland. 
Greene and Christian Counties organization, consisting of l-i companies, 

commanded by Col. John S. Phelps. 
Harrison County Regiment, commanded by Col. Henry O. Nevill. 
Hickory County Battalion, commanded ly Maj. J. B. Hastain. 
Jefferson County Company. (De Soto Company.) 
Johnson County Regiment, commanded by Col. James D. Eads.^ 
Johnson Countj^ Company, commanded by Capt. John P. McCluney. 
Knox County Regiment. (Second Regiment, Northeast Missouri 

Home Guards.) 
Lawrence Count}^ Battalion, commanded by Col. James C. Martin. 
Lawrence County Cavahy Companv, commanded by Capt. Peter F. 

Clark. 
Lawrence County Compan3^ (Stone Prairie Company.) 
Lexington County Company, commanded by Capt. Frederick R. Neet. 

(Company K, Fourteenth Battalion, Home Guards.) 
Linn County Company, commanded by Capt. Robert McCollum. 
Linn County Company. (Brooktield Compan}^) 
Livingston County Company, commanded by Capt. Peter Sutliff'. 
Marion County organization, consisting of Company A, commanded 

by Capt. Joseph Loomis, and Company B, commanded b}- Capt. 

Louis Souther. 
Missouri Reserve Corps, Independent Company^ A. (Brooktield Com- 
pany.) 
Moniteau County Compan}^ commanded by Capt. John F. Pothofl'. 
Nodaway County Battalion, commanded by Col. William J. W. Biekett. 
Osage County Battalion, commanded by Maj. Chesley Glover. 
Osage Count}^ Compan}^ B, Indej^endent, commanded by Capt. John 

B. Cooper. 

* Only the field and staff of this regiment were paid by the Hawkins Taylor Com- 
mission. The regiment became the Twenty-seventh Mounted Infantrv, three years' 
volunteers. 

^' It appears that there were four companies organized under the command of 
Maj. Josiah Hunt, but only Companies A and B were paid by the Hawkins Taylor 
Commission. Companies C and D became Companies D and 'C, respectively, of the 
Twenty-second Infantry Battalion, three years' volunteers. 

S. Doc. 412 15 



226 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Osage and Hickory County organization, consisting of 17 companies, 
commanded 1)}^ Col. Joseph W. McClurg. 

Ozark County Compan}", commanded by Capt. W. F. Martindale. 

Ozark County Company, United States Reserve Corps Cavahy, com- 
manded l)y Capt. Thomas B. S. Stone. (Also known as United 
States Reserve Corps, Company A, Ozark County.) 

Pacific City Battalion. (See Franklin County Battalion.) 

Pettis County Company, commanded by Capt. William H. Burke. 

Pettis Count}' Compan}', commanded by Capt. John P. Thatcher. 

Pettis Count}^ Detachment, Company A, conmianded by Capt. Sanuiel 
Montgomery. 

Phelps County Compan}', commanded by Capt. William Wenzel. 

Phelps County Company, comnjanded by Capt. John W. Bennight. 

Pike County Battalion, commanded by Col. George W. Anderson. 

Pilot Knob Company, conuuanded l)y Capt. Ferdinand Schmitz. 

Polk County Battalion. (Fifteenth United States Reserve Corps.) 

Potosi County Company, conmianded l)v Capt. George R. French. 

Putnam County Compan}', conmianded bv Capt. James G. Gyles. 

Putnam County Company, commanded by Capt. Hugh Roberts. 

Putnam County Company, commanded by Capt. William H. Bogle. 

Putnam County Company, commanded by Capt. S3dvester S. Collins. 

Putnam County Compan3\ (Shawneetown Company.) 

Schuyler County Company, commanded by Capt. William H. Bolander. 

Scott Countv Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, commanded by 
Maj. Daniel Abbey. 

Scouts and Guides, Independent Companv, commanded by Capt. Wil- 
liam J. Budd.^ 

Shawneetown Company, commanded by Capt. James Ewing. (See 
Putnam County C'ompany.) 

Shelby County Company, United States Reserve Corps, commanded 
by Capt. floseph 11. Forman. 

Shibley's Point Company, commanded b}' Capt. Jacob R. Cook. (See 
Adair County Company.) 

Shoal Creek Rangers, commanded by Capt. James R. Murph3^ (See 
Caldwell County Independent Company.) 

Spies, Scouts, and Messengers, Independent Company, commanded by 
Capt. John M. Richardson. "" 

St. Charles County Regiment, commanded liy Col. Arnold Krekel. 

Stone County Battalion, commanded l)y Col. Asa G. Smith. 

Stone County Companj^ Independent, commanded by Capt. James 
M. Moore. 

Stone Prairie Company, commanded by Capt. John Sexton. (Also 
known as Lawrence Count}' Compan}'.) 

Sullivan County Company, commanded bj' Capt. Victor Doze. 

Sullivan Countv Company, commanded by Capt. James W. Cooper. 

Sullivan County Company, commanded by Capt. William S. Meals. 

Sullivan County Company, commanded by Capt. Aaron P. Connaughty. 

Union Home Guards. (First United States Reserve Corps.) 

United States Reserve Corps, Independent Company A. (Carondelet 
Company.) 

United States Reserve Corps Cavalry, Compaii}^ A, Ozark Count}'. 
(Ozark County Company.) 

Webster County Battalion, commanded b}- Col. Noah FI. Hampton. 

''Though not Home Guards, this company was paid on the report of the Hawkins 



LIST OF MISSOURI ORGANIZATIONS OF MILITIA, 
CITIZEN GUARDS, AND MARINE CORPS NOT IN 
THE MILITARY SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES.* 



SIX JMONTHS MILITIA. 

First Battalion (All)iii\s). 

Second Battalion (Cox's). 

Third Regiment (Dallineyer's). 

Third Battalion (Joseph's). 

Fourth Regiment (Simpson's). 

Fourth Battalion (Thompson's), 

Fifth Regiment (Fagg-'.s). 

Sixth Regiment (Cranor's). 

Sixth Battalion (Burris's). 

Seventh Battalion (Harrison Comity). 

Albin's Battalion. (Also known as First Battalion.) 

Brewer's Independent Company. (Attached to Simpson's Regiment.) 

Burris's Battalion. (Also known as Sixth Battalion.) 

Castleman's Independent Compan3^ (Attached to Washington County 

Battalion.) 
Cox's Battalion. (Also known as Second Battalion.) 
Cochran's Independent Company C. 
Cranor's Regiment, (i^lso known as Sixth Regiment.) 
Dallmeyer's Regiment. (Also known as Third Regiment.) 
Fagg's Regiment. (Also known as Fifth Regiment.) 
Fenwick's Independent Company. (Attached to Simpson's Regiment.) 
Grundy Count}" Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. Walter King. 
Harrison County Battalion, commanded by Maj. J. W. Caseboth. 

(Also known as Seventh Battalion.) 
James's Battalion. 

Joseph's Battalion. (Also known as Third Battalion.) 
Kimball's Regiment. 
Leg's Independent Compan3\ 
Man's Independent Company. 

°^This list was compiled from the official reports of the adjutant-general of the 
State of Missouri, the records of the War Department, and the rolls filed in the office 
of the Auditor for the War Dej^artment upon which the State was reimbursed for 
expenses incurred in the organization and maintenance of its militia. Although 
based upon such data as are accessible to the War Department, it is possible that it 
does not include some organizations that were in the State service, and it is known 
that it does not include some organizations of Citizen and Home Guards which were 
not recognized either as militia of the State or as in the service of the United States. 
The records of these organizations are very meager, especially of those formed in 
1861 which were not paid through the agency of the Hawkins Taylor Commission. 

''The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed 
in the office of the Auditor for the War Department. 

227 



228 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION 

Mercer County Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. James J.Clark. 

Murdock's Independent Company. 

Rice's Independent Company, Light A^tille^3^ (Attached to Fagg\s 

Regiment.) 
Richardson's Battalion. 

Simpson's Regiment. (Also known as Fourth Regiment.) 
Thompson's Battalion. (Also known as Fourth Battalion.) 
Turley's Independent Company. 

Washington County Battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. F. B. Elmer. 
Wayne County Cavahy Company, commanded b}^ Capt. P. L. Powers. 

ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA." 

First Regiment.'' 

First St. Louis County Cavalry Battalion. 

Second to Thirteenth Regiment, inclusive. 

Sixteenth and Seventeenth regiments. 

Nineteenth and Twentieth regiments. 

Twenty-second to Twenty-fourth Regiment, inclusive. 

Twenty-tifth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 3 addi- 
tional companies. 

Twenty-sixth Regiment. 

Twenty-seventh Regiment, including an additional attached company. 

Twenty-eighth Regiment, including an attached Ijattalion of 2 addi- 
tional companies. 

Twenty-ninth to Thirty-ninth Regiment, inckisive. 

Fortieth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 3 additional 
companies. 

Forty-first and Forty-second regiments. 

Forty-third Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Forty-fourth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Forty-fifth to Fifty-ninth Regiment, inclusive. 

Sixtieth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Sixty-tirst and Sixty-second regiments. 

Sixty-third Regiment, including an" additional attached company.*^ 

Sixty-fourth Regiment, including an attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Sixty-hfth to Sixty-eighth Regiment, inclusive. 

Sixty-ninth Regiment, including an attached battalion bf 2 additional 
companies. 

Seventieth Regiment. 

Seventj-first Regiment, including an attached battalion of 5 additional 
companies. 

Seventy- second and Seventj^-third regiments. 

Seventy-fourth Regiment, includingan attached battalion of 2 additional 
companies. 

Seventy-fifth to Eighty-ninth Regiment, inclusive. 

" The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed 
in the office of the Auditor for the War Department. 

^ Three companies of the First Regiment were mustered into the United States 
service in 1864 for thirty days. 

"Four companies of the Sixty-third Regiment were mustered into the United 
States service in 1864 for thirty days. 



0RGA.1SIZATI0NS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 229 

AUensville Company (unattached), commanded hy Capt. David Fonts. 
Andrew County Battalion (name of battalion commander not ascer- 
tained). 
Bollinger County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John R. 

Cochran. 
Bollinger Count}' Company (unattached), commanded b\' Capt. James 

Johnson. 
Bollinger Count}" Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. George 

W. Reynold. 
Bollinger Count}' Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. James 

Rogers. 
Buchanan County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. G. E. 

Landry. 
Buchanan Countv Companv (unattached), commanded by Capt. William 

Randall. 
Callaway County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Hiram 

Cornell. 
Callaway County Company (unattached), originally commanded by 

Capt. William T. Snell, subsequently by Capt. Isaac T. Snedecor. 
Cass County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. Alexander 

Robinson. 
Clay County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John A^^ 

Younger. 
Howard Comity Battalion, coumianded by Maj. Benjamin Reeves. 
Independence Company A, Home Guards, commanded by Capt. Peter 

Hinter. 
Independence Company A, Citizen Home Guards, commanded by Capt. 

Peter Hinter. 
Independence Company B, Citizen Home Guards, commanded ])y Capt. 

Francis Little. 
Independence Company, commanded by First Lieut. William N. O. 

Monroe. (Also known as Wayne City Independent Company.) 
Iron County Company (unattached), couunanded by Capt. Joseph 

A\'ilson. 
Iron Mountain Railroad Company (unattached), commanded l)y Capt. 

John Buchanan. 
Iron Mountain Railroad Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. 

Phineas J. Warren. 
Maries County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. John M. 

Beezley. 
Maries County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. V. G. 

Latham. 
Meramec Iron Works Company, commanded by Lieut. Thomas J. 

Griffith. (Attached to Sixty -third Regiment.) 
Mississippi County Battalion, commanded l)y Col. Henry J. Deal. 

(Consolidated with the Seventy-ninth Regiment.) 
Mississippi County Company (unattached), connnanded by Capt. Edwin 

P. Diehl. (Became Company A, Seventy-ninth Regiment.) 
Mississippi. County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. L. W. 

Pritchett. (Became Company B, Seventy-ninth Regiment.) 
Montgomery's Company (unattached). 
New Madrid County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. H. A. 

Applegate. 
New Aladrid County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. 

Samuel Coleman. 



280 MISSOURI TROOPS — UNioisr. 

Pike County Battalion (name of battalion commander not ascertained). 

Platte Count}^ Company Railroad Guards (unattached), conmianded by 
Capt. John S. Kelloo-g. 

Randolph County Company (unattached), commanded bv Capt, John 
A. Hix. 

Randolph County Company (unattached), connnanded by Capt. Silas 
Rice. 

Ravenna Battalion, commanded by C*apt. John O. Williams. (Attached 
to Forty-fourth Regiment). 

St. Louis County Company (unattached), City Post Band, commanded 
by Capt. Frank Boehm. 

St. Louis County Company (unattached), Corps of Detectives, com- 
manded by Capt. George Deagle. 

St. Louis County Company (unattached). Old Guard, commanded by 
Capt. N. H. Clark. 

St. Louis County Company (unattached), cavalry, commanded b}- Capt. 
Frederick Walter. 

St. Louis Police Battalion, connnanded by Maj. J. E. D. Couzens. 

Scott County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. James T. 
Anderson. 

Scott County Company (unattached), commanded by Capt. William W. 
Campbell. 

Scott County Company (unattached), connnanded by Capt. Samuel 
Tanner. 

Wayne City Independent Company, Independence Company, com- 
manded b}^ First Lieut. William N. O. Monroe. 

PROVISIONAL ENROLLED MISSOURI :MILITIA.'' 

[Organized under authority of the governor of the State, dated February 3, 1863.] 

First to Eleventh Regiment, inclusive.'* 
Company I), Twenty-sixth Regiment. 

PROVISIONAL ENROLLED IVIILITIA. 

[Organized under General Orders, No. 107, headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated June 28, 

1804.] » 

Anderson's Company. 

Babcoke's Compan3\ 

Baker's Company. 

Baskins's Company. 

Beden's Company. 

Bingham's Company. 

Bollinger's Company. 

Boyd's Company. 

Bray's Compan3\ 

Brown's Company. 

Car roth e rs's Com pan y . 

Castor's Company. 

Dawson's Company (originally McCaslen's), 

Day's Company. 

Dietrich's Compan3^ 

^ The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed in 
the office of the Auditor for the "War Department. :::" 

^ The Sixth and Seventh regiments were mustered ,into^the service of the United 
States for the period of twenty months, and became the Sixteenth and Fifteenth 
regiments, Missouri Cavalry, respectively. 



ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 231 

Ferguson's Company. 

Filson's Company. 

Fink's Company. 

Foster's Company. 

Frazer's Company. 

Gaddy's Company. 

Garth's Company. 

Gatzweller's Company. 

Green's Company. 

Hale's Company. 

Harris's Company, commanded by Capt.;A. J. hLariis. 

Harris's Company, commanded by Capt.^John A. Harris. 

Hart's Company. 

Hart wig's Company (artillery). 

Holland's Company. 

Hoover's Company. 

Hume's Company. . , . -x x. 

Johnson's Company, commanded by Capt. Abraham Johnson. 

Johnson's Company, commanded by Capt. Henry D. Johnson. 

Kendrick's Company. 

Legg's Company. 

Lennon's Company. 

Long's Company. 

Mace's Company. ^ 

McCaslen's Company (finally Dawson s). 

McNeill's Company. 

McNutt's Company. 

Major's Company. 

Mason's Company. 

Mayo's C'ompany. 

Miller's Company. 

Morehouse's Company. 

Morris's Company. 

Newman's Company. 

Pahr.er's Company. 

Parpam's Company. 

Finger's Company. 

Pwiehaus's Company. 

Rallston's Company. 

Real's Company. 

Renshaw's Company. 

Schelsky's Company. 

Shoemaker's Company. 

Spickard's Company. 

Steines's Company. 

Wehde's Company. 

Winters's Company. 

MISSOURI MILITIA.' 

[Organized under General Order., No. 3, headquarters State of Missouri, dated January 30, 1805.] 

Audrain County Company, commanded by First Lieut. John L. 

Mitchell. 
Babcoke's Comp any. ^ 

a The rolls upon which the State was reimbursed for expenses incurred are filed in 
the office of the Auditor for the War Department. 



232 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Bates County Compan}^ commanded bj^ First Lieut. John Atkinson. 
Benton County Company, commanded by First Lieut. John CosgTOve. 
Bollinger County Company, commanded by Capt. John R. Cochran. 
Boone County Company, commanded by Capt. Henry N. C'ook. 
Boone Count}^ Platoon, commanded M' First Lieut. D. P. J. Dozier. 
Bridges North Missouri Railroad Company, commanded by Capt. 

Luman W. Stor3^ 
Callaway County Companj^, commanded by First Lieut. William H. 

Thomas. 
Camden County Companj^ commanded bj' Capt. Henr}'^ G. Bollinger. 
Cape Girardeau County Company, commanded by Capt. Ezra King. 
Carroll and Livingston Counties Company, commanded by First Lieut. 

Daniel Hoover. 
Cass County Company, commanded b}^ First Lieut. Joseph Burk. 
Chariton County Company, commandt^l ))y Capt. Peter R. Dolman. 
Christian County Companj", commanded by First Lieut. T. J. Gideon. 
J Clay County Company, commanded by Capt. Robert McMillan. 
Cla}' and Clinton Counties Company, commanded by Capt. John W. 

Younger. 
Cooper County Company, commanded l>y Capt. George Miller. 
Cooper and ]\Ionitean Counties Company, conunanded by Capt. John 

B. Calhoun. 
Crawford Count}^ Company', commanded by Capt. N. G. Clark. 
Dent County Company, commanded ])v Ca]it. G. A. Kenamore. 
Dunklin Countv Company, commanded b}^ First Lieut. William L. 

White. 
Henry and Bates Counties Company, conunanded by Capt. William 

Weaver. 
Howard County Company, conmianded by Capt. William R. Forl)es. 
Howard Count}- Company', commanded by Capt. Warren W. Harris. 
Jackson Count}' Company, commanded by Capt. William S. Smith. 
Jasper Countv Companv, comnianded l)y First Lieut. Lyman J. 

Burch. 
Johnson County Company, commanded Ijy Capt. William E. Chester. 
La Fayette County Company, commanded by First Lieut. R. W. P. 

Mooney. 
Lincoln County Company, commanded by Capt. John M. Reed. 
Linn County Company, conunanded hy First Lieut. B. F. Carter. 
Linn County Company, commanded l)y Capt. Rice Morris. 
Livingston County Company, commanded by First Lieut. A. J. 

Boucher. 
Macon County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Robert Davis. 
Miller County Company, commanded by Capt. John B. Salsman. 
Mississippi Count}- Company, comiuanded by Capt. John A. Rice. 
Montgomery and Warren Counties Company, conmianded by Capt. S. 

W. Hopkins. 
Morgan County Company, commanded by Capt. R. P. Ruley. 
Newton County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Samuel 

Achord. 
Osage and Maries Counties Company, commanded by Capt. James M. 

Dennis. 
Ozark and Douglas Counties Company, commanded bv Capt. Charles 

K. Ford. 
Pacific Railroad Company, commanded by Capt. H. P. Dow. 
Perry County Company, commanded by Capt. Hiram Minor. 



ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 233 

Pettisi County Company, commanded by Capt. H. C. Donnohue. 

Pike Count}' Company, conmianded by Capt. ^Mlliam KeiT. 

Platte County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Franklin 

Luthe\'. 
Pulaski and Texas Counties Company, commanded by Capt. Richard 

Murphy. 
Ealls, ^lonroe, and Marion Counties Company, commanded by First 

Lieut. Henry C. Gentry. 
Randolph County Company, commanded by Capt. Alexander Denny. 
Randolph Count}' Company, commanded by Capt. Charles F. Mayo. 
Rav and Caldwell Counties Company, commanded by Capt. Clavton 
^ tiffin. 

St. Clair County Company, commanded l\v Capt. Benjamin F. Cook. 
St. Francois County Company, commanded l)v First Lieut. F. A. 

Millert. 
Ste. Genevieve County Companv, commanded bv First Lieut. David 

Flood. 
Saline County Company, commanded by Capt, John S. Grain. 
Southwest Branch Pacific Railroad Company, commanded by Capt. 

Thomas Thomas. 
Stoddard County Company, commanded by First Lieut. Louis M. 

Ringer. 
Stoddard and Dunklin Counties Company, commanded by Capt. J. C. 

Thompson. 
Stone County Company, commanded by Capt. Patrick C. Berry. 
Taney County Company, commanded by Capt. William L. Fenex. 
Wright County Company, commanded by Capt. Thomas K. Paul. 

MISSOURI MILITIA.' 

[Organized under the ordinance of the State Convention of April 8, 1865.] 

First to Third Regiment, inclusive. 

First to Third Battalion, inclusive. 

Fourth and Fifth regiments. 

Fifth Battalion. 

Sixth Regiment. 

Sixth Battalion. 

Eighth to Eighty-foui'th Regiment, inclusive. 

Benton Barracks Battalion, commanded 1)y Maj. John \\\ McHarg. 

Clark County Company (unattached), conuuancled by Capt. D. A. Day. 

Fletcher Guards Company (unattached), conmianded by Capt. S. W. 

Hammack. 
National Guard Regiment of St. Louis, commanded by Col. H. Klein- 

schmidt. 

CITIZEN GUARDS.^' 

First Regiment, Militia Exempts. 
First Battalion, Militia Exempts. 

* Rolls of these organizations are doubtless filed in the office of the adjutant-seneral 
of the State. None are filed in the War Department or in the office of the Auditor 
for the War Department. 

''The rolls of the few organizations of Citizen Guards mentioned in this list that 
were rpcognized and paid by the State, and for which the State was reimbursed by 
the United States, are filed in the office of the Auditor for the Wai- Department, as 
are also those of the few companies (Hickman ]\rills Companies, Kansas City Station 
Guards and Westport Police Guards) that were paid through special legislation by 
Congress. Such rolls as are known to be in existence, of the organizations not paid 
either by the State or the United States, are filed in the War Department. 



234 MISSOURI TROOPS UlSriOJS". 

Second Regiment, Militia Exempts. 

Second Battalion, Militia Exempts (colored). 

Third Regiment, Militia Exempts. 

Third Battalion, Militia Exempts (unorganized). 

Foiu'th Regiment, Militia Exempts. 

Fifth Regiment, Militia Exempts. 

Allen's Company. 

Asher's Company, 

Baker's Company. 

Baldwin's Compan3\ 

Bale's Company. 

Beaty's Company (Carroll County Guards). 

Beesley's Company.^ 

Berry's Company. 

Berryman's Company. 

Birchtield's Company. 

Black's Company. 

Bogard Guards (Wells's Company). 

Brown's Company, commanded l)y Capt. James H. Brown. 

Brown's Company-, commanded l)}^ Capt. Josiah Brown. 

Burkler's Company. 

Calhoun Guards (Squire's Compan}'). 

Carroll County Guards (Beaty's Companj^). 

Cavness's Company. 

Cleveland's Compan3\ 

Cole's Company. 

Copenhav er's Compan3\ 

Davis's Company. 

Deegan's Company. 

Derrick's Company. 

Devinny's Company. 

Dillon's Company. 

Donnohue's Company. 

Dorman's Company. 

Eato n's Company . "'' 

Ellis's Company. 

Eneberg's Company. 

Ewing's Company. 

Fisher's Company." 

Foster's Company. 

Freeman's Company. 

Good's Company. 

Gorrell's Company. 

Gould's Compan3\ 

Grayson's Company. 

Grover's Company." 

Harrison's Company.'' 

Harrisonville Compan\^, commanded b}" Capt. Alexander Robinson.'' 

Harrisonyille Company, commanded by Capt. Elias P. West.'^ 

^ Organization not confirmed. 

^Tliere is official evidence that this company was in existence, but no rolls of 
the organization have been found. 

" Recognized by State authorities as an independent company, Enrolled ^Missouri 
Militia. 

■^Recognized by State authorities as Company K, Seventy-seventh Enrolled 
Missouri Militia. 



ORGANIZATIONS NOT IN U. S. SERVICE. 235 

Hatton'.s Compan3\ 

Hays's Company. 

Heismeir's Companj'. 

Henderson's Compan3\ 

Hickman Mills Compan}', commanded by First Lieut. Jacob Axline. 

Hickman Mills Compan}^ of Mounted Men, commanded by Capt. David 

Tate. 
Hoge's Company. 
Hollanbeck's Compan3^ 
Holt's Company. 
Hudson's Company. 
Independence Company A, Home Guard, Enrolled Missouri Militia, 

commanded by Capt. Peter Hinter.''' 
Independence Company A, Citizen Home Guards, commanded by 

Capt. Peter Hinter.'^ 
Independence Company' B, Citizen Home Guards, Missouri Militia, 

commanded by Capt. Francis Little.^ 
Independence Company', commanded bj^ First Lieut. William N. O. 

Monroe. (Also known as Waj^ne City Independent Company.)'"' 
Isrig'g-'s Company.*^ 

Jennings's Company, commanded b}" Capt. Jesse Jennings. 
Jennings's Company, commanded by Capt. William Jennings. 
Johnson's Company. 

Jones's Compan}', commanded by (^apt. Daniel S. Jones. 
Jones's Company, commanded by Capt. James M. Jones. 
Kansas City Guards (Militia), Company E, commanded by Capt. 

Peter Causey. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Company A, commanded hj Capt. Caleb 

A. Carpenter. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Companj^ A (Independent), commanded 

by Capt. Caleb A. Carpenter. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Company B, Missouri State Militia, 

commanded by Capt. James Hickman. 
Kansas Cit}" Station Guards, Company B, commanded by Capt. Rufus 

Montgall. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Company C, commanded by Capt. Jesse P. 

Alexander. 
Kansas Citv Station Guards, Companv D, commanded bv First Lieut. 

William J. Gault. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Compan}^ D, commanded b}' Capt. B. 

F. Newgent. 
Kansas City Station Guards, Company D, commanded by Capt. B. 

L. Riggins. 
Kansas Citv Station Guards, Companj^ E, commanded bv Capt. 

William O. Shouse. 
Key's Company.'' 
Kirby's Company. 
^ Lower's Company. 
McBride's Company. 
McMahan's Company. 
Mahnken's Company. 
Martin's Company. 

^Recognized by State authorities as an independent companv, Enrolled Missouri 
Militia. 

^ Organization not confirmed. 



236 MISSOURI TROOPS UNION. 

Middleton's Compan3\'' 

Miller's Company, B, Jefferson City Citizens' Guard. 

Mitchell's Company, commanded by Capt. E. G. Mitchell. 

Mitchell's Company, commanded by Capt. William A. Mitchell. 

Mizell's Company. 

Morgan's Compan\\ 

Murray's Company, commanded by Capt. W. V. Murray. 

Murray's Company, commanded by Capt. William W. Murray. 

Norris's Company. 

Parazett's Company. 

Parker's Company'. 

Pitts's Company. 

Pleasant Hill Company', commanded by Capt. Andrew Allen.'' 

Porter's Company. 

Potter's Company, commanded by Capt. James M. Potter. 

Potter's Company, commanded b}' Capt. Thomas P. Potter. 

Preston's Company. 

Price's Company. 

Reeves's Compan3^'^ 

Robinson's Compan3^ 

Samples's Company. 

Seaton's Company'. 

Smith's Company." 

Sorrell's Company. 

Squires's Company (Calhoun Guards). 

Stark's Company. 

Stemons's Company. 

Tag'gart's Company. 

Thompson's Compan3^ 

Tinken's Company. 

Turner's Compan3\ 

Tutt's Company. 

Tyre's Company.* 

Walde's Company. 

WalTs Company. 

Ward's Compan}'. 

Wear's Compan3\ 

Wehde's Company. 

Wells's Company (Bogard Guards). 

Westport Police Guard, commanded b}^ Capt. William A. Beyis. 

Whelchel's Company. 

Whitaker's Company. 

Williams's Compan}". 

Yanc^^'s Company. 

Zeiler's Company, 

MARINE CORPS.'' 

First to Third Companj^, inclusiye. 

* Organization not confirmed. 

''Recognized by State authorities as Company I, Seventy-seventh Enrolled Mis- 
souri Militia. 

''The rolls of the Marine Corps are filed in the War Department, but the rolls upon 
which payment was made by the Quartermaster's Department are filed in the office 
of the Auditor for the War Department. 



CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 



In order that the .statu.s of the Missouri troops in the service of the 
State and of the Confederate States daring the civil war may be fully 
understood, it appears to be necessary to advert to the political rela- 
tions of the State as maintained by the State government in atiiliation 
with the Confederate States as distinguished from the government 
that represented the State as a member of the Federal Union. 

That the State legislature in existence at the outbreak of hostilities 
was opposed to the coercion of the seceding States is shown by joint 
resolutions adopted at its regular session in Februar}^, 1861, in which 
it was declared to be the opinion of the general assembly that in the 
event of the invasion of the slave States the people of Missouri would 
instantly rally in defense of their Southern brethren. Following is a 
copy of the resolutions: 

JOINT RESOLUTION ON THE SUBJECT OF COERCION. 

Whereas, we have learned, with profound regret, that the States of New York and 
Ohio have recently tendered men and money to the President of the United States 
for the avowed purpose of coercing certain sovereign States of the South which have 
seceded, or may secede, from the Federal Union, into obedience to the Federal Gov- 
ernment: Therefore, 

Resolved by the House of ReiJresentatives, the Senate concurring therein, That we regard 
with the utmost abhorrence the doctrine of coercion as indicated by the action of 
the States aforesaid, believing that the same would result in civil war, and forever 
destroy any hope of reconstructing the Federal Union. So believing, we deem it our 
duty to declare that if there is any invasion of the slave States for the jiurpose of 
carrying such doctrine into effect, it is the opinion of this general assembly that the 
people of Missouri will instantly rally on the side of their Southern brethren, to 
resist the invaders at all hazards and to the last extremity. 

Resolced, That the g(jvernor of the State be requested to transmit to the governors 
of New York and Ohio the above resolutions. 

Approved, February 21, 1861. 

[Laws of the State of Missouri, Regular Session, Twenty-first General Assembly, 
p. 773.] 

In a proclamation dated June 12, 1861, calling the militia into the 
active service of the State for the purpose of repelling invasion, and 
for other purposes, Governor Jackson said of the political relations of 
the State: 

In issuing this iiroclamation I hold it to be my solemn duty to remind you that 
Missouri is still one of the United States; that the executive department of the State 
government does not arrogate to itself the power to disturb that relation; that that 
power has been wisely vested in a convention, which will at the proper time express 
your sovereign will, and that meanwhile it is your duty to obey all the constitutional 
requirements of the Federal Government; but it is equally my duty to advise you 
that your first allegiance is due to your own State, and that you are under no oliliga- 
tion whatever to obey the unconstitutional edicts of the military despotism which 
has enthroned itself at Washington, nor to submit to the infamous and degrading 
swaj- of its wicked minions in this State. 

fOfficial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 
698.] 

On August 8, 1861, writing from Memphis, Tenn., to Hon. E. C. 
Cabell, Governor Jackson -referred to a "declaration of independence " 

239 



240 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

issued by him on the 5th of Aug-ust (Official Records of the Union 
and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. (Jyy). No official record 
of this proclamation has been discovered, but it is published in Moore's 
"Rebellion Record;" and as it gives at length the views of the governor 
as to the political status of the State and his reasons and authority for 
declaring- it a "sovereign, free, and independent republic." with full 
power to levy war, coiitract alliances, and "' do all other acts and things 
which independent States ma}" of right do,'' it is here quoted in full: 

In the exercise of the right reserved to the people of Missouri by the treatj' under 
which the United States acquired the temporary dominion of the country west of the 
Mississiiii)i River, in trust for the several sovereign States afterwards to be formed out 
of it, that people did, on the twelfth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and 
twenty, "mutually agree to form and establish a free and independent republic by 
the name of the State of Missouri." On the tenth day of August, eighteen hundred 
and twenty-one, tlie State was ciuly admitted into the Union of the United States of 
America, under the couipact called the Constitution of the United States, and "on 
equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever." The freedom, inde- 
pendence, and sovereignty of ^slissouri, and her equality with the other States of the 
Union, were thus guaranteed not only by that Constitution, but by the laws of nations 
requiring the sacred observance of treaties. 

In repeated instances the Government and i^eople of the States now remaining in 
that Union have grossly violated, in their conduct toward the people and State of 
Missouri, both the Constitution of the United States and that of Missouri, as well as 
the general, great, and essential principles of liberty and free government. Their 
President, Abraham Lincoln, in avowed defiance of law and the Constitution of the 
United States, and under the tyrant's jilea of necessity, has assumed to regulate com- 
merce with foreign nations and among the several States, stopping by violence our 
trade with our Southern neighbors, and depriving our citizens of the right secured to 
them by a special solemn compact with the United States to the free navigation of the 
Mississippi River. He has usurped powers granted exclusively to Congress in declar- 
ing war against the Confederate States; to carry on this unholy attempt to reduce a 
free people into slavish subjection to him he has, in violation of the Constitution, 
raised and supported armies and provided and maintained a Nav^^ 

Regardless of the right reserved to the States, resi)ectively, of training the militia 
and appointing its offiVers, he has enlisted and armed, contrary to law, under the name 
of Home Guards, whole regiments of men, foreigners and others, in our State to defy 
the constitutional authorities and plunder and murder our citizens. By armed force 
and actual bloodshed he has even attempted to deprive the people of their right to 
keep and bear arms, in conformity to the State laws, and to form a well-regulated 
militia necessary to the set'urity of a free State. With his sanction his soldiers have 
been quartered in houses without the consent of the owners thereof and without any 
authority of law\ The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures has been habitually and grossly 
violated Ijy his officers acting under his orders. He has utterly ignored the binding 
force of our constitutional State laws, and carried his insolence to such an extent as 
to introduce from other States free negroes into our midst, and place them in ])ositions 
of authority over our white citizens. 

He has encourageil the stealing of our slave property. In these and other proceed- 
ings the Government and people of the Northern States have unmistakably shown 
their intention to overturn the social institutions of ^Missouri and reduce her white 
citizens to an equality with the blacks. In the execution of his despotic wishes his 
agents, without even rebuke from him, have exhibited a brutality scarcely credible 
of a nation pretending to civilization. Even women and children of tender age have 
fallen victims to the unbridled license of his unfeeling soldiery. He has avowedly 
undertaken to make the civil power subordinate to the military; and with the despic- 
able and cowardly design of thus protecting himself and his accomplices, In' binding 
the consciences of the unhappy victims of his tyranny, he has exacted from jieaceful 
citizens, guilty of no crime, an oath to support his detestable Government. To crush 
out even peaceful and lawful opposition to it, he has forcibly and unconstitutionally 
suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, and abridged the freedom of 
speech and of the press bj'^ subjecting innocent citizens to punishment for mere 
opinion's sake, and by preventing the publication of newspapers independent enough 
to expose his treason to lil>erty. 

These manifold and inhuman wrongs were long submitted to in patience and almost 
in humility by the people of Missouri and their authorities. Even when tlie conduct 
of the Lincoln Government had culminated in an open war upon us those authorities 
offered to its military commander in Missouri to refer to the people of the State for 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 241 

, decision of the question of our separation from a Government and nation thus openly 
hostile to us. Those authorities relied on the principles consecrated in the Declara- 
tion of Independence of the United States that to secure the rights of citizens "gov- 
ernments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of 
the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these 
ends it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new govern- 
ment, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form 
as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." Missouri 
having an admitted equality with the original States which had made this declaration, 
it was hoped that the rights therein asserted would not be denied to her people. 

Her authorities also relied on the clause in the very constitution with which she 
was admitted into the Union, asserting as one of the general, great, and essential 
principles of liberty and free government "that the people of this State have the 
inherent, sole, and exclusive right of regulating the internal government and police 
thereof, and oi altering and abolishing their constitution and form of government 
whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness." But this military 
commander haughtily refused the consent of his Government to the exercise by us of 
these rights, which our ancestors in the last century endured an eight years' war to 
vindicate. He but expressed, however, the deliberate purpose of his masters at 
Washington, and the people over which they rule, for his predecessor at St. Louis 
had, a few weeks before, formally proclaimed to our people that our equality with 
the other States would be ignored; that we should be held in subjection to the North, 
even though the independence of our Southern sister States might be acknowledged; 
that, to use his own words, "whatever may be the termination of the unfortunate 
condition of things in respect to the so-called cotton States, Missouri must share the 
destiny of the Union;" that the free will of her people shall not decide her future, 
but that "the whole power of the Government of the United States, if necessary, 
will be exerted to maintain Missouri in the Union " in subjection to the tyranny of 
the North. 

The acts of President Lincoln have been indorsed by the Congress and people of 
the Northern States, and the war thus commenced by him has been made the act of 
the Government and nation over which he rules. They have not only adopted this 
war, but they have gone to the extreme of inciting portions of our people to revolt 
against the State authorities; by intimidation they have obtained control of the rem- 
nant left of a convention deriving its powers from those authorities, and, using it as 
a tool, they have through it set up an insurrectionary government in open rebellion 
against the State. No alternative is left us; we must draw the sword and defend our 
sacred rights. 

By the recognized universal public law of all the earth war dissolves all political 
compacts. Our forefathers gave as one of their grounds for asserting their inde- 
pendence that the King of Gi'eat Britain had " abdicated government here by declar- 
ing us out of his protection and waging war upon us." The people and Government 
of the Northern States of the late Union have acted in the same manner toward Mis- 
souri, and have dissolved by war the connection heretofore existing between her and 
them. 

The general assembly of Missouri, the' recognized political department of her gov- 
ernment, by an act approved May 10, 1861, entitled " An act to authorize the gov- 
ernor of the State of Missouri to suppress rebellion and repel invasion," has vested 
in the governor, in respect to the rebellion and invasion now carried on in Missouri 
by the Government and people of the Northern States and their allies, the authority , 
" to take such measures as in his judgment he may deem necessary or projser to repel 
such invasion or put down such rebellion." 

Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority in me vested by said act, I, Claiborne F. 
Jackson, governor of the State of Missouri, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the 
world for the rectitude of my intentions, and firmly believing that 1 am herein carrying 
into effect the will of the people of Missouri, do hereby, in their name, by their 
authority, and on their behalf, and subject at all times to their free and unbiased con- 
trol, make and publish this provisional declaration, that by the acts, and people, and 
Government of the United States of America, the political connection heretofore 
existing between said States and the people and government of Missouri is, and ought 
to be, totally dissolved; and that the State of Missouri, as a sovereign, free, and inde- 
pendent republic, has full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, estab- 
lish commerce, and do all other acts and things which independent States may of 
right do. 

Published and declared at New Madrid, Missouri, this fifth day of August, in the 
year of our Lord eighteen hundred and sixty-one. 

Claiborne F. Jackson, Governor of Missouri. 

[Moore's Rebelhon Record, Vol. II, Docs., pp. 479-481.] 
S. Doc. 412 16 



242 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

A provisional declaration to the same effect was issued l\y Lieutenant- 
Governor Reynolds on the 31st of July, 1861, which it is not deemed 
necessarj^ here to record. 

By an act of the Confederate Cong-ress approved August 20, 1861, 
provision was made for aidino- the State of Missouri in repelling inva- 
sion by the United States and to authorize the admission of the State 
as a member of the Confederate States of America. The act also pro- 
vided for an alliance, otiensive and defensive, between the Confederate 
States and the State of Missouri, as a preliminary to the admission of 
the State as a member of the Confederacy. That portion of the act 
relating- to admission and the proposed alliance is here quoted: 

AN ACT to aid the State of Missouri in repelling invasion by tlie United States, and to authorize the 

admission of said State as a member of the Confederate States of America, and for other purposes. 

******* 

Sec. 2. That the State of Missouri shall be admitted a member of the Confederate 
States of America, upon an equal footing with the other States, un<ier the constitu- 
tion for the provisional government of the same, upon the condition that the said con- 
stitution for the provisional government of the Confederate States shall be adopted 
and ratified by the properly and legally constituted authorities of said State; and the 
governor of said State shall transmit to the President of the Confederate States an 
authentic copy of the proceedings touching said adoption and ratification by said State 
of said provisional constitution; upon the receipt whereof the President, by procla- 
mation, shall announce the fact; whereupon and without any further proceedings 
upon the part of Congress the admission of said State of Missouri into this confed- 
eracy under said constitution for the provisional government of the Confederate States 
shall be considered as complete; and the laws of this Confederacy shall be thereby 
extended over said State of Missouri as fully and completely as over other States now 
composing the same. 

Sec. 3. That the Congress of the Confederate States recognize the government of 
which Claiborne F. Jackson is the chief magistrate to be the legally elected and reg- 
ularly constituted government of the people and State of IMissouri, and that the 
President of the Confederate States be, and he is hereljy, empowered, at his discre- 
tion, at any time i^rior to the admission of said State as a member of this Confed- 
eracy, to perfect and proclaim an alliance, offensive and defensive, with the said 
government, limited to the period of the existing war between this Confederacy and 
the United States, the said treaty or alliance to be in force from the date thereof and 
until the same shall be disafhrmed or rejected l)y this Congress. 

Approved, August 20, 1861. 

[Official Kecords of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series IV, Vol. I, p. 576.] 

Following this enactment, on September 26, 1861, Governor Jack- 
son appointed Edward Carrington Cabell and Thomas L. Snead com- 
missioners on the part of the State of Missouri to enter into a treaty of 
alliance, offensive and defensive, with the Government of the Confed- 
erate States. Following is a copy of the appointment: 

Executive Department, State of Missouri: 

Know all men by these presents, that I, Claiborne F. Jackson, governor of the State 
of Missouri, do hereby nominate, constitute, and appoint Edward Carrington Cabell and 
Thomas L. Snead commissioners on the part of the State of Missouri, to negotiate, enter 
into, perfect, and make a treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, with the Government 
of the Confederate States of America, limited to the existing war between said Confed- 
eracy and the United States, which said treaty of alliance shall be in force from the 
date thereof and until the same shall be disaffirmed or anulled by the parties thereto, 
hereby giving to the said commissioners, or to either of them, if the other shall from 
any cause be unable to act, full and complete powers in the premises, and hereby ratify- 
ing and confirming all that they may do in the execution of the above-granted powers. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name and caused to be affixed the 
great seal of the State of Missouri. 

Done this 26th day of September, A. D. 1861, and of the independence of the 
State of Missouri the forty-first, at Lexington, in said State. 

C. F. Jackson. 

By the Governor: 

B. F. Massey, Secretary of State. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 751.] 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 243 

Pursuant to the provisions of the act of the Confederate Congress, 
quoted above, a convention was entered into between the Confederate 
States and the State of Missouri October 31, 18B1, as follows: 

CONVENTION between the Confederate States of America and the. State of Missouri. 

Whereas, it is the common desire of the Confederate States of America and the 
State of Missouri that said State should become a member of the Confederacy; and 

Whereas, the accompHshment of their purpose is now prevented by an armed inva- 
sion of the territory of said State by the United States; and 

Whereas, the interests of both demand that they should make common cause in 
the war waged by the United States against the liberties of both: 

Now, therefore, for these most desirable objects the president of the Confederate 
States of America has conferred full powers on R. M. T. Hunter, their secretary of 
state, and the executive power of the State of Missouri on Edward Carrington Cabell 
and Thomas L. Snead, who, after having exchanged their said full powers in due 
and proper form, have agreed to the following articles: 

Article I. The State of ^Missouri shall be admitted into said Confederacy on an 
equal footing with the other States composing the same on the fulfillment of the con- 
ditions set forth in the second section of the act of congress of the Confederate States 
entitled "An act to aid the State of Missouri in repelling invasion by the United 
States, and to authorize the admission of said State as a member of the Confederate 
States of America, and for other purjioses," approved August 20, 1861. 

Art. II. Until said State of Missouri shall become a member of said Confederacy 
the whole military force, material of war, and military operations, offensive and 
defensive, of said State shall be under the chief control and direction of the president 
of the Confederate States, upon the same basis, principles, and footing as if said State 
were now and during the interval a member of said Confederacy, the said force, 
together with that of the Confederate States, to be employed for their common 
defense. 

Art. III. The State of ]Missouri will, whenever she becomes a member of said 
Confederacy, turn over to said Confeclerate States all the public property, naval 
stores, and munitions of war of which she may then be in possession acquired from 
the United States (excepting the public lands) on the same terms and in the same 
manner as the other States of said Confederacy have done in like cases. 

Art. IV. All expenditures for the prosecution of the existing war incurred by the 
State of Missouri from and after the date of the signing of this convention shall be 
met and provided for by the Confederate States. 

Art. V. The alliance hereby made between the said Confederate States and the 
State of Missouri shall be offensive and defensive, and shall be and remain in force 
during the continuance of the existing war with the United States, or until super- 
seded by the admission of said State into the Confederacy, and shall take effect 
from the date thereof, according to the provisions of the third section of the afore- 
said act approved August 20, 1861. 

In faith whereof we, the commissioners of the Confederate States of America and 
of the State of Missouri, have signed and sealed these presents. 

Done in duplicate at the city of Richmond on the 31st day of October, A. D. 1861. 

R. M. T. Hunter. 
E. C. Cabell. 
Thomas L. Snead. 

[Ibid., p. 753.] 

On the date of the signing- of this convention the general assemblj" 
of the State of Missouri passed an act declaring a dissolution of the 
political ties previously existing between the State of Missouri and 
the United States of America. Following is a copy of the act: 

AN ACT declaring the political ties heretofore existing between the State of Missouri and the 
United States of America dissolved. 

Whereas, the Government of the United States, in the possession and under the 
control of a sectional party, has wantonly violated the compact originally made 
between said Government and the State of Missouri by invading with hostile armies 
the soil of the State, attacking and making prisoners the militia whilst legally 
assembled under the State laws, forcibly occupying the State capitol and attempting 
through the instrumentality of domestic traitors to usurp the government, seizing 
and destroying private property, and murdering with fiendish malignity peaceable 



244 MISSOURI TEOOPS CONFEDERATE. 

citizens, men, women, and children, together witli other acts of atrocity, indicating a 
deep-settled hostility toward the people of Missouri and their institutions; and 

"Whereas, the present Administration of the Government of the United States has 
utterly ignored the Constitution, subverted the Government as constructed and 
intended by its makers, and established a despotic and arbitrary power instead 
thereof: Now, therefore, 

Be it enacted bif the general assemhJi/ of the State of Missouri, That all political ties 
of every character now existing between the Government of the United States of 
America and the people and government of the State of Missouri are hereby dis- 
solved, aud the State of Missouri, resuming the sovereignty granted by compact to the 
said United States upon the admission of said State into the Federal Union, does 
again take its place as a free and independent republic amongst the nations of the 
earth. 

This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, October 31, 1861. 

I hereby certify the above and foregoing to be a full, true, and perfect copy of the 
original roll. 

In testimony whereof I have hereto set my hand and the great seal of the State of 
Missouri this 2d day of November, 1861. 

B. F. Massey, Secretary of State. 

[Ibid., p. 752.] 

By another act of the same date the general assembl}^ of the State 
took a preliminary step toward full political union with the Confeder- 
ate States b}" ratifying the Constitution of the provisional govern- 
ment, as required by the act of August 20, 1861. The act of the 
assembly is as follows: 

AN ACT ratifying the Constitution of the provisional government of the Confederate States of 

America. 

Whereas, the Congress of the Confederate States of America have, by an act 
entitled "An act to aid the State of Missouri in repelling invasion by the United 
States, and to authorize the admission of said State as a member of the Confederate 
States of America, and for other purposes," enacted that " the State of Missouri shall 
be admitted a member of the Confederate States of America upon an equal footing 
with the other States under the constitution for the provisional government of the 
same, upon condition that the said constitution for the provisional government of 
the Confederate States shall be adopted and ratified by the properly and legally 
constituted authorities of said State:" Now, therefore. 

Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri as follows: The general 
assembly of the State of Missouri, for and in behalf of the people thereof, do hereby 
accept the provisions of an act of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 
as set forth in the preamble to this act, the State of Missouri hereby adopting and 
ratifying the constitution for the provisional government of the Confederate States 
of America as a member of said Confederacy upon an equal footing with the other 
States under said constitution. 

Sec. 2. His Excellency C. F. Jackson, governor of this State, is hereby directed 
and authorized to transmit to the President of said Confederate States of America an 
authentic copy of this act in pursuance of section 2 of the act of said Congress above 
referred to, and to iierform all other acts which may hereafter become necessary to 
secure the admission of the State of Missouri as a member of the said Confederacy. 

This act shall l)e in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, October 31, 1861. 

I hereby certify the above and foregoing to be a full, true, and perfect copy of the 
original roll. 

In testimony w-hereof I have hereto set my hand and the great seal of the State of 
Missouri this 2d day of November, 1861. 

B. F. Massey, Secretary of State. 

[Ibid., p. 753.] 

In transmitting these enactments to the president of the Confederate 
States, Governor Jackson said, in a letter dated at Cassville, Mo., 
November 5, 1861, that the act ratifying the constitution would have 
been submitted to a vote of the people but for the fact that the State 
was then "invaded by the Federal Arm}^ to such an extent as to pre- 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 2 J: 5 

elude the possibility of holdino- an election at the present time. " (Ibid. , 
p. 753.) 

On November 25, 1861, President Davis transmitted to the Congress 
of the Confederate States Governor Jackson's letter, with its inclos- 
ures, together with a cop}^ of the convention between the Confederate 
States and tlie State of Missouri (Ibid., p. 757), and on the 28th of 
November the State was admitted as a member of the Confederate 
States of America. Following is a copy of the act of admission: 

AN ACT to admit the State of Missouri into the Confederacy as a member of the Confederate States 

of America. 

Tlt€ Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the State of Missouri 
be, and is hereby, admitted as a member of the Confederate States of America, ujion 
an equal footing with the other States of the Confederacy, under the Constitution of 
the provisional government of the same. 

Approved, November 28, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 758.] 



MISSOURI STATE GUARD. 



It has been seen in the preceding chapter that the general assem- 
bly of the State of Missouri, at its session in Februar}^ 1861, declared 
itself opposed to the coercion of the seceding States. It is now pro- 
posed to narrate some other events preceding the organization of the 
Missouri State Guard, the military" force called into the service of the 
State prior to the act of admission to the ConfederacT, and which had 
an organized existence for some time subsequent to that event. 

On April 17, 1S61, the Governor of Missouri declined to furnish the 
State's quota of 75,000 militia called for by the President of the United 
States, declaring the requisition to be ''illegal, unconstitutional, and 
revolutionary in its object, inhuman and diabolical," and that "not 
one man" would be furnished by the State of Missouri to carry on 
the proposed unholv crusade against the people of the seceded States. 
(Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series III, 
Vol. I, p. 82.) 

On April 20, 1861, the United States ordnance depot at Liberty, 
Mo., was seized by armed men from the adjacent counties (Ibid., 
Series I, Vol. I, p. 649), and on May 4 the ordnance stores at Kansas 
City were taken by force. 

On May 6. 1861, the State militia force of St. Louis County went 
into camp at Camp Jackson, in the city of St. Louis, and on the 10th 
of May the troops forming the encampment were surrendered as pris- 
oners of war to the United States forces under Capt. (subsequently 
Brig. Gen.) Nathaniel Lyon, commanding the United States arsenal 
at St. Louis. The preliminary correspondence between General Frost, 
commanding the State militia, and Captain Lyon on the subject of 
the surrender was as follows: 

' Headquarters Camp Jackson, Missouri Militia, 

May 10, 1861. 
Capt. N. Lyon, 

Commanding Inited States Troojys in and about St. Louis Arsenal. 
Sir: I am constantly in receipt of information that you contemplate an attack 
upon my camp, whilst I understand that you are impressed with the idea that an 
attack upon the arsenal and United States troops is intended on the part of the militia 
of Missouri. I am greatly at a loss to know what could justify you in attacking citi- 
zens of the United States who are in the lawful performance of duties devolving 
upon them under the Constitution in organizing and instructing the militia of the 
State in obedience to her laws, and therefore have been disposed to doubt the cor- 
rectness of the information I have received. 

I would be glad to know from you personally whether there is any truth in the 
statements that are constantly poured into my ears. So far as regards any hostility 
being intended toward the United States or its property or representatives by any 
portion of my command, or, as far as I can learn (and I think I am fully informed), 
of any other part of the State forces, I can say positively that the idea has never 
been entertained. On the contrary, prior to your taking command of the arsenal, I 
proffered to Major Bell, then in command of the very few troops constituting its guard, 

246 



STATE GUARD. 247 

the services of myself ami all my command, and, if necessary, the whole power of 
the State, to protect the United States in the full possession of all her property. 
Upon General Harney's taking command of this department I made the same prof- 
fer of services to him, and authorized his adjutant-general, Captain Williams, to com- 
municate the fact that such had been done to the War Department. I have had no 
occasion since to change any of the views I entertained at that time, neither of my 
own volition nor through the orders of my constitutional commander. 

I trust that, after this explicit statement, we may be able, by fully understanding 
each other, to keep far from our borders the misfortunes which so unhapi)ily atiiict 
our common country. 

This communication will be handed to you by Colonel Bowen, my chief of staff, 
who will be able to explain anything not fully set forth in the foregoing. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

D. M. FRO.ST, 
Brigadier-General, Commanding Camp Jackson, Missouri Volunteer Militia. 

[Official Records of the Union and Coafederate Armies, Series II, Vol. I, p. 109.] 

Headquarters United States Troops, 

St. Louis, Mo., Mai/ 10, 1S61. 
General D. M. Frost, 

Commanding Camp .Tackson. 
Sir: Your command is regarded as evidently hostile toward the Government of 
the United States. It is, for the most jiart, made up of those secessionists who have 
openly avowed their hostility to the General Government, and have been plotting at 
the seizure of its property and the overthrow of its authority. 

You are openly in conmumii'ation with the so-called Southern Confederacy, which 
is now at war with the United States, and you are receiving at your camp from the 
said Confederacy and under its flag large supplies of the material of war, most of 
which is known to be the property of the United States. 

These extraordinary preparations plainly indicate none other than the well-known 
purpose of the governor of this State, under whose orders j'ou are acting, and whose 
purposes, recently communicated to the legislature, have just been responded to by 
that body in the most unparalleled legislation, having in direct view hostilities to 
the General Government and cooperation with its enemies. 

In view of these considerations, and of your failure to disperse in obedience to the 
proclamation of the President, and of the eminent necessities of State policy and wel- 
fare, and the obligations imposed upon me by instructions from Washington, it is my 
duty to demand, and I do hereby demand, of you an immediate surrender of your 
command, with no other conditions than that all persons surrendering under this 
demand shall be humanely and kindly treated. Believing myself prepared to enforce 
this demand, one-half hour's time before doing so will be allowed for your compli- 
ance therewith. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lyon, 
Captain, Second Infantrij, Commanding Troops. 
[Ibid., p. 110.] 

A copy of the re];)ly of Cxeneral Frost to Captain Lyon's demand for 
the surrender of the camp is embodied in a letter from the former to 
Brig. Gen. William 8. Harney, commanding- the United States Depart- 
ment of the West, dated May 11, 1861, in which General Frost referred 
at some length to the object of the encampment and its purpose with 
reference to the United States property at the St. Louis Arsenal. 
His letter to General Harney is as follows: 

St. Loris Arsenal, Mo., Ma;/ 11, 1S61. 
General William S. Harnev, United States Army, 

Commanding Department of the West. 

Sir: In accordance with the laws of the State of ^Missouri which have been existing 
for some years and in obedience to the orders of the governor, on Monday last []\Ion- 
day, 3Iay 6, 1861] I entered into an encampment with the militia force of St. Louis 
County for the purpose of instructing the same in accordance with the laws of the 
United States and of this State. Every officer and soldier in my command had taken 
with uplifted hand the following oath, to wit: 

"You, each and every one of you, do solemnly swear that you will honestly and 
faithfully serve the State of Missouri against all her enemies, and that you will do 



248 MI8S0UKI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

your utmost to sustain the Constitution and laws of the United States and of this 
State against all violence of whatsoever kind or description; and you do further 
swear that you will well and truly execute and obey the legal orders of all ofiicers 
properly placed over you whilst on duty, so help you God." 

Whilst in the peaceable performance of the duties devolved uj^on me and my com- 
mand under these laws, my encampment was yesterdaj' surrounded by an over- 
whelming force of armed men, acting under the command of Capt. N. Lyon, Second 
Infantry, United States Army, and called upon by him through a written command 
accompanying this. To which comnuinication t replied in the following terms, 
to wit: 

"Camp Jackson, Mo., Mai/ 10, 1861. 
"Capt. N. Lyon, Commandhig United Staies Troops. 

"Sik: I never for a moment having conceived the idea that so illegal and uncon- 
stitutional a demand as I have just received from you would be made by an officer of 
the United States Army, I am wholly unprepared to defend my command from this 
unwarranted attack, and shall therefore be forced to comply with your demand. 
" I am, sir, very respectfully, vour obedient servant, 

"D. M. Frost, 
"Brigadier-General, Covirnavdiiig Camp Jackson, Missouri Volunteer Militia." 

My command was in accordance with the above deprived of their arms and sur- 
rendered into the hands of Captain Lyon. After which, whilst thus disarmed and 
surrounded, a tire was opened upon a portion of it by his troops and a numljer of my 
men put to death, together with several innocent lookers-on — men, women, and chil- 
dren. My command was then marched as prisoners of war in triumph to this place. 
I am now informed, as I was at the time of the surrender, by the captain, that my 
command may l)e releaseil ujion the officers and men giving their parole "not to take 
up arms or to serve in a military capacity against the United States during the pres- 
ent civil war." 

Against the whole proceeding of Captain Lyon as well as against the terms of 
release I most earnestly prote.st, for the following reasons: 

That, in addition to the obligation of loyalty which rests upon every citizen, every 
man of my command now held as a prisoner has voluntarily taken an oath to sustain 
the Constitution and laws of the United States. 

That when my camp was attacked in this unwarrantable manner and during the 
previous days of its existence the only flags that floated there were those of the Ignited 
States with all the stars, and its fellow bearing alone the coat of arms of the State of 
Missouri. 

That, in addition to all this, on the morning before this attack was made I addressed 
to Captain Lyon a communication informing him of the proffer of services I had pre- 
viously made of myself and of all my command, and if necessary the whole power of 
the State of Missouri, to protect the United States property, and assuring him that I 
had in no respect changed those views or opinions, either of my own volition or 
through any orders emanating from my constitutional commander. 

Under all these circumstances I appeal to you as the chief representative of the 
United States in this department for justice on behalf of those loyal citizens who are 
now belli as prisoners of war, captured under and marching to their ]»lace of confine- 
ment with the flag of the Union flying over their heads. I ask that yon will not put 
iipon the conunand the additional indignity of requiring us to give our parole when 
we have already given our oath in support of the Constitution, but that you will 
order our restoration to the liberties of which we have been illegally deprived, as 
well as of the property of the State and individuals, as the larger portion of the equip- 
ments have b'-'en purchased with the private funds of the individuals of my com- 
mand, both officers and men. 

I trust that sucli as have l)een so purchased will at least be restored to the proper 
owners. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient seivant, 

D. M. Frost, 
Brigadier-General, Missouri Volunteer Militia. 

[Ibid., p. 113.] 

It is possible that General Frost was not aware of the intentions of 
the Confederate authorities and those of the State of Missouri with 
regard to the arsenal at St. Louis. What those intentions were is 
shown in a correspondence between Governor Jackson and President 
Davis a short time preceding the surrender of Camp Jackson. The 



STATE GUARD. 249 

governor's lettei-, dated April 17, 1S61, has not ])een discovered, but 
its tenor is shown by the President's reply, bearing date Apri! 23, 1861, 
which is as follows: 

Montgomery, Ala., April 33, 1861. 
His P'xcellency C. F. Jacksox, 

(lovernor of Missouri. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge yours of the 17th instant, borne by Captains 
Greene and Duke, and have most cordially welcomed the fraternal assurances it 
brings. 

A misplaced but generous confidence has, for years past, prevented the Southern 
States from making the preparation required by the present emergency, and our 
power to supply you with ordnance is far short of the will to serve you. After learn- 
ing as well as I could from the gentlemen accredited to me what was most needful 
for the attack on the arsenal, I have directed that Captains (rreene and Duke should 
be furnished with two 12-pounder howitzers and two 32-pounder guns, with the 
proper ammunition for each. These, fi-om the conumanding hills, will be effective, 
both against the garrison and to breach the inclosing walls of the place. I concur 
with you as to the great importance of capturing the arsenal and securing its supplies, 
rendered doubly important by the means taken to obstruct your commerce and render 
you unarmed victims of a hostile invasion. 

We look anxiously and hopefully for the day when the star of Missouri shall be 
added to the constellation of the Confederate States of America. 
With best wishes, I am, very respectfully yours, 

Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. I, p. 688.] 

As a part of the contemporaneous history of the events culminating 
in the capture of Camp Jackson it may not be inappropriate to quote 
a portion of Captain Lyon's report to his Government: 

St. Louis Arsenal, May 11, 1861. 
Col. L. Thomas, 

Adjutant- General United States Army. 

Sir: * * * The steamer /. C Swan arrived at St. Louis on the night of the 8th 
with a large supply of military stores, including, as I was informed, muskets, ammu- 
nition, and cannon taken on board at Baton Rouge, and there obtained from the 
arsenal. The boat arriving in the night, great industry was used to transport these 
stores during the night (and before being likely to be exposed in the morning) to the 
camp of what is called the State militia, and which is made up for the most ])art of 
what has for a long time l)een known as a body of rabid and violent opposers of the 
General Government, and who have, during this time, been a terror to all loyal and 
peaceful citizens. 

Their extraordinary and unscrupulous conduct, and their evident design, and of 
the governor of this State, to take a position of liostility to the United States, are 
matters of extensive detail and of abounding evidence. Having appealed to the South 
for assistance, every appearance indicated a rapid accumulation of men and means 
for seizing Government property and overturning its authority. I accordingly fore- 
saw that under the extraordinary measures of the governor and legislature of this 
State aggressions would soon I'ommence against the General • 4<;vernDient on the part 
of these opposers of it, and of all who were in such a state of hostilities, willing to 
sujiport the State against the Government. Of this there can be no doul)t, as also 
that the issue would be taken by the State as soon as she felt able to sustain it. It 
was therefore neces-ary to meet this embarrassing complication as early as possible, 
and accordingly I proceeded yesterday with a large body of troops, supported by 
artillery, to the camp above referred to, and which is situated in the western part of 
the city, at what is known as Lindell's Grove, between Olive street and Laclede 
avenue, and arrived at 3.15 p. m., and demanded of General Frost, the commander, 
a surrender of his entire command. Copies of the correspondence are herewith 
inclosed. 

Of the stores from Baton Rouge Arsenal, so far as understood, there were found 
three 32-pounder guns, one mortar, three mortar beds, and a large supply of shot 
and shells in ale barrels. All these artillery pieces were in boxes of heavy plank, 
and were addressed "Tamoroa, care of Greely & Gale, St. Louis," "I. C. R. R.," to 
whom no delivery was made, this being a guise to cover the movement, and Greely 
& Gale being known as strong Union men saved them from close scrutiny. No doubt 
many arms, the mortars corresponding to the beds, and other war materials were 



250 MISSOUKI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

received, agreeably to numerous reports made, but which can be obtained only by a 
thorough search over the city. Of the material besides tents, baggage, camp equip- 
ments, etc., left in camp by the troops, were 1,200 rifle muskets of United States 
manufacture, late model, .58 caliber; 6 field pieces, brass; 25 kegs of powder; from 
30 to 40 horses; and several arm chests of arms understood to be like the 1,200 

muskets mentioned. 

•X- ****** 

Respectfully, your obedient servant, 

N. Lyon, 
Captain, Second Infantri/, Cummandimj. 
[Ibid., Series II, Vol. I, p. 107.] 

The general assembly had been summoned by the governor to 
meet in special session at Jefferson City on the 2d of May, "for the 
purpose of enacting such measures as might be deemed necessar}" and 
proper for the more perfect organization and equipment of the militia 
and to raise the money and provide such of the means as might be 
required to place the State in a proper attitude of defense" (The 
Fight for Missouri. Snead, p. 151), and measures looking to that end 
were speedily adopted. 

By an act of the assembl}" approved Ma}" 9, 1861, the sum of $10,000 
was placed at the disposal of the governor, to be applied at his dis- 
cretion to such military service or expenses as immediate necessity 
might require, and by another act of the same date the governor was 
authorized to continue in the active service of the State all or such of 
the volunteer companies that he had ordered into encampment for such 
time as he might think necessary. Following are copies of these 
enactments; 

AN ACT to create a special military fund tor the use of the governor. 

Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri asfolloirs: Section 1. That 
the sum of ten thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the 
treasury, and is hereby placed at the disposal of the governor, to be applied by him, 
at his discretion, to such military service or expenses as immediate necessity may 
rec^uire. 

* * * * * * * 

This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, May 9, 1861. 

[Laws of the State of Missouri, called session. Twenty-first General Assembly, p. 47. ] 

AN ACT in relation to the volunteer militia of Missouri. 

Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri as follows: Section 1. That 
the governor of the State is hereby authorized and empowered to continue in the 
active service of the State all or such of the volunteer companies that he has hereto- 
fore ordered into encampment for such time as he may think necessary. 

This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, May 9, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 44.] 

On Ma}" 10,. 1861. the date of the surrender of Camp Jackson, an 
additional sum of $20,000 was placed at the disposal of the governor, 
and on the same date the governor was authorized to take such meas- 
ures as he might deem necessary to repel invasion or put down rebel- 
lion. The enactments thus providing are as follows: 

AN ACT placing money at the disposal of the governor for the defense of the State. 

Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri as follows: Section 1. In 
addition to the sum of ten thousand dollars heretofore appropriated, the further sum 
of twenty thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the treasury, 
to be placed at the disposal of the governor, to be used by him for the purpose of 



STATE GUARD. 251 

maintaining the peace and safety of the State in such manner as his discretion may 
direct. 

******* 

This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 
Approved, May 10, 1861. 
[Ibid., p. 47.] 

AN ACT to authorize the governor of the State of Missouri to suppress rebellion and repel invasion. 

Whereas, information has been received that the city of St. Louis has been invaded 
by the citizens of other States, and a portion of the people of said city are in a state 
of rebellion against the laws of the State, whereby the lives and property of the good 
people of the State are endangered: Therefore, 

Be it enacted by the general assembly of tlie State of Missouri as follows: Section' 1. That 
the governor of the State of Missouri is hereby authorized to take such measures as 
in his judgment he may deem necessary or jiroper to repel such invasion or put down 
such rebellion. 

This act shall take effect from its passage. 

Approved, May 10, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 48.]* 

On the following" day, May 11, 1861, an act was passed "to raise 
money to arm the State, repel inv^asion, and protect the lives and prop- 
erty of the people of Missouri.'' This act is in part as follows: 

AN ACT to raise money to arm the State, repel invasion, and protect the lives and property of the 

people of Missouri. . 

Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri as folloics: Section 1. For 
the purpose of arming and equipping the militia and providing for the successful 
defense of the State against all her foes there is hereby created a fund, to be denom- 
inated the ' ' militia fund. " * * * [The provisions for creating this fund are here 
omitted.] 

Sec. 5. The governor is hereby authorized and required to purchase such arms, 
munitions of war, and books of instruction as he may deem best suited to accomplish 
the object designed by this act. * * * The governor of the State is also empow- 
ered to use a portion of said military fund for the purpose of establishing an armory 
in the State penitentiary; and in order to carry into effect this object he may pur- 
chase materials and machinery and contract with any party leasing said penitentiary 
for the manufacture of arms and munitions of war, and for this purpose may use all 
or any portion of the convict labor. 

******* 

This act to take effect from its passage. 
Approved, May 11, 1861. 
[Ibid., p. 52.] 

By an act approved May 13, 1861, the governor was authorized, 
whenever in his opinion the security and welfare of the State might 
require it, to take possession of all railroad and telegraph lines within 
the State; and by an act of Ma}- 11 he was authorized to establish 
foundries "for the manufacture of arms" and for" "other necessary 
purposes."" 

On the latter date, Ma\' 11, 1861, an act was passed by the assembly 
"to provide for the organization, g-overnment, and support of the 
militia forces of the State of Missouri." This act contains 216 sec- 
tions and 18 articles of war. Besides providing for the organization 
of the militia forces of the State, to be designated the "Missouri State 
Guard,"" it provided for the organization of "Home Guards" for 
local service, and prohibited the formation of "armed clubs" or other 
militar}^ organizations except as provided by the terms of the act. 



252 MISSOUKI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Such portions of the enactment as are necessary for the purposes of 
this paper, omitting- unnecessary details, are quoted below: 

AN ACT to provide for the organization, government, ami support of the militarj' forces of the State 

of Missouri. 

Be it enacted hij tlie general assembly of the State of Missouri as follows: 

MILITARY DISTRICT.S. 

Section 1. All able-bodied free white male inhabitants of the State of INIissouri 
between the ages of 18 and 45 years who shall be enrolled or liable to military duty 
under the provisions of this act shall constitute, be known, and designated as the 
"Missouri State Guard;" and the State of Missouri is hereby divided into nine mili- 
tary districts and divisions, as follows, viz: 



Sec. 12. It shall be the duty of the governor to nominate and, by and with the 
advice and consent of the senate, to appoint the following general officers, to wit: 
One brigadier-general for each military district in the State, who shall command the 
whole military force therein: Prorided, That the whole number of brigadier- 
generals in the State shall never exceed nine who shall be in commission at any one 
time besides the governor's staff, and every brigadier-general shall reside in the 
military district comprising his command; and the brigadier-generals thus appointed 
shall hold their offices until their successors shall be elected and qualified. 

Sec. 13. Whenever in any one military district the number of organized companies 
shall reach twenty-four, there shall be elected a brigadier-general by the commis- 
sioned officers of the line of such district, who shall hold his office during good 
behavior. 



COMMANDER IN CHIEF. 

Sec. 16. It shall be the duty of the commander in chief to require that a uniform 
system of drill, di.«cipline, returns, reports, and accounts is observed throughout the 
State, and that all commanding officers of districts shall make such reports and 
returns as will enable him at all times to have exact information of the strength and 
military condition of all the State forces. 



COMMANDING OFFICERS OF DISTRICTS — DUTIES AND POWERS. 
******* 

Sec. 24. It shall be his duty to report at once to the commander in chief, and also 
to the governor, any insurrection in or invasion of his district, and until he shall 
receive special orders in the case from his suiDeriors he shall take such measures to 
repel the invasion or suppress the insurrection as are at his command and best cal- 
culated to maintain the peace and dignity of the State. 



ORGANIZATION. 

Sec 38. All troops mustered into the service of the State, whether the same be 
volunteers or drafted, shall be officially known and designated as the "Missouri State 
Guard;" and all companies shall be known and designated in their respective regi- 
ments, battalions, or squadrons by the letters of the alphabet, beginning with the 
letter "A," but may have special company designations. 

volunteers. • 

Sec 39. The active force of the line of the ^Missouri State Guard shall, in time of 
peace, be raised ami kept up by voluntary enlistment, which enlistment shall be for 
a term of seven vears. , 



STATE GUARD. 253 

Sec. 40. The (■oinpaiiies of infantry shall not contain less than 50 nor more than 
100 menibers; of cavalry, not less than 50 nor more than SO; of artillery, not less than 
48 nor more than 100. 

Sec. 41. Whenever an association of individuals shall desire to volunteer as a com- 
pany, into the military service of the State of Missouri, they shall procure, in accord- 
ance with the jireceding section, the nundjer of men recjuired for the particular arm 
to which they wish to attai'h themselves, all of whom must he able-bodied citizens 
of the State of Missouri and not less than 18 years of age. * * * The members 
of the association, to the numl)er required by law for their ])articular arm, having 
assembled at the time and i)lace specitied, the mustering ofiicer will then proceed to 
muster them into the service of the State in the following manner: Causing each 
and every individual to hold up his naked right hand he shall administer the fol- 
lowing oath: "You, each and every one of you, do solemnly swear, or affirm (as the 
case may be) , that you will bear true allegiance to the State of Missouri, and that 
you will serve her honestly and faithfully against all her enemies or opposers what- 
soever; that you will sup]iort the constitution of the State of Missouri and observ^e 
and obey the orders of the governor of ^lissonri, and the orders of the officers 
appointed over you, whilst on duty, according to the rules and articles for the govern- 
ment of the Missouri State Guard; so help you God." The foregoing oath having 
been administered to at least 50 members, the mustering officer will then direct the 
company to go into an election of one captain, one first, one second, and one third 
lieutenant; and, presiding over such election, shall appoint three discreet and disin- 
terested persons to receive and count the ballots in his presence; and no officer shall, 
at any time, be considered elected unless he shall receive a majority of the votes 
cast; and no election for company officers shall be valid unless at least 35 legal votes 
are polled, and each officer elected must accept such election in writing. 



REGIMENT — HOW CONSTITUTED. 

Sec. 50. A regiment shall consist of not less than six nor more than eight com- 
panies of the same arm, but companies of other arms may be attached by order of 
the commanding officer of district. 



DIVISION — HOW constituted. 

Sec 54. The military force, enlisted and enrolled in any one military district, shall 
constitute a division. 



ARMY CORPS. 

Sec. 56. An'army corps shall consist only of troops actually in the field, and may 
comprise one or more regiments, uniting the different arms of infantry, cavalry, and 
artillery, with the proper staff corps, thus forming a complete army in itself, and 
may be composed of a quota of troops from the different military districts, all of 
whom shall be commanded by the senior officer of the line in the field, the 
commander in chief in person, or by a brigadier-general specially detailed thereto 
bv the commander in chief. 



different corps. 



Sec 67. Nothing in this act shall be so construed as to deprive any portion of the 
volunteer forces now organized under the name of ''Volunteer Militia of Missouri," 
saving and excepting division inspectors, of the rights, privileges, immunities, or 
rank acquired by them under existing laws; but all companies so organized shall, as 
quickly as possible, recruit their companies to the legal standard, and in all other 
respects conform to this law. 



Sec 94. It shall be the duty of the auditor of public accounts to set apart and 
cause to be retained by itself one-twentieth of the general revenue of this State, 
wdiich shall be and constitute the general militarv fund of the State, and out of 



254 MISSOUEI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

which nhall be paid the salaries of the adjutant-general, quartermaster-general, and 
all other accounts required by the provisions of this act to be paid, on any account 
audited by the military board for the benefit of the Missouri State Guard. 



BRINGING TROOPS INTO THE FIELD. 

Sec. 135. Whenever it shall be necessary for the defense of the State, the main- 
tenance of public tranquillity, the suppression of riot, rebellion, or insurrection, or 
the repelling of invasion, that the military force of the State, or any part thereof, 
be called into the field, the commanding officers of districts shall first have recourse 
to the organized enlisted force in their respective districts (having due regard to the 
appropriateness of arms to the kind of service required, and giving preference to 
troops nearest the place of disturbance); and should such organized enlisted force 
be deemed insufficient for the requirements of the service such commanding officer 
of the district in which such disturbance may exist shall be authorized to accept 
the services of a sufficient number of volunteers from the enrolled force of such dis- 
trict; and should there continue to be an insufficiency of force in the field for the 
requirements of the service, then the commander in cliief may, in his discretion, 
order the connnanding officer of such district to draft from the enrolled force of his 
district, as shall be hereinafter provided, such number of men as may be required; 
or the commander in chief may order the organized enlisted force from any other 
or adjoining district to the support and defense of the district wherein such dis- 
turbance may exist. 

Sec. 136. Whenever the necessities of the public may require that troops shall be 
retained in the field for a longer period than six months, the commander in chief 
shall first determine the number of troops required for the service, and apportion 
the same among the military districts, having reference to the enrolled force in each 
district. He shall then issue his order to the commanding officers of districts, 
wherein shall be stated the total number of men required, the period for which 
such troops shall be called into service, the particular arm of the service in which 
such troops shall be required to serve, and the i)lace and time for general rendez- 
vous; and the commanding officers of districts shall, immediately upon the reception 
of such orders from the commander in chief, proceed to raise, organize, and forward 
to the place of general rendezvous the quota as required in the order of the com- 
mander in chief; and in order thereto they shall be authorized to accept the services 
of such persons as may volunteer, first, from the organized enlisted force of their 
respective districts; second, from the enrolled military force of their respective dis- 
tricts; and should there be an insufficiency of men to supply the quota required, 
such commanding officers of districts will at once apportion the deficit of men among 
the counties comprised in their respective districts, having reference to the enrolled 
force therein, and proceed to draft from the same as hereinafter provided. And 
whenever troops shall be called into the field under the provisions of this section, 
the same shall constitute, be known and designated as a distinct army corps; ancl 
the commander in chief may order, at his discretion, by special detail, any one of 
the commanding officei\s of any military district in the State to the command of such 
army corps, and relieve such officer at pleasure. And whenever an army corps shall 
be commanded by any officer of lower rank than the commanding officer of the 
military district in which such corps may be serving, such officer of such corps shall 
be subordinate to such commanding officer of such military district and subject to 
his orders. 



armed clubs PROHIBITED. 

Sec. 167. It is hereby declared unlawful for any number of the inhabitants of 
this State to unite together in the semblance of an armed organization without hav- 
ing been first duly organized and mustered into the service of the State under the 
provisions of this act; and whenever it shall come to the knowledge of any officer 
or soldier of the Missouri State Guard that such an armed organization has been or 
is likely to be attempted, it shall be his duty to immediately notify the command- 
ing officer of the district in which such organization has been or is to be attempted 
of the fact, and it shall be the duty of the commanding officer of such district to 
immediately disarm the same; and to this end he shall have authority to use so 
much of the military force at his command as will obtain that end; and all arms 
found in possession of such organization shall be confiscated to the State, and be 
seized and forwarded to the State arsenal : Provided, That nothing in this section 
shall be so construed as to prevent the summoning a posse comitatus by a sheriff or 
other civil officer to enforce the execution of any civil process. 



STATE GUARD. . ' 255 

HOME GUARD. 

Sec. 168. The division inspector of the district, or his assistant, may organize, under 
and according to the provisions of this act, one or more companies of men for a Home 
Guard, to remain in and perform military service in the county in which they are 
organized, and shall be under the control of the commanding officer of the district. 

Sec. 169. The county in which such Home Guards shall be raised shall pay all the 
expenses of such companies. * * * 

Sec. 170. All white person** over the age of fourteen and under the age of eighteen 
years (wdth the consent of their parents, guardians, or masters), and all white 
persons over the age of forty-five years, and none others, shall be competent to serve 
in the Home Guard. 

STATE TROOPS — HOW CALLED OUT. 

Sec. 171. The commander in chief shall have power at ?ny time (when the gen- 
eral assembly is not in session) to call into the active service of the State any num- 
ber of the State forces that he may deem necessary for the purpose of suppressing 
insurrection, repelling invasion, or for the protection of the lives, liberty, or property 
of any citizens of this State. 

Sec 172. If any officer of the State (juard shall willfully fail or refuse to comply 
With the orders of the commander in chief, under the foregoing section, such officer 
shall, on conviction before a court-martial, l)e cashiered, and otherwise punished 
by line or imprisonment, as may be adjudged by such court. 



service outside of THE STATE. 

Sec. 177. Whenever volunteers may be required to serve outside the hmits of the 
State, the preference shall be given to the companies organized under this act; and 
the commander in chief shall proclaim the number of companies he requires and the 
day on which the selection will l;)e made; and if on that day more companies have 
applied than are necessary he shall decide by lot which shall be received of those 
that have so volunteered. 

******* 

This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 
Approved, May 14, 1861. 
[Ibid., pp. 3-43.] 

On the 15th of May special provision waft made for the distribution 
of the militia act. This was done by an act of the assembly of which 
the following is a copy: 

AN ACT to provide for the distribution of tlie militia law. 

Be it enacted by the general assembh/ of the State of ifissouri, as follows: Section 1. 
That the secretary of state is hereby authorized and directed to have 5,000 copies 
of the act to provide for the organization, government, and support of the military 
force of. the State of Missouri printed in pamphlet form, and distribute the same 
immediately, by mail or otherwise, under tlie direction of the adjutant-general of the 
State, according to the population of each county, respectively. 

This act to take effect from its passage. 

Approved, May 15, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 44.] 

On the same date an act was passed authorizing- the appointment of 
a major-general to command the militia. This act is as follows: 

AN ACT to authorize the appointment of one major-general for the Missouri militia. 

Be it enacted hif the general assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows: Section 1. 
The governor is hereby authorized to appoint one major-general, who shall, in time of 
insurrection, invasion, or war, command the entire military force in the field, and 
shall hold his office during good behavior. 

Sec. 2. The appointment of said major-general shall be subject to the confirmation 
of the senate; and should the general assembly not be in session at the time of the 



256 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

appointment of said major-general, said appointment shall be subject to confirma- 
tion at the next session thereafter. 

Sec. 3. The said major-general shall be ex officio president of the military board 
authorized to be created by an act to provide for the organization and government 
of the militia, approved May 13, 1861; but shall have no command, except of troops 
actually in the field. 

This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 

Approved, May 15, 1861. . 

[Ibid., p. 43.] 

The org'anization of the Missouri State Guard was at once begun. 
On the 18th of May, Maj. Gen. Sterling- Price assumed command and 
announced his staff in the following general order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 3. i ► Jefferson City, Ma;/ 18, 1861. 

1. The undersigned hereby assumes command of the Missouri State Guard. 

2. The following-named officers are announced as composing the staff of the major- 
general commanding: Col. Henry Little, a.ssistant adjutant-general; Lieut. Col. A. 
W. Jones, aide-de-camp; Lieut. Col. R. T. Morrison, aide-de-camp; Surg. "William N. 
Snodgrass, medical director; Asst. Surg. H. W. Cross, assistant medical director. 

3. All communications for the commanding general will be addressed to the 
"Assistant Adjutant-General, Headquarters of the Missouri State Guard," and until 
further orders will be directed to Jefferson City, Mo. 

Sterling Price, 
Major- General, Commanding. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIU, p. 
686.] 

On the following day special orders for the organization of the 
troops of the Sixth Military District were issued, as follows: 

Special C)rders, | Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 4. ) Jefferson City, May 19, 1861. 

1. The brigadier-general commanding the Sixth Military District, Missouri State 
Guard, will take immediate steps to organize into regiments all the troops in his 
district now in the field. This organization will be made in accordance with the 
new military laws of the State. 

2. It is left to the discretion of the brigadier-general commanding the district to 
organize the regiments of six or eight companies, and the mounted companies may 
be attached to the regiments as provided for in section 50 of the military laws. 

3. After the organization of regiments is complete, should there be surplus com- 
panies not sufficient in number to form a regiment of six, they will be organized into 
a battalion of two or four companies, in accordance with section 48, military laws. 
When by the arrival of other companies these battalions are augmented to the 
requisite number they will be organized into regiments. 

By command of INIaj. Gen. Sterling Piice: 

Henry Little, Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 686.] 

The War Department records of appointment and organization are 
incomplete and no record has been found of the orders issued at this 
time to the other district commanders, but it is stated by Thomas L. 
Snead in his history, The Fight for Missouri (p. 18-1), that on the :21st 
of Maj' the governor announced the appointment of nine brigadier- 
generals (one for each military district) and that "their commissions 
were forthwith transmitted to all, with orders to enroll at once the 
men within their respective districts, and get them ready for active 
service." The author of this publication was an aide-de-camp on the 
staff of the governor, and acting adjutant-general of the Missouri State 
Guard. He gives the names of the nine brigadier-generals, as follows: 
Alexander W. Doniphan, M. Monroe Parsons, James S. Rains, John 
B. Clark, Meriwether Lewis Clark, Nathaniel W. Watkins, Beverly 
Randolph, William Y. Slack, and James H. McBjide. 



STATE GUARD. 257 

On the 21st of May Col. John R eid, ""commissaiT-S'eneral," was 
announced as "chief of the subsistence department"" on the staff of 
the major-geneval commanding'. (Official Records of the Union and 
Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 687.) While the organi- 
zation of the Missouri State Guard was thus in progress, a convention 
was entered intol)etween General Price, the major-general commanding, 
and Brig. Gen. W. S. Harney, commaiftling the United States forces, 
in which it was declared to be their nuitual object to restore peace 
and good order to the people of the State. Following is a copy of the 
agreement: 

St. Louis, Maif 21, 1861. 

The undersigned, officers of the United States Government and of the government 
of the State of ^Missouri, for the purpose of removing misapprehensions and allaying 
public excitement, deem it proper to declare publicly that they have this day had a 
personal interview in this city, in which it has been mutually understood, without 
the seml)lance of dissent on either part, that each of them has no other than a com- 
mon object, equally interesting and important to every citizen of Missouri — that of 
restoring peace and good order to the people of the State in suljordination to the laws 
of the General and State governments. It lieing thus understood, there seems no 
reason why every citizen should not confide in the proper officers of the General and 
State governments to restore ijuiet, and, as among the best means of offering no coun- 
terinfluences, we mutually recommend to all persons to respect each other's rights 
throughout the State, making no attempt to exercise unauthorized powers, as it is 
the determination of the proper authorities to supjiress all unlawful proceedings, 
which can only disturb the public peace. 

General Price, having by commission full authority over the militia of the State of 
Missouri, undertakes, with the sanction of the governor of the State already declared, 
to direct the whole ]iower of the State officers to maintain order within the State 
among the people thereof, and General Harney publicly declares that, this object 
being thus assured, he can have no occasion, as he has no wish, to make military 
movements which might otherwise create excitements and jealousies, which he most 
earnestly desires to avoid. 

\\'e, the undersigned, do therefore mutually enjoin upon the people of the State to 
attend to their civil lousiness of whatsoever sort it may be, and it is to be hoped that 
the unquiet elements, whit-h have threatened so seriously to disturb the public peace, 
may soon subside and be jemembered only to be deplored. 

Stermxg Price, 
Major-Ge)ieral, Missovri State Guard. 
Wm. S. Harney, 
Brigadier- General, Com manding. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 375.] 

Following this declaration, on the 24th of May, the militia of 
the Sixth Militar}^ District, except those from the city of St. Louis, 
were ordered to their homes, but the work of organization was to be 
continued. The order to the commanding general of the Sixth District 
was as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 5. ( Jefferson City, May '24, 1861. 

I. The brigadier-general commanding the Sixth ^Military District will take imme- 
chate steps to send to their respective homes all the troops now in the field in said 
district, except those from the city of St. Louis. The mounted companies and all 
infantry companies that can reach their homes by railroad will be first ordered away. 

II. On reaching their respective counties and districts the captain of each of said 
companies will immediately report, either in person or Ijy letter, to the district com- 
mander, who will continue their company organization and proceed to organize 
them into regiments, as required by the military laws. 

III. Each captain before leaving here will prepare and give the necessarj' bond 
for all the arms and equipments belonging to the State in the possession of his 
company. 

IV. As soon as the necessary blanks can be prepared an officer will be sent to the 
several districts of the State to muster and pay the troops that have been in actual 
service from the time they have been so employed. 

S. Doc. 412 17 



258 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

V. The quartermaster and commissary departments will prepare the necessary 
means for transportation and subsistence of said troops without delay. 
By command of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: 

Henry Little, Assistant Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIU, p. 689.] 

As indicatino- the condition of affairs in Missouri at this time the 
following- correspondence is here inserted: 

Headquarters Department op the West, 

St. Louis, Mo., May 24, 1861. 
Gen. Sterling Price, Jefferson City, Mo. : 

I am informed that troops and arms are coming into Missouri from Arkansas. Is 
such the case? Would it not be well for me to station a regiment in the southern 
frontier of Missouri? Please answer by telegraph. 

Wm. S. Harney, 
Brigadier- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 378.] 



Jefferson City, Mo., May 34, 1861. 
Gen. W. S. Harney, United States Army: 

I am satisfied your information is incorrect. It can not be that arms or men are 
coming into Missouri from any quarter without the knowledge of the governor or 
myself. AVe have no such information. I advise that you do not send a regiment 
into the southwest; it will exasperate our own people. 1 have attended to dispatches 
inclosed me by you from Springfield and St. Joseph. I am dismissing my troops, 
and I will carry out our agreement faithfully. 

Sterling Price, 
Major-General, Commanding Missouri State Guard. 
[Ibid., p. 379.] 



Headquarters Department of the West, 

St. Louis, Mo., May 27, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, 

Commanding Missouri State Cniard, Jefferson City, Mo. 
General: I am just in receipt of a telegraphic dispatch from Springfield, ^lo., 
which seems to be reliable, that a force is either organized or being organized in Ark- 
kansas, near the Missouri line, with the avowed purpose of entering this State to 
disturb its relation with the General Government. I lose no time in communicating 
this intelligence, in order that you may not be misled by rumors of measures which 
may be necessary on my part to meet this threatened hostility. In our recent 
arrangement a contingency like this was not looked for, and in any event it could 
hardly be expected of you to assume the responsibility of repelling an invasion from 
Arkansas which, should further information justify an expectation of it, must be met 
by myself. 

I take great pleasure in expressing the belief that our late meeting in this city will 
result in the good of our common country. 

I have the honor to be, general, with high respect, your obedient servant, 

Wm. S. Harney, 
Brigadier- Gen eral. Commanding. 
[Ibid.] 



Headquarters Department of the West, 

St. Louis, Mo., May 27, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, Missouri State Guard. 

General: I am in the receipt of numerous communications setting forth that aggres- 
sions continue to be committed upon Union men in different portions of Misscturi, 
more especially at and in the vicinity of Springfield, Hannibal, St. Joseph, and Kan- 
sas City. 



STATE GUARD. 



'259 



These complaints, coming as thev do from sources which I regard as reliable, 
occasion me no little embarrassment, and I have thought it might, perhaps, become 
mv duty to afford protection at the places above indicated to the extent of authoriz- 
in'o- the"organization of Home Guards, unless you can give me assurances that such a 
measure is unnecessary, and I trust that the raising of a force of this descrii)tion at 
any point, for home purposes merelv, should occasion seem to me to require it, would 
not be regarded by you as an infraction of the agreement entered into between us on 
the 21st instant. . . 

I shall be glad to hear from you upon the subject ot this communication at your 
riaT»]ipgf r*oiivGniGrc6^. 

I have the honor to be, general, with high respect, your obedient servant, 

Wm. S. Harney, 



[Ibid.] 



Brigadier- General, Commandhig. 



Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

Jefferson City, Mo., May 29, 1861. 

Brig. Gen. W. S. Harnev, United States Army, 

St. Louis, Mo. 

General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your two communica- 
tions of date 27th instant. . 

In reply to vour propositions to establish or organize Home Guards in certain 
localities, I haVe to sav that such a step, in my opinion, would bring about the 
very state of things w^e mutually desire to avoid, to wit, hostilities between the 
Federal and State governments. In the present state of excitement among the people 
the arming of one portion of a community bv the Federal Government would very 
naturally be looked upon bv the other in a spirit of jealousy, and, in my opinion, 
would have a tendency to excite those who now hold conservative peace positions 
into exactly the contrary attitude, an example of which we have in St. Louis. It 
would undoubtedly, in my opinion, lead to neighborhood collision, the forerunner 
of civil war. Additional reasons might be urged why you should abandon the estab- 
lishment of these Home Guards, palpable to yourself, if the desire is to avoid civil 
war in Missouri. <• tt ■ 

With regard to the other point in your letter, relative to complaints ot Lnion men, 
I have instituted strict inquiry relative to every case within my knowledge, and beg 
leave to reassure vou that in no single instance have these acts been instigated or 
recognized bv meetings or organizations of any kind; l>ut wherever and whenever 
happening, prove to be the offspring of irresponsible individuals, and no effort has 
been left undone on my part to prevent even this, and shall be continued in the 
future. You will observe from published orders that I positively enjoin upon all 
citizens of the State the scrupulous protection of individual property and rights, irre- 
spective of political opinions. With these view^s and deductions, I feel assured that 
you will ageee with me that to carry out your proposed plan would be exceedingly 
injudicious, if not ruinous, to the peace of the State. General, it is my unchanged 
and honest intention to carry out to the letter the agreement entered into between 
us, and I can but feel assured", from the high sense of honor that has always attended 
your pubhc acts, that you will, with equal fidelity, observe the same on your part. 
On receipt of your telegram of yesterday I immediately dispatched two highly 
respectable citizens of Springfield, who replied that no troops from Arkansas were 
expected or desired. The assertion in the Democrat that wagons had been sent from 
Sedalia to Arkansas for arms is wholly untrue. Should, however, troops enter Missouri 
from Arkansas or any other State, be assured that I will cause them to return, and 
thus save vou from the taking of a step which I could not with justice construe into 
any other "light than a violation of our agreement, and such a violation as would, in 
my opinion, undoubtedly precipitate civil hostilities. 
"l have the honor to be, general, with much respect, your obedient servant, 

Sterling Price, 
Major- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 380.] 

Further information as to the condition of affairs in the State and 
the intention of the State authorities is contained in a letter addressed 
by Lieut. Gov. Thomas C. Reynolds to the President of the Confederate 
States under date of June 3, 1861, in which the President was invited 



260 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

to send a force of Confederate troops into the State to form a nucleus 
around which the Missourians might gather "'to form a home force to 
protect their menaced liberties/' This letter is as follows: 

Memphis, Tenn., June 3, 1S61. 
His Excellency Jefferson Davis, 

President of the Confederate States of America. 

Sir: You are doubtless partially aware of the present condition of Missouri. As 
shown by the proclamation of General Harney, herewith inclosed, it is the fixed 
purpose of the United States Government to suppress her State sovereignty, prevent 
by force the arming and disciplining of her militia, and the assembling of her legis- 
lature or her sovereign convention for any purpose unacceptable to the Lincoln 
Administration. This fixed policy has already been exhibited in several instances, 
particularly in the affair at Camp Jackson, near St. Louis, accounts of which 1 Jiere- 
with inclose. The answer made by General Harney to the writ of habeas corpus 
issued by the LTnited States district judge for the eastern district of Missouri, in the 
case of Emmett ]\IacDonald (an extract from which is herewith inclosed), shows 
clearly the intention of the United States authorities to act under a "higher law," 
and disregard even the Constitution of the United States itself in their attempt to 
reduce Missouri to the condition of a subject province. The position assumed by 
her general assembly in this matter is shown in the resolutions (herewith inclosed) 
unanimously adopted by both l)ranches of that body. The people, however, are 
unorganized, but not entirely unarmed. Good judges assure me that 60,000 rifles 
and shotguns are in the hands of true Southern men in our State, and my own 
knowledge of our people convinces me that at least two-thirds, and possibly three- 
fourths, of the voters of Missouri desire a speedy union with the Confederate States; 
but in our present condition it is impossible to call together our convention or take 
a popular vote on the question. That body can not now direct any such vote, for 
the plain reason that the United States authorities have the will and physical power 
to prevent the polls from being opened, nor can either the general assembly or the 
convention sit in safety or tranquillity except under the protection of a friendly armed 
force. It is to the Confederate States alone, to her sister Southern States, that Mis- 
souri can look for the necessary aid for that purpose. Missouri being still nominally 
one of the United States, no legal or constitutional express authority exists in any- 
one to invite your government to send us aid. No duties or powers are intrusted to 
the governor in view of any such emergency. The manifold civil duties he has to 
perform at the capital of the State require his presence, and the necessity of his avoid- 
ing acts compromising his iwsition toward the United States Government or endan- 
gering his person and the State records is apparent to anyone who is aware how 
greatly the interests and convenience of the people dei)end on the governor's atten- 
tion to those civil duties. It can not, therefore, be expecteci that he should assume, 
without express direction of the constitution, duties of a military and quasi- 
international character. 

On mature consideration, examination of the laws and constitution of ^Missouri, 
and consultation with leading men of matui'e judgment and sound patriotism, I have 
come to the conclusion that, in the absence of any provision of our constitution 
applicable to such a state of affairs, the high moral duty of leading an armed effort 
to redeem the State from subjection, and its governor and other authorities from 
virtual captivity, devolves not upon the governor, but upon me. As lieutenant- 
governor I am, by our constitution, president of the senate, and I am also by law 
president of the general assembly when in joint session. 

That body has adjourned to meet at the capital on the third Monday of September, 
next. As their presiding officer I am the only person armed with power by law to 
arrest disturbers of their deliberations when they are in actual session, and I con- 
ceive it to be but a small extension of this authority for me to take necessary meas- 
ures to put down those who intend to disturb those deliberations by jjossibly even 
preventing a session. To wait until the general assendjly meets and attempt to punish 
such disturbance after it is committed would be sheer folly, as it would have been 
committed by a force sufficient to defy punishment. 3Ioreover, 1 have entirely 
reliable information that an attempt on my jjart to perform the duties of presiding 
officer of the senate would be prevented by the United States authorities; and even 
if the information be incorrect, I do not consider it becoming the dignity of a free 
State that one of its principal officers should exercise his powers virtually at the suf- 
ferance of a military dictator claiming the right to suspend even the writ of habeas 
corpus. I believe history will furnish examples of protection given to such an 
officer in such an emergency by friendly foreign powers; and should no precisely 
similar example exist, I feel assured that the public opinion of your confederacy, as 



STATE GUAKD. 



261 



well as that of Missouri, would fully justify you in extending protection to the pre- 
Sdinrofficer of a bodv which, as the general assembly of Missouri has done, has 
unmistakably evinced its sympathy with your cause. , . t.^- • t i^^^r^A 

Under this sense of duty to the general assembly and people of Missouri I intend 
to return to the State, and, as soon as I can do so with a reasonable prospect of suc- 
cesf Si aroundme such of her citizens (and I know they can be counted by tens 
of thousands) who are willing to join me in the attempt to free her from the m li- 
ter rule now imposed upon her. To do so without meeting with prompt^expu s on 
Sore injurious to our cause than it would be not to make the attempt at all) is 
impossible unless I am accompanied by an army of the Confederate btates. Offi- 
cX, as presiding officer of the general assembly, I hereby request the aid of your 
government, and TnYite it to send with me a body of Contederate btates troops suffi- 
?ient to prevent a failure at the start, and to serve as a nucleus around which the 
Missourians may gather to form a home force to protect their menaced liberties, it 
you are wilUng to accept this invitation, the conditions and extent of the assistance 
can be settled hereafter in a pers<.nal interview or otherwise. 

Hoping for a prompt and, if possible, favorable answer, I have the honor to be, 
Mr. President, 

Verv respectfully, your obedient servant, 

yK^iy k: i, ., , j ThOMAS C. REYNOLDS, 

Lieutenant-Governor of the State of Missouri. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 692.] 

The proclamation of General Harney, inclosed by the lieutenant- 
governor, was evidently the following: 

Military Department of the West, 

St. Louis, May U, 1861. 

To the people of the State of Missouri: 

On mv return to the duties of the command of this department I find, greatly to 
my astonishment and mortification, a most extraordinary state of things existing in 
this State, deeply affecting the stability of the Government of the United States as 
well as the governmental and other interests of Missouri itself. ^ , . . ^ , 

As a citizen of Missouri, owing allegiance to the United States and having interests 
in common with von, I feel it my duty as well as privilege to extend a warning voice 
to mv fellow-citizens against the common dangers that threaten us, and to appeal to 
your'patriotism and sense of justice to exert all your moral power to avert them. 

It is with regret that I feel it mv duty to call your attention to the recent act ot 
the general assembly of Missouri, known as the "military bill," which is the result 
no doubt of the temporary excitement that now pervades the public mind, ims 
bill can not be regarded in anv other light than an indirect secession ordinance, 
ignoring even the forms resorted to by other States. Manifestly its most material 
provisions are in conflict with the Constitution and laws of the United States io 
this extent it is a nullitv, and can not and ought not to be upheld or regarded by 
the ^ood citizens of Missouri. There are obligations and duties resting upon the 
peor^e of Missouri under the Constitution and laws of the United States which are 
paramount, and which, I trust, you will <-arefully consider and weigh ^vell be ore 
vou will allow Yourselves to be carried out of the Union under the forni of yielding 
obedience to thi's military bill, which is clearly in violation of your duties as citizens 
of the United States. , , . i ■ , ^f 

It must be apparent to everyone who has taken a proper and unbiased view ot 
the subject that, whatever mai' be the termination of the unfortunate condition ot 
thincr/ in respect to the so-called cotton States, Missouri must share the destiny ot 
the Union. Her geographical position, her soil, productions, and, m short, all her 
material interests, point to this result. We can not shut our eyes against this con- 
trollincr fact. It is seen and its force is felt throughout the nation. So important is 
this regarded to the great interests of the country that I venture to express the opin- 
ion that the whole power of the Government of the United States, if necessary, will 
be exerted to maintain Missouri in her present position in the Union. 1 express to 
YOU in all frankness and sincerity, mv own deliberate convictions, without assum- 
ing 'to s].eak ff.r the Government of the United States, whose authority here and 
elsewhere I shall at all times and under all circumstances endeavor faithfully to 
uphold. I desire alwve all things most earnestly to invite my tellow-c-itizens dis- 
passionatelv to consider their true interests as well as their true relation to the Gov- 
ernment under which we live and to which we owe so much. 

In this connection I desire to direct attention to one subject which, no doubt, will 
be made the pretext for more or less popular excitement. I allude to the recent trans- 



262 MISSOUKI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

actions at Camp Jackson, near St. liOuis. It is not proper for me to comment upon 
the official conduct of my predecessor in command of tfiis department, but it is right 
and proper for the people of Missouri to know that the main avenue of Camp Jack- 
son, recently under command of General Frost, had the name of Davis, and a prin- 
cipal street of the same camp that of Beauregard, and that a body of men had been 
received into that camp by its commander which had been notoriously organized in 
the interests of the secessionists, the men openly wearing the dress and badge dis- 
tinguishing the army of the so-called Southern Confederacy. It is also a notorious 
fact that a quantity of arms had been received into the camp which were unlawfully 
taken from the United States arsenal at Baton Rouge and surreptitiously passed up 
the river in boxes marked "Marble." 

Upon facts like these, and having in view what occurred at Liberty, the people 
can draw their own inferences, and it can not be difhcult for anyone to arrive at a 
correct conclusion as to the character and ultimate purpose of that encampment. No 
government in the world would ))e entitled to respect that would tolerate for a moment 
such openly treasonable preparations. It is but simple justice, however, that I should 
state the fact that there were many good and loyal men in the camp who were in no 
manner responsible fo)' its treasonable character. 

Disclaiming as I do all desire or intention to interfere in any way with the pre- 
rogatives of the State of Missouri, or with the functions of its executive or other 
authorities, yet I regard it as my plain path of duty to express to the people, in 
respectful but at the same time decided language, that within the field and scope of 
my command and authority the " supreme law" of the land must and shall be main- 
tained, and no subterfuges, whether in the forms of legislative acts or otherwise, can 
be permitted to harass or oppress the good and law-abiding people of Missouri. I 
shall exert my authority to protect their persons and property from violations of 
every kind, and I shall deem it my duty to suppress all unlawful combinations of 
men, whether formed under pretext of military organizations or otherwise. 

Wm. S. Harney, 
Brigadier-General, United Stcdes Army, Commanding 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 371.] 

On June 5, 1861, an order was issued to hasten the equipment of the 
State Guard. Following is a cop^- of the order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 8. J Jefferson City, June 5, 1861. 

I. To hasten and facilitate the equipment of the Missouri State Guard the com- 
mander of each military district will cause to be purchased and manufactured in 
their respective districts such articles of camp and garrison equipage as can be 
obtained therein; and for this purpose the captains or commanders of companies will 
be authorized to procure, as far as they can, the equipments for their companies in 
their immediate localities. The certified account of all such canqj and garrison 
equipage, together with the bond of such commanders, will be forwarded to the 
division quartermaster of the district, and Ijy him transmitted to the quartermaster- 
general of the State, who will furnish the division quartermaster with necessary 
means to pay for same. 

II. The following is the allowance of camp and garrison equipage to each officer 
and company: Each general, 3 tents in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; tield and staff offi- 
cers above rank of captain, 2 tents in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; other staff officers 
and captains, 1 tent in the field, 1 ax, 1 hatchet; to every 15 foot and 13 mounted 
men, 1 tent in the field, 2 spades, 2 axes, 2 pickets, 2 camp kettles, 2 mess pans, 5 
hatchets, 1 iron pot; subalterns of companies (to every 2), 1 tent in the field, 1 ax, 
1 hatchet. 

III. Each regiment will adopt the State flag, made of blue merino, 6 by 5 feet, with 
the Missouri coat of arms in gold gilt on each side. Each mounted company will 
have a guidon, the flag of which will be of white merino, 3 by 22 feet, with the letters 
M. S. G. in gilt on each side. The length of the pike for colors and guidons will be 
9 feet long, including spear and ferule. Each company of infantry will have 1 drum 
and 1 fife. Each company of mounted men will have 2 bugles or trumpets. If 
the colors, guidons, drums, fifes, and bugles can not be procured in the district, requi- 
sitions will be made on the quartermaster-general of the State. 

By command of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: 

Henry Little, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

If the tents be of the small, triangular pattern, allow 6 of foot and 5 of mounted 
men to each. 

ribid.. Series T. Vol. LTTT. n. fi94.1 



STATE GUARD. 263 

On June 11, 1S61, a conference was held at the city of St. Louis 
between Governor Jackson and Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who had 
succeeded General Harney in the command of the Department of the 
West, the object, as stated by the governor, being to avert the horrors 
of civil war. The conference failed in its object, and on the 12th of 
June the governor issued his proclamation calling for .50.000 militia for 
the active service of the State. This proclamation, which recites the 
reasons for its issue, the objects for which the militia was to be em- 
ployed, the status of the State with reference to the Federal Union, 
and the duty of citizens to the State and the United States, is here 
given in full: 

A Proclamation. 
To tJie People of Mmouri : 

A series of unprovoked and unparalleled outrages have been inflicted upon the 
peace and dignity of this Commonwealth and upon the rights and liberties of its 
people by wicked and unprincipled men, professing to act under the authority of the 
United States Government. The solemn enactments of your legislature have been 
nullitied, your volunteer soldiers have been taken prisoners, your commerce with 
your sister States has been suspended, your trade with your own fellow-citizens has 
been and is subjected to the harassing control of an armed soldiery, peaceful citizens 
have been imprisoned without warrant of law, unoffending and defenseless men, 
women, and children have been ruthlessly shot down and murdered, and other 
unbearable indignities have been heaped upon your State and yourselves. 

To all these outrages and indignities you have submitted with a patriotic forbear- 
ance which has only encouraged the perpetrators of these grievous wrongs to attempt 
still bolder and more daring usurpations. It has been my earnest endeavor under 
all these embarrassing circumstances to maintain the peace of the State and to avert, 
if possible, from our borders the desolating effects of a civil war. With that object 
in view I authorized Major-General Price several weeks ago to arrange with General 
Harney, conunanding the Federal forces in this State, the terms of an agreement by 
which the peace of the State might be preserved. They came, on the 21st of May, 
to an understanding, which was made public. The State authorities have faithfully 
labored to carry out the ternas of that agreement. The Federal Government, on the 
other hand, not only manifested its strong disapprobation of it by the instant dis- 
missal of the distinguished officer who on its part entered into it, but it at once began 
and has unintermittingly carried out a system of hostile operations in utter contempt 
of that agreement and in reckless disregard of its own plighted faith. These acts 
have latterly portended revolution and civil war so unmistakably that I resolved to 
make one further effort to avert these dangers from j-ou. I therefore solicited an 
interview with Brigadier-General Lyon, commanding the Federal army in Missouri. 
It was granted, and on the 10th instant, waiving all questions of personal and official 
dignity, I went to St. Louis, accompanied by ^Slajor-General Price. 

We had an interview on the 11th instant with General Lyon and Col. F. P. Blair, 
jr., at which I submitted to them this proposition: That I would disband the State 
Guard and break up its organization; that I would disarm all the companies which 
have been armed by the State; that I would pledge myself not to attempt to organize 
the militia under the military bill; that no arms or munitions of war should be 
brought into the State; that I would protect all citizens equally in all their rights, 
regardless of their political opinions; that I would repress all insurrectionary move- 
ments within the State; that I would repel all attempts to invade it, from whatever 
quarter and by whomsoever made, and that I would thus maintain a strict neutrality 
in the present unhappy contest, and preserve the ]:)eace of the State. And I further 
proposed that I would, if necessary, invoke the assistance of the United States troops 
to carry out these pledges. All this I proposed to do upon condition that the Federal 
Government would undertake to disarm the Home Guards, which it has illegally 
organized and armed throughout the State, and jjledge itself not to occu]iy with its 
troops any localities in the State not occupied Ijy them at this time. 

Nothing but the most earnest desire to avert the horrors of civil war from our 
beloved State could have tempted me to propose these humiliating terms. They 
were rejected by the Federal officers. They demanded not only the disorganization 
and disarming of the State militia and the nullification of the military bill, but they 
refused to disarm their own Home Guards, and insisted that the Federal Government 
should enjoy an unrestricted right to mos'e and station its troops throughout the 
State whenever and wherever that might, in the opinion of its officers, be necessary, 



264 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

either for the protection of the "loyal subjects" of the Federal Government or for 
the repelling of invasion, and they plainly announced that it was the intention 
of the Administration to take military occupation under these pretexts of the whole 
State, and to reduce it, as avowed by General Lyon himself, to the " exact condition 
of Maryland." 

The acceptance by me of these degrading terms would not only have sullied the 
honor of ]NIissouri, but would have aroused the indignation of every brave citizen, 
and precipitated the very conflict which it has been my aim to prevent. We refused 
to accede to them, and the conference was broken up. Fellow-citizens, all our efforts 
toward conciliation have failed. We can hope nothing from the justice or modera- 
tion of the agents of the Federal Government in this State. They are energetically 
hastening the execution of their bloody and revolutionary schemes for the inaugura- 
tion of a civil war in your midst; for the military occupation of your State by armed 
bands of lawless invaders; for the overthrow of your State government, and for the 
subversion of those liberties which that government lias always sought to protect, 
and they intend to exert their whole power to sul)jugate you, if i^ossible, to the 
military despotism which has usurped the powers of the Federal Government. 

Now, therefore, I, C F. Jackson, governor of the State of Missouri, do, in view of 
the foregoing facts and by virtue of the powers vested in me by the constitution and 
laws of this Commonwealth, issue this my proclamation, calling the militia of the 
State, to the number of 50,000, into the active service of the State, for the purpose 
of repelling said invasion, and for the protection of the lives, liberty, and property 
of the citizens of this State, and I earnestly exhort all good citizens of Missouri to 
rally under the flag of their State for the protection of their endangered homes and 
firesides, and for the defense of their most sacred rights and dearest liberties. 

In issuing this proclamation, I hold it to be my solemn duty to remind you that 
Missouri is still one of the United States; that the executive department of the State 
government does not arrogate to itself the power to disturb that relation; that that 
power has been wisely vested in a convention, which will at the proper time express 
your sovereign will, and that meanwhile it is your duty to obey all the constitu- 
tional requirements of the Federal Government; but it is equally my duty to advise 
you that your first allegiance is due to your own State, and that you are under no 
obligation whatever to obey the unconstitutional edicts of the military despotism 
which has enthroned itself at Washington, nor to submit to the infamous and degrad- 
ing sway of its wicked minions in this State. No brave and true-hearted Missourian 
will obey the one or submit to the other. Rise, then, and drive out ignominiously 
the invaders who have dared to desecrate the soil which your labors have made 
fruitful and which is consecrated by your homes. 

Given under mv hand as governor and under the great seal of the State of Missouri 
at Jefferson City this 12th day of June, 1861. 

Claiborne F. Jackson, 

By the Governor: 

B. F. INIassey, Secretary of State, 

[Ibid., p. 696.] 

On the date of the governor's proclamation the commanders of the 
several districts of the Missouri State Guai-d were directed to immedi- 
atel}^ assemble all available troops in their respective districts " for 
actual service/' The order for this purpose was in the following- 
terms: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 11. J Jefferson City, Mo., June 12, 1861. 

I. The commanders of the military districts of the Missouri State Guard will 
immediately assemble all the available troops in their respective districts for actual 
service. 

II. The forces of the Third District will, as they assemble, march by regiments, 
battalions, or companies, without delay, to Boonville, Cooper County, which will 
be the rendezvous. On their arrival at this place the commanders of such regi- 
ments, battalions, and companies will report to the senior officer present, who will 
report each arrival to these headquarters and to the commander of the Sixth Mili- 
tary District. 

III. The forces of the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth 
will assemble in camp, the place to be designated by the respective district com- 
manders, who will rejiair in person to said camp and superintend the organization 
and equipment of their commands. They will, from time to time, report to these 
headquarters the number and condition of their command. 



STATE GUARD. 265 

IV. The district quartermasters and commissaries will use all the means at their 
command in their respective districts to furnish supplies for this movement, and will 
make requisitions on the quartermaster-general and commissary-general for funds. 

By command of Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

Henky Little, AK<^ii<(ant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 592.] 

The governor's proclamation and the order for the asseniblag-e of 
the Missouri State Guard was followed almost imraediately by open 
hostilities, which it is not the purpose of this paper to discuss. 

On June 16, 1801, General Parsons was directed to hasten with his 
command to Boonville, bringino- with him such men as might join him 
on the way (Ibid.. Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 699). and on July 4, 1861, the 
following general order was issued for the organization of the forces 
in the field: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 16. i Camp Lamar, July 4, 1861. 

The commander in chief issues the following general orders for the government of 
the forces now in the field: 

I. The several brigadier-generals now in the field will proceed forthwith to the 
organization of the f(irces from their respective districts, and all companies or parts 
of companies from the Second District will report their strength and equipments, 
together with a list of their commissioned officers, to Gen. John B. Clark and be 
attached to his command. All companies and parts of companies from the Fifth Dis- 
trict will make a like report to Gen. W. Y. Slack and be attached to his command. 
All companies and parts of companies from the First, Eighth, and Ninth districts will 
make a like report to Gen. M. M. Parsons and be attached to his command. 

II. Col. John Reid is hereby detailed as commissary-general of the forces now in 
the field, and the commissaries of the several brigades will make to him a full and 
complete return as soon as practicable of all the commissary stores under their con- 
trol, which will be equitably distributed by him to the several brigades upon requisi- 
tions from the proper officers. 

III. In the absence of the quartermaster-general. Acting Quartermaster Edward 
Haren will, through himself and the quartermasters of brigades and their assistants, 
have charge of the transportation of the forces now in the field, as provided by law. 

By order of C. F. Jackson, Commander in Chief: 

Warwick Hough, Adjutant- General. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 705.] 

On July 10, 1861, Brig. Gen. A. E. Steen, commanding the Fifth 
Military District, was directed to organize his division (Official Records 
of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. TIO), 
and on the 11th of July the following order was issued: 

General Orders, ) Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 3. / Covskin Prairie, July 11, 1861. 

I. The State troops now in the field will be designated as follows: First Division, 
Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons; Second Division, Missouri State 
Forces, Brig. Gen. J. S. Rains; Third Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. J. B. 
Clark; Fourth Division, Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. W. Y. Slack; Fifth Division, 
Missouri State Forces, Brig. Gen. A. E. Steen. 

II. Brigadier-generals commanding divisions will proceed to organize into regi- 
ments and battalions all the companies in their commands not already so organized. 
This organization, being by divisions, will be entered accordingly, as First, Second, 
or Third Regiment of Infantry; First, Second, or Third Division; the same in regard 
to other arms of artillery or cavalry. The companies in each regiment or battalion 
will be lettered as A, B, C, etc. Each division commander will reiwrt such organiza- 
tion, with the names of the field officers elected, to headquarters. 

******* 

By order of Gen. S. Price, commanding: 

H. Little, Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 710.] 



266 MISSOURI TROOPS- — CONFEDERATE. 

On the 16th of July Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons, the senior brigadier- 
general of the Missouri State Guard, was assigned to the command of 
the forces in the held during the temporary absence of Major-General 
Price, and Col. Horace Brand, First Regiment Ritiemen, Sixth District, 
was appointed inspector-general on the staff of the major-general com- 
manding. (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 
Series I, Vol. LIll, p. 713.) 

On August 1, 1861, Brig. Gen. M. Jeff. Thompson issued from 
the headquarters of the First Militar}" District of the Missouri State 
Guard at Bloomtield, Mo., a proclamation appealing to the '•'people 
of Missouri^' to rally to his standard. Again it becomes necessar}" to 
refer to Moore's Rebellion Record, no official copy of this procla- 
mation having been found. As recorded in the publication referred 
to (Vol. II, Docs., p. 1:57) the proclamation i-eads: 

Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

Bloomjield, Mo., August 1, 1861. 

MISSOURIANS! STRIKE FOR YOUR FIRESIDES AND YOUR HOMEs! 

To the people of Missouri: 

Having been elected to command the gallant sons of the First Military District of 
Missouri in the second war of independence, I appeal to all whose hearts are with 
us immediately to take the field. By a speedy and simultaneous assault on our foes 
we can, like a hurricane, scatter them to the winds; while tardy action, like the 
gentle south wind, will only meet with northern frosts, and advance and recede, 
and like the seasons will be like the history of the war, and will last forever. Come, 
now; strike while the iron is hot! Our enemies are whipped in Virginia. They have 
been whipped in Missouri. General Hardee advances in the center. General Pillow 
on the right, and General McCulloch on the left, with 20,000 brave Southern hearts 
to our aid. So leave your plows in the furrow and your oxen in the yoke, and 
rush like a tornado upon our invaders and foes, to sweep them from the face of the 
earth or force them from the soil of our State! Brave sons of the Ninth District, 
come and join us! We have plenty of ammunition and the cattle on ten thousand 
hills are ours. We have 40,000 Belgian muskets coming; but bring your guns and 
muskets with you, if you have them; if not, come without them. We will strike 
your foes like a Southern thunderbolt, and soon our camp fires will illuminate the 
Meramec and Missouri. Come, turn out! 

Jeff. Thompson, 
Briga dier- Gen eral Coin man ding. 

On August 11. 1861, General Price announced in orders the appoint- 
ment of Phineas M. Savery as provost-marshal of the Missouri army, 
with the rank of major, and directed him to recruit a company. He 
also congratulated the army on the ]>rilliant victory won at the battle 
of Wilson's Creek on the 10th of August (Official Records of the Union 
and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 727), and on the 
20th of the same month he issued a proclamation announcing "to the 
people of Missouri " that the army under his command had been 
organized under the laws of the State for the protection of their 
homes and firesides and for the maintenance of the rights, dignity, 
and honor of Missouri. He assured them that he was determined to 
protect every peaceable citizen in the full enjoyment of his rights, 
whatever may have been his sympathies, if he had not taken an active 
part in the warfare that had been waged against the good people of 
the State, at the same time warning evil-disposed persons who should 
support the usurpation of anyone claiming to be the provisional or 
temporary governor of the State, or who should in any other way 
give aid or comfort to the enemy, that thev would be held as enemies 



STATE GUARD. 267 

and treated accordingly. The full text of the proclamation is as 
follows: 

Jefferson City, August 20, 1S61. 
To the people of Missouri. 

Fellow-Citizens: The army under my command has been organized under the 
laws of the State for the protection of your homes and firesides and for tlie mainte- 
nance of the rights, dignity, and honor of Missouri. It is kept in the field for these 
purposes alone, and to aid in accomplishing them our gallant Southern brethren have 
come into our State. With the.se we have achieved a glorious victory over the foe, 
and scattered far and wide the well-appointed army which the usurper at Washington 
has been more than six months gathering for your subjugation and enslavement. 
This victory frees a large portion of the State from the power of the invaders and 
restores it to the protection of its army. It consequently becomes my duty to assure 
you that it is my firm determination to protect every peaceable citizen in the full 
enjoyment of all his rights, whatever may have been his sympathies in the present 
unhappy struggle, if he has not taken an active part in the cruel warfare which has 
been waged against the good people of this State by the ruthless enemies whom we 
have just defeated. I therefore invite all good citizens to return to their homes and 
the practice of their ordinary avocations, with the full assurance that they, their 
families, their homes, and their property shall be carefully protected. I at the same 
time warn all evil-disposed persons who may support the usurpations of anyone 
claiming to be provisional or temporary governor of Missouri, or who shall in any 
other way give aid or comfort to the enemy, that they will be held as enemies and 
treated accordingly. 

Sterling Price, 
Major-Oeneral, Commanding Missouri State Guard. 

[Ibid., p. 730.] 

On October 23. 1861. an order was issued by Major-General Price 
for the reorganization of the divisions of the Missouri State Guard. 
Thi.s order is as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 63. i Camp near Neosho, October S3, 1861. 

Paragraph No. 1, of General Orders, No. 3, July, 1861, organizing and designating 
the divisions, being an error, is hereby corrected, and in accordance with the require- 
ments of the military bill the divisions will in future be designated as follows: First 
Division, composed of troops from the counties of St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve, 
Perry, Cape Girardeau, Bollinger, Madison, Iron, Wayne, Stoddard, Scott, Missis- 
sippi, New Madrid, Butler, Dunklin, Pemiscot; Second Division, composed of troops 
from the counties of Scotland, Clark, Knox, Lewis, Shelby, Marion, Monroe, Ralls, 
Pike, Audrain, Callaway, Montgomery, Lincoln, Warren, and St. Charles; Third 
Division, composed of troops from the counties of Putnam, Schuyler, Sullivan, Adair, 
Linn, Macon, Chariton, Randolph, Howard, and Boone; Fourth Division, composed 
of troops from the counties of Gentry, Harrison, Mercer, Grundy, DeKalb, Daviess, 
Livingston, Clinton, Caldwell, Ray, Carroll, and Worth; Fifth Division, composed of 
troops from the counties of Atchison, Nodaway, Holt, Andrew, Buchanan, Platte, 
and Clay; Sixth Division, C(jmposed of troops from the counties of Saline, Pettis, 
Cooper, Moniteau, Cole, (Jsage, Gasconade, Maries, Miller, Morgan, Camden, Pulaski, 
and Phelps; Seventh Division, composed of troops from the counties of Dallas, 
Laclede, Texas, Dent, Reynolds, Shannon, Wright, Webster, Greene, Christian, 
Stone, Taney, Douglas, Ozark, Howell, Oregon, Carter, and Ripley; Eighth Division, 
composed of troops fnjm the counties of Jackson, La Fayette, Cass, Johnson, Bates, 
Henry, Benton, Hickory, Polk, St. Clair, Vernon, Cedar, Dade, Barton, Ja.sper, 
Lawrence, Newton. ^McDonald, and Barry; Ninth Division, composed of troops from 
the counties of St. Louis, Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, and Crawford. 

By order of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: 

[H. Little, Adjutant-General.'] 

[Ibid., p. 750.] 

On the 24th of November an address was issued bj^ Brigadier- 
General Parsons to his friends and fellow-citizens of the Sixth Mill- 



268 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

tary District, appealing to them to join hi« standard. Following is a 
copy pf his address: 

Headquarters Sixth Military District, Missouri State Guard, 

Camp on Cedar Creel', November 24, 1861. 
To my friends and felloic-cltizens of the Sixth Military District of Missouri: 

Six mouths have elapsed oince I have had the honor of addressing any of you, 
except my veterans who were in the field with me. You will remember that in June 
last I left your district with a handful of men for the confines of Arkansas. Although 
few in number when I left, our forces increased until I was enabled to meet, with 
my brother generals, the mercenary foe upon the fields of Carthage and put him to 
rout, thus securing my original object of making Arkansas the base of future opera- 
tions. Aided by the troops of the Confederate States, from this position we were 
enabled to meet the great hero of the Federal Army upon the bloody field of Wilson's 
Creek, and vanquished him with the loss of his life and the demoralization of his 
entire army. 

My countrymen, these deeds of chivalry would alone have been sufficient to have 
placed unfading laurels upon the brows of my soldiers, but, although I had buried 
upon that bloody field many of my gallant comrades in arms, our exertions did not 
cease there. Our march was onward. We again met the enemy at Dry Wood, and 
the gallant little division which I had the honor to command again gallantly met 
the enemy while he was pursuing our retiring friends, and, driving him from the 
field, saved their artillery and munitions from capture. 

Yet the undaunted spirit of your military district was not yet satiated. Glory 
still led them on. The strong fortifications of Lexington were in front; straightway 
to them their columns wended. In a four days' siege Lexington fell, and your divi- 
sion was honored with the position of receiving the surrender of the enemy. 

Circumstances, over which your general in chief and myself had no control, forced 
us again to retire upon the confines of Arkansas. We were followed by an army 
under General Fremont — an army, the Ijest appointed that ever mart-hed upon the 
Western Continent — and after having stationed ourselves in a position where we 
could give the enemy battle, he halted, pondered, and finally turned, in precipitate 
retreat, before our veteran soldiers. 

We again have come upon the borders of your military district. Our soldiers are 
as energetic, as brave, as willing, and as anxious to meet the enemy as ever, and 
they will meet him, and vanquish him, too, if he dares present a hostile front. But 
then, ray countrymen, let me appeal to you. Do you intend to live in ease, in 
winter comforts, and far from danger, by your own firesides and with your own 
families, and allow these veterans of five battles still to war for your security, j^our 
lives, and your property? I believe you will not. Then I ask you in the name of 
all that we cherish upon this earth, in the name of our honor, our families, and of 
those who are to come after us, to rally to the call of your gallant old leader, the 
general in chief. Of course some will fall in this bloody strife. Many fields may 
yet run red with the Vjlood of our brethren. Yet, why should we despond? It is 
by the blood of martyrs that liberty is maintained, and as for those who have already 
fallen, or those wdio may hereafter fall, we will visit them in our memories with the 
poet's couplet: 

How sleep the brave, who sink to rest 
By all their country's wishes blest! 
Tiiere Honor conies, a pilgrim gray, 
To bless the turf that wraps their clay; 
And Freedom shall a while repair, 
To dwell, a weeping hermit, there. 

I will not close this appeal without calling upon our friends from the St. Louis 
District. Brave Kelly is here, who has bled for our cause upon the bloody field of 
Wilson's Creek. His gallant command has been cut down by the fate of battle. 
Are there no bold spirits, no brave Irish hearts in the St. Louis District, who will 
rally to his standard? I know there are. An invitation and opportunity is all they 
desire. Let them come. 

My countrymen, the invader is already faltering and retiring before us; one more 
grand contest and our country is free. 

M. :M. Parsons, 
Brigadier-General, Sixth District. 

[Ibid., p. 756.] 

Two days later a stirring appeal was addressed by General Price to 
the people of central and north Missouri, iirgenth' calling for 50,000 



STATE GUARD. 269 

volunteers for his ai'iiiy. To empha.size this appeal he stated tliat to 
the call of the chief magistrate in June, 18H1, for 50,U<)0 men for serv- 
ices in the State (iuard less than 5,000 had responded. The proclama- 
tion reads as follows: 

Proclamation to the People of Central and North Missouri. 

Marshall, Mo., November 26, ISGl. 
Fellow-citizens: 

In the month of June la^^t I was called to the command of a handful of Missourians, 
who nolily gave up home and comfort to espouse in that gloomy hour the cause of 
your Ijleeding country, struggling with the most causeless and cruel despotism known 
among civilized men. When i)eace and protection could no longer be enjoyed but 
at the price of honor and liberty your chief magistrate called for .50,000 men "to drive 
the ruthless invader from a soil made fruitful by your labors and consecrated by your 
homes. 

To that call less than .5,000 responded; out of a male population exceeding 200,000 
men, one in forty only stepped forward to defend with their persons and their lives 
the cause of constitutional liberty and human rights. 

Some allowances are to be made on the score of a want of military organization, a 
supposed want of arms, the necessary retreat of the army southward, the blockade 
of the river, and the presence of an armed and organized foe. But nearly six months 
have now elapsed; your crops have been tilled; your harvests have been reaped, 
your preparations for winter have been made; the army of Missouri, organized anci 
equipped, fought its way to the river; the foe is still in the field; the country l)leeds 
and our people groan under the inflictions of a foe marked with all the characteristics 
of barbarian warfare, and where now are the 50,000 to avenge our wrongs and free 
our country? Had .50,000 men flocked to our standard with their shotguns in their 
hands there would not now )>e a Federal hii-eling in the State to pollute our soil.' 
Instead of ruined communities, starving families, and desolated districts, we should 
have had a people blessed with protection and with stores to supply the wants and 
necessities and comforts of life. Where are those 50,000 men? Are Missourians no 
longer true to themselves? Are they a timid, time-serving, craven race, fit only for 
subjection to a despot? Awake, my countrymen, to a sense of what constitutes the 
dignity and true greatness of a free people. A few men have fought your battles; a 
few men have dared the dangers of the battlefield; a few have borne the hardships 
of the camj), the scorching suns of summer, the frosts of winter, the malaria of the 
swamps, the privations incident to our circumstances, fatigue, and hunger and thirst, 
often without blankets, without shoes, with insuflicient clothing, with the cold, wet 
earth for a bed, the sky for a covering, and a stone for a pillow, glad only to meet 
the enemy on the field, where some paid the noblest devotion known among men 
on earth to the cause of your country and your rights with their lives. 

But where one has been lost on the field three have been lost by diseases induced 
by privation and triil. During all these trials we have murmured not; we offered all 
we had on earth at the altar of our common country — our own beloved Missouri — 
and we only now ask our fellow-citizens, our l)rethren, to come to us and help to 
secure what we have gained and to win our glorious inheritance from the cruel hand 
of the spoiler and the oppressor. Come to us, brave sons of ^lissouril Rally to our 
standard! I must have 50,000 men. I call upon you in the name of your country 
for .50,000 men. Do you stay at home to take care of your property? Millions of 
dollars have been lost because you stayed at home. Do you stay at home for protec- 
tion? More men have been murdered at home than I have lost in five successive 
l)attles. Do you stay at home to secure terms with the enemy? Then, I warn you, 
the day may soon come when you may be surrendered to the mercies of that enemy 
and your sul)stance be given up to the Hessian and the jayhawker. I can not, I will 
not, attribute such motives to you, my countrymen. 

But where are our Southern-rights friends? We must drive the opi)ressor from 
our land. I must have 50,000 men. Now is the crisis of your fate; now the golden 
opportunity to save the State; now is the day of your political salvation. The time 
of enlistment for our brave band is beginning to expire. Do not tax their patience 
beyond endurance; do not longer sicken their hearts by hope deferred. They begin 
to inquire, " Where are our friends? " Who shall give them an answer? Boys and 
small property holders have in the main fought the battles for the jirotection of your 
property, and when they ask, "Where are the men for whom we are fighting?" how 
can I, how shall I exjilain? 

Citizens of Missouri, I call upon you by every consideration of interest, by everj^ 
desire for safety, by every tie that binds you to home and country, delay no longer. 
"Let the dead bury their dead." Leave your property to take care of itself. Com- 



270 MISSOURI TROOPS^ CONFEDERATE. 

mend your homes to the protection of God, and merit the admiration and love of 
childhood and womanhood by showing yourselves men, the sons of the brave and 
free, who bequeathed to us the sacred trust of free institutions. C,ome to the army 
of Missouri, not for a week or month, but to free your country. 

strike till each armed foe expires! 
Strike for your altars and your fires! 
For the green graves of your sires, 
God and your native land! 

The l)urning fires of patriotism must inspire and lead you or all is lost; lost, too, 
just at the moment when all might be forever saved. Numbers give strength. Num- 
bers intimidate the foe. Numbers save the necessity often of fighting battles. Num- 
bers make our arms irresistible. Numbers command universal respect and insure 
confidence. We must have men — 50,000 men. Let the herdsman leave his folds. 
Let the farmer leave his fields. Let the mechanic leave his shop. Let the lawyer 
leave his offic-e till we restore the supremacy of law. Let the aspirants for office and 
place know they will be weighed in the balance of patriotism and may be found 
wanting. If there be any craven, crouching spirits who have not the greatness of 
soul to respond to their country's call for help, let them stay at home, and let only 
the brave and true come out to join their brethren on the tented field. 

Come with supplies of clothing, and with tents, if you can procure them. Come 
with your guns of any description that can be made to bring down a foe. If you 
have no arms, come without them, and we will supply you as far as that is i^ossible. 
Bring cooking utensils and rations for a few weeks. Bring blankets and heavy shoes 
and extra bed clothing if you have them. Bring no horses to remain with the Army 
except those necessary for Imggage transportation. We must have 50,000 men. Give 
me these men and, by the help of God, I will drive the hireling bands of thieves and 
marauders from the State. But if Missourians fail now to rise in their strength and 
avail themselves of the propitious moment to strike for honor and liberty, you can 
not say that we have not done all we could do to save you. 

You will be advised in time at what point to report for organization and active 
service. Leave your property at home. What if it be taken — all taken? We have 
$200,000,000 worth of Northern means in Missouri which can not be removed. When 
we are once free the State will indemnify every citizen who may have lost a dollar by 
adhesion to the cause of his country. We shall have our property or its value with 
interest. But, in the name of God and the attributes of manhood, let me ajjpeal to 
you by considerations infinitely higher than money! Are we a generation of drivel- 
ing, sniveling, degraded slaves? Or are we men who dare assert and maintain the 
rights which can not be surrendered, and defend those principles of everlasting rec- 
titude, pure and high and sacred, like God, their author? Be yours the office to 
choose between the glory of a free country and a just government and the bondage 
of your children! I will never see the chains fastened upon my country. I will ask 
for six and a half feet of ^Missouri soil in which to repose, l)ut will not live to see my 
people enslaved. 

Do I hear your shouts? Is that your war cry \Yhich echoes through the land? Are 
you coining? Fifty thousand men! Missouri shall move to victory with the tread of 
a giant! Come on, my brave boys, 50,000 heroic, gallant, unconquerable Southern 
men! We await your coming. 

STERLiNci Price, 
Major-deneral, Commanding. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 695.] 

On the 2d day of December, 1861, elections were held in several 
divisions of the Missouri State Guard for division commanders, and 
the results of these elections were announced in order as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 111. i Camp on Sac River, December 2, 1861. 

1. In accordance with General Orders, No. 89, of November 20, 1861, an election 
for brigadier-general was this day held in the Second, Third, and Fourth Divisions, 
and the following-named officers were declared duly elected according to law: Mar- 
tin E. Green, brigadier-general Second Division; Edwin W. Price, brigadier-general 
Third Division; W. Y. Slack, brigadier-general Fourth Division. Brig'. Gen. Martin 
E. Green will assume command of the Second Division, and Brig. Gen. E. W. Price 
of the Third Division, and Brig. Gen. W. Y. Slack will continue in connnand of the 
Fourth Division, which he has heretofore commanded as brigadier-general of the 
Fourth Military District by virtue of appointment of the governor of the State. 

By order of Major-General Price: 

H. Little, Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 758.] 



STATE GUARD. 271 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 115. J Camp on Sac Rivei-, December 4, 1861. 

I. In accordance with General Orders, No. 89, of November 20, 1861, an election 
was held in the Seventh and Eighth Divisions December 2, 1861, and the following- 
named officers were declared duly elected according to law: James H. McBride, 
brigadier-general of Seventh Military District; James S. Rains, brigadier-general of 
Eighth Military District. 

II. Brig. Gen. James H. McBride will continue in command of the Seventh Divi- 
sion and Brig. Gen. James S. Rains will continue in command of the Eighth Division, 
which they have heretofore commanded as brigadier-generals of the Seventh and 
Eighth Military Districts, respectiveh^ by virtue of appointment from the governor 
of the State. 



H. Little, Adjutant-General. 



By order of Major-General Price: 

[Ibid., p. 759.] 

The terms of enlistment of the Missouri State Guard were now 
expiring; some were enlisting- in the Confederate service and many 
were returning to their homes. Signs of demoralization and disinte- 
gration were abundant. Of these the following are in evidence. 
Brig. Gen. M. Jeff. Thompson, commanding the First Military Dis- 
trict, said in a letter to Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow dated at New 
Madrid. Mo., December 7, 1861: 

* * * The terms of enlistment of my men are expiring every day, and while 
there is so much suspense many are desiring to leave who would cheerfully enlist if 
matters could be placed right. * * * 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 704.] 

To Brig. Gen. M. L. Clark, Missouri State Guard, then at Rich- 
mond, Va., General Thompson said on the same date: 

Headquarters First Military District, Missouri State Guard, 

Xcw Madrid, Mo., December 7, 1861. 
Brig. Gen. M. L. Clark, 

Missouri State Guard, Richmond, Ya. 
Dear General: There has been a great deal of dissatisfaction among the men you 
left here, and upon the return of Colonel Kennelly, who was anxious to have some 
of them go with him, and on a representation that you had accepted a position in 
the Regular Army, they determined to disband. The officers all seemed willing 
and anxious, and I, not feeling willing or disposed to hold them against their desire 
when we were all about reorganizing, gave my consent, and yesterday they scattered 
to the four winds. Kelly, Peterson, Wise, and Brannon remain with me. Some 
went. Frost and Bower and the majority have returned to St. Louis County. The 
terms of enlistment of my men are expiring each day, and as we have not been able 
to get a single official order or instruction as to the plan of reorganization, I am 
having great trouble to satisfy the men. If you can throw any light upon the sub- 
ject I will be much obliged to you. 

Believe me to be, yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Brigadier- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 70.3.] 

And on the following day General Thompson said in a letter to 
Governor Jackson: 

Headquarters First Military District, Missouri State Guard, 

New Madrid, Mo., December 8, 1861. 
His Excellency C. F. Jackson, 

Governor and Commander in Chief of Missouri, Richmond, Mo. 

Sir: I have been most anxiously waiting some definite instructions in regard to 

the expiration of the terms of enlistment of the men now in the field of the Missouri 

State Guard, and also about our organization under the Confederate States. The 

time of those who answered your call is fast expiring. In fact, every day whole 



272 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

companies are relieved by expiration of terms, and as many should and ought to go 
home, while others would come under different officers, the present efficiency of the 
force is decidedly below par. If the present organization is to be continued in the 
field another proclamation from you is necessary, and if a reorganization is to be 
had or gone into, it should be done soon and all at once, so that the appeals and 
excitement can be used to better advantage. I can raise a brigade without any 
trouble, if allowed to manage it now; but if separate companies and regiments are 
allowed to break up ami form at different times there will be no enthusiasm and a 
great falling off in numbers. I have a great many men sick and they are dying by 
the wholesale. Please send me some orders on the subject of reorganization. 
Yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Brigadier- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 704.] 

On the 0th of December Governor Jackson was at General Thomp- 
son's headquarters, and the hitter wrote concerning- the plan of reor- 
g'anization : 

Headquarters First Military District, Missouri State Guard, 

Neiv Madrid, Mo., December 9, 1861. 
Col. W. G. Pheelan, 

Missouri State (iiiard, Camp Blanton, Mo. 
Dear Colonel: Governor Jackson is here, and I can now begin to talk with some 
knowledge of the plan of reorganization. It is proposed that all the able-bodied men 
shall enlist in the Confederate service, and from among themselves elect their field 
officers lip to the colonel. The balance are to form themselves into new companies 
and regiments of Missouri State Guard under the old law, subject to be called out at 
any time the governor may see fit. 

******* 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Brigadier-General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 705.] 

Again, on the !26th of December, General Thompson wrote: 

Headquakteks First Military District, Missouri State Guard, 

New Madrid, Mo. , December 26, 1861. 
Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, C. S. A., Columbus, Ky. 

Dear General: Nearly all my men are disbanded and comparatively but few have 
reenlisted. They seemed determined to take the Christmas holidays to themselves 
and are having a real noisy time of it. Two-thirds of those who have enlisted are 
"for the war," and I expect that all of those who join in January will be for the war. 
Those that come in later will be twelve-months' men. I have allowed each aspirant 
for office to open a kind of recruiting office, and I swear in each man myself, intend- 
ing to combine them as soon as I find elements which suit. 

1 disband the cavalry to-morrow, and will be without pickets for a few days. 
******* 

Yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Brigadier-General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 722.] 

Relative to the disl)andment of the regiments of General Thompson's 
command, that officer wrote to General Price, January 1, 1862: 

New Madrid, Mo., January 1, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, 

Missouri State Guard, in. Camp. 
Dear General: The instructions from your headquarters and your circular were 
received, and I have endeavored as far as possible to comply with your orders. I 
have, however, been very much discouraged by the action of my command and, from 
newspaper rumors, I am fearful you have suffered in the same way. I endeavored 
to get all to disband and reorganize on the same day, each company of men selecting 
at once their new officers, and without any cessation to go on with our good work, but 
I could not get a corporal's guard to agree to reenlist without first returning home or 



STATE GUARD, 273 

taking the Chris^tmas holidays or 8ome other excuse, and I had to adopt a plan to 
suit the condition of things; it was to march each regiment to the nearest safe point 
to the majority of their homes, and, setting different days for them to disband, to 
endeavor to induce them to reenlist. Of those disbanded at this place but few have 
volunteered up to this time. The Stoddard County regiment disVjands this day at 
Camp Blanton, in Stoddard County. The Dunklin County regiment disbands on 
the 4th at Clarkton, and the Ripley County regiment disbands on the 8th at Pitman's 
Ferry. How many of these will volunteer it is impossible to tell, but I am sure I 
will have but a skeleton force until February or March. The men are all sounder 
than the officers, and if I could but stop their croaking all would be well. I do not 
censure all, for many of them are patriotic gentlemen, who are willing to serve any- 
where or work in any kind of harness, but many also who can not be reelected, from 
incompetency or other causes, for the purpose of covering their own defeat, hunt a 
thousand excuses, and delay others who would immediately join. 

I am now without an army, but still have hope, and if left single-handed and 
alone, I will keep the enemy in my neighborhood uneasy and on guard. 

* ****** 

Yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
[Ibid., p. 727.] Brigadier-General, Commanding. 

What with the dis1)andment of the old reg-iments, the organization 
of new ones for the State service, and the formation of volunteer regi- 
ments for the service of the Confederate States, to be treated in this 
paper under a separate head, the Missouri State Guard appears to have 
been at this time in a chaotic condition. The complex character of the 
commaod is illustrated by the following: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 47. i Camp on Cove Creek, Ark. , February 2S, 1862. 

Brig. Gen. D. M. Frost is assigned to duty as the commander of the Seventh Divi- 
sion, in place of Brig. Gen. J. H. McBride, resigned. He will remain in command 
of the division until it contains twenty companies, when an election of a brigadier- 
general will be ordered. General Frost will also have the command of the Third 
Brigade of Missouri Volunteers. 
By order of Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

Wm. H. Brand, 
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 755.] 

On April 8, 1862, at his headquarters at Des Arc, Ark., Maj. Gen. 
Sterling Price retired from the Missouri State Guard, which he had 
commanded since its organization. He had been commissioned a major- 
general in the Confederate service, and had been followed into that 
service by live thousand of those who had fought with him under the 
State flag. He appealed to others to go with them. His address on 
this occasion was as follows: 

General Orders, ^ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 79. ) Des Arc, Ark., Ajml 8, 1862. 

Soldiers of tlie State Guard: 

I command you no longer. I have this day resigned the commission which your 
patient endurance, your devoted patriotism, and your dauntless bravery have made 
so honorable. 1 have done this that I may the better serve you, our State, and our 
country; that I may the sooner lead you Vjack to the fertile prairies, the rich wood- 
lands, and majestic streams of our beloved Missouri; that I may the more certainly 
restore you to your once happy homes and to the loved ones there. 

Five thousand of those who have fought side by side with us under the Grizzly 
Bears of Missouri have followed me into the Confederate camp. They appeal to you, 
as I do, by all the tender memories of the past, not to leave us now, but to go with 
us wherever the path of duty may lead, till we shall have conquered a peace, and 
won our independence by brilliant deeds upon new fields of battle. 

Soldiers of the State Guard! Veterans of six pitched battles and nearly twenty 
skirmishes! Conquerors in them all! Your country, with its "ruined hearths and 

S. Doc. 412 18 



274 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

shrines," calls upon you to rally once more in her defense, and rescue her forever 
from the terrible thraldom which threatens her. I know that she will not call in 
vain. The insolent and barbarous hordes which have dared to invade our soil and 
to desecrate our homes have just met with a signal overthrow beyond the Mississippi. 
Now is the time to end this unhappy war. If every man will but do his duty, his 
own roof will shelter him in peace from the storms of the coming winter. 

Let not history record that the men who bore with patience the privations of Cow- 
skin Prairie, who endured uncomplainingly the burning heat of a Missouri summer, 
and the frosts and snows of a Missouri winter; that the men who met the enemy at 
Carthage, at Oak Hills, at Fort Scott, at Lexington, and in numberless lesser battle- 
fields in Missouri, and met them but to conquer them; that the men who fought so 
bravely and so well at Elkhorn; that the unpaid soldiery of Missouri were, after so 
many victories and after so much suffering, unequal to the great task of achieving 
the independence of their magnificent State. 

Soldiers! I go but to mark a pathway to our homes. Follow me! 

Sterling Price. 

[Ibid., p. 814.] 

In acceptino- General Price's resignation of liis State commission 
Governor Jackson referred to him in the following- complimentary 
terms : 

The commander in chief takes this occasion to express his sincere regret to the 
Missouri State Guard at the loss of so gallant, experienced, and distinguished an 
officer from their councils, and to encourage them in such a performance of their 
duties in the future as will keep bright the fame they have so nobly won under his 
leadership. 

[Ibid., p. 813.] 

On the .same date, April 8. 1862, the governor assigned Brig, Gen. 
M. M. Parsons, the senior division commander, to the conmiand of all 
the Missouri State (Tuard then in the field, with instructions to organize 
them into companies, battalions, and regiments, ''according to law." 
The governors order is as follows: 

General Orders, ] Headquarters Adjutant-General's Office, 

y Missouri State Guard, 

No. 26. J Den Arc, Arh., April 8, 1862. 

I. Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons is hereby specially detailed to the command of all 
the Missouri State Guard now in the field, and will immediately organize them into 
companies, battalions, and regiments, according to law. 

II. The army corps to be thus organized will consist exclusively of infantry and 
artillery. 

III. The general commanding will report as soon as practicable the entire force in 
the Missouri State Guard now remaining, rank and file. 

By order of the Governor: 

Warwick Hough, 
Adjutant-General of Missouri. 
[Ibid., p. 814.] 

On assuming command, pursuant to the preceding order, General 
Parsons issued the following: 

General Orders. \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 1. J Des Arc, Ark., April 9, 1862. 

I. By order of the governor of the State of Missouri, bearing date April 8, 1862, I 
have this day assumed the command of the Missouri State Guard. 

II. The above-mentioned troops will be immediately organized into companies, 
battalions, and regiments, according to the laws of the State of Missouri. 

III. Lieutenant-Colonel Shields is hereby detailed as inspector to muster and 
report the troops to these headquarters. 

IV. Generals of divisions will report immediately the entire force of their respec- 
tive commands. 

V. Division quartermasters, or, in their absence, regimental quartermasters, will 
immediately report all horses, mules, wagons, tents, camp equipage, and other 
property in their respective commands and belonging to the State of Missouri. They 



STATE aUARD. 275 

will also especially report all State property which has been transferred to the armies 
of the Confederate States. 

VI. Division ordnance officers will forthwith report all arms, ammunition, and 
artillery now belonging to the State of Missouri, and also all arms, annnunition, and 
artillery which may have been transferred to the Confederate Army. 

VII. Generals of division will cause the pay rolls of their respective commands to 
be made out and certified to without delay, as the funds for their payment are daily 
expected. 

VIII. Col. Joseph Kelly wall, until further orders, assume command of the Sixth 
Division of Missouri State Guard. 

By order of M. M. Parsons, brigadier-general, commanding Missouri State Guard: 

Austin M. Standish, 

Assistmit A djutanl- General. 
[Ibid., p. 815.] 

On the following da}' an order was issued by Maj. Gen. Earl Van 
Dorn, relieving- the Missouri State Guard from duty with his army; 
but this order, having been issued through a misunderstanding of Gov- 
ernor Jackson's intention with regard to the control of the State force, 
was promptly revoked. Owing to a then existing emergency, however, 
the contemplated reorganization of the State Guard was temporarih' 
deferred. The orders of General Van Dorn are as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Trans-Mississippi District, 

No. 46. I Des Arc, Ark., April 10, 1862. 

******* 
III. In consequence of the governor of Missouri having assumed the control of 
the Missouri State Guard and its organization, it is hereby relieved from further duty 
with this army, and will report for orders to his excellency. 
By order of Mai. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: 

D. H. Maury, 
Asmlant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., p. 816.] 



Special Orders, \ Headquarters Trans-Mississippi District, 

No. 48. J JDes Arc, Ark., April 11, 1862. 

The major-general commanding this district has ascertained, in an interview with 
Governor Jackson, of Missouri, that it was not his excellency's intention, by his 
order of the 8th instant, to assume control over the troops of the Missouri State 
Guard now in this army. Therefore Paragraph III, of Special Orders, No. 46, is 
hereby revoked. 

The present emergency demands the immediate services of every soldier of the 
army, and does not admit of the delay which will be unavoidable in making changes 
of organization. Therefore the reorganization of the Missouri State Guard, now 
serving under the orders of the major-general commanding this district, will be 
deferred until the earliest moment compatible with the interest of the service. 

By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: 

Dabney H. Maury, 
Assistant Adjidant- General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 814.] 

It appears that the Missouri State Guard became an integral part 
of the Army of the West, under the command of Major-General Van 
Dorn, and that it was transferred to the east side of the Mississippi 
River, thus diverting it from the service for which it was organized, 
viz, the defense of the State of Missouri. The "emergency" which 
delayed its reorganization, however, appears to have passed, and on 
the isth of April General Van Dorn issued the following order: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Army of the West, 

No. 55. i Memphis, Tenn., April 18, 1862. 

******* 
II. The troops of the Army of the West, known as the Missouri State Guard, will 
at once be organized into companies, battalions, and regiments, in conformity to the 
laws of Congress. 



276 MISSOURI TROOPS— CONFEDERATE. 

Those who have been, or may hereafter be, enrolled into the Confederate service 
will in like manner be organized in companies, battalions, and regiments. 

Major-General Price, to whose division these troops belong, is charged with the 
execution of this order. 
By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: 

Dabney H. Maury, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 
[Ibid., Series 1, Vol. X, Part II, p. 428.] 

On the 29th of April General Van Dorn thus addressed the governor 
of the State: 

Headquarters Army of the West, 

Memphis, Term., April 29, 1862. 
C. F. Jackson, Governor of Missouri. 

Governor: I have the honor to inform you that I have just learned that a battle 
near Corinth is imminent. This and other considerations induce me to say that 
unless the organization of the State Guard is completed to-morrow it will be impossi- 
ble for me to provide any further for them. 

The army has nearly all gone on. I go in the morning. If the organization of 
the guard is completed to-morrow it will at once be on the same footing as the other 
troops of the Confederacy with respect to supplies of every description. I hope, sir, 
that in the coming battle the country will not lose the services of so gallant a corps 
as that under your command. 

With great respect, your obedient servant, 

Earl Van Dorn, Mnjor-General. 
[Ibid., p. 465.] 

It will be observed that General Van Dorn's orders contemplated 
the organization of the State Guard in conformity with the laws of 
the Confederate Congress, and that in his letter to Governor Jackson 
he referred to them as ''troops of the Confederacy." Whether they 
were actually reorganized under the Confederate statutes does not 
appear of record, but that the}^ retained their status as State troops is 
shown by subsequent correspondence and orders. 

On June 18, 1862, the Missouri State Guard was relieved from duty 
in the Army of the West, in an order of which the following is 
a copy: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Army of the AVest, 

No. 117. J • Priceville, Miss., Jane 18, 1862. 

****** * 

II. The troops under the command of Gen. M. M. Parsons, known as the Mis- 
souri State Guard, are relieved from duty with this army and will prepare to march 
to-morrow with eight days' rations. The Confederate troops under General Parsons 
will, if artillery, report to the commanding ofhcer of the artillery brigade; if infantry 
or cavalry, will report to the commanding ofticer of their division (General Little). 
A battery of four pieces of artillery will march with them. The rest of the artillery 
of Parsoiis's brigade will be turned over to the chief of artillery, or such othcers as 
he may order to receive it, who will give the necessary receipts for the same. Gen- 
eral Parsons will cause descriptive lists to be furnished to the Confederate troops 
under his command. 

By order of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn: 

]M. M. KiM.MEL, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 610.] 

Referring to this order, Lieut. Col. George William Brent, writing 
on the same date from headquarters Western Department, said: 

The troops that have been discharged from the army of 3Iajor-General Van Dorn 
are not in the service of the Confederate States Army, but ]Missouri State Guard. 
All such troops may be allowed to go hence. 

[Ibid., p. 609.] 

On the 13th of July, the Missouri State Guard was relieved from 
further service east of the Mississippi River and ordered to join the 



STATE GUARD. 277 

command of IMajov-General Hindman in the Trans-Mississippi Dis- 
trict. General Bragg-, by whom this order was given, took occa.sion 
to express his appreciation of the soldierly qualities of the State 
troops. His order is as follows: 

Special Orders ) Headquarters Department No. 2, 

No. 115. I Tupelo, Miss., July 13, 1862. 

I. The Missouri State Guard, under command of Brig. Gen. M. M. Parsons, are 
relieved from further service east of the Mississippi River, and will proceed with the 
least practicable delav to join the forces of INIajor-General Hindman as soon as prac- 
ticable. The general commanding desires to express to General Parsons and his 
gallant officers and men his high appreciation of their patriotic devotion to the cause 
in which we are engaged, which has ever distinguished the citizens of Missouri in 
the armies of the Confederate States. 

II. The quartermaster's department will furnish the necessary means of transpor- 
tation to facilitate the earliest possible execution of this order. 

Bv command of General Bragg: 

Thomas Jordan", Chief of Staff . 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 855.] 

Soon after their return to the region west of the Mississippi, meas- 
ures were adopted having for their object the transfer of the State 
Guard to the Confederate service. Col. Waldo P. Johnson, a recruit- 
ing agent for the Confederate Government, writing to General Price, 
September 15, 1862, said: 

Little Rock, Ark., September 15, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price. 

General: I arrived here about one week since, reported to Major-General Holmes, 
who confirmed and enlarged my authority, modifying it in one particular only, 
requiring me to report to him alone officially the result of my efforts at recruiting in 
Missouri, and requesting me at the same time to advise you of the change. * * * 
On yesterdav the governor arrived, and after a long interview between the governor 
and'general,' at which I was present, the governor turned over to General Holmes all 
the State propertv at this place, embracing a large amount of clothing and other 
army stores; also all now in Mississippi. The governor also made an order turning 
over all the State Guards now in Missouri to the Confederate States, requiring them 
to report to me, withdrawing from all jjersons all power to recruit in future for the 
Missouri State Guard. I have not seen General Parsons, but arrangements are on 
foot to turn his entire command over to the Confederate States service, and I think 
it M'ill be successful, as Governor .lackson, General Hindman, and General Parsons 
are all trying to effect it in a manner satisfactory to the men. 

******* 

Waldo P. Johnson. 

[Ibid., p. 880.] 

No orders issued by the governor on the subject of the proposed 
transfer have been found of record, and whether or not the Missouri 
State Guard was actually turned over to the Confederate authorities 
has not been ascertained, but no record of their existence as a distinct 
military organization subsequent to the date of Colonel Johnson's let- 
ter has been discovered. As will hereafter be seen, however, an appro- 
priation was made a few days later by the Confederate Congress, and 
one at a still later date, for" the payment of State Guard troops serv- 
ing the Confederacy under orders from military commanders and by 
agreement between the Confederate and State authorities. It would 
seem from the terms of these appropriations that the service thus ren- 
dered was not as ofKcers and enlisted nien of the Confederate Arm}^, 
but as State militia in the service of the Confederate States. 

Some of the methods adopted and the difficulties encountered in 
obtaining recruits for the Missouri State Guard have already been 



278 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

shown in these pages. It may, however, be of interest to quote fur- 
ther testimony on this subject. 

On the 80th of August, 1861, ten days after the issue by Major- 
General Price of his proclamation (that of August 20, 1861) to the 
people of Missouri, Major-General Fremont, commanding the United 
States forces in that State, issued a proclamation in which he declared, 
among other things, that all persons who should be taken with arms 
in their hands within the lines of his arm}^ would be tried by court- 
martial, and if found guilty would be shot, and the property of those 
who should take arms against the United States or should Vje proven 
to have taken an active part with the enemies of the United States in 
the field was declared confiscated to the public use, and their slaves, 
if any, were declared free. (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series II, Vol. I, p. 221.) In answer to this procla- 
mation, Brig. Gen. M. Jeff. Thompson, commanding the First Military 
District, Missouri State Guard, promulgated the following: 

proclamation. 

Headquarters First Military District, Missouri State Guard, 

Camp Hunter, September 2, 1861. 
To ^ohom it may concern: 

Whereas, Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont, commanding the minions of Abraham Lin- 
coln in the State of Missouri, has seen fit to declare martial law throughout the whole 
State, and has threatened to shoot any citizen soldier found in arms within certain 
limits, also to confiscate the property and free the negroes belonging to the mem- 
bers of the Missouri State Guard; therefore, know ye that I, M. Jeff. Thompson, 
brigadier-general of the First Military District of Missouri, having not only the mili- 
tary authority of brigadier-general, but certain police powers granted by Acting 
Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, and confirmed afterwards by Governor Jackson, do 
most solemnly promise, that for every member of the ]\Iissouri State Guard or soldier 
of our allies, the armies of the Confederate States, who shall be put to death in pur- 
suance of said order of General Fremont, I will hang, draw, and quarter a minion of 
said Abraham Lincoln. 

While I am anxious that this unfortunate war shall be conducted, if possible, 
upon the most liberal principles of civilized warfare, and every order that I have 
issued has been with that object, yet if this rule is to be adopted (and it must first 
be done by our enemies), I inteiid to exceed General Fremont in his excesses and 
will make "all tories that come in my reach rue the day that a different policy was 
adopted by their leaders. Already mills, barns, warehouses, and other private 
property have been wastefully and wantonly destroyed by the enemy in this district 
while we have taken nothing except articles strictly contraband or absolutely 
necessary. Should these things be repeated I will retaliate tenfold, so help me God. 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Briyadier- General, Commanding. 

[Ibid., Series II, Vol. I, p. 181.] 

It may be stated that the confiscation and emancipation features of 
General Fremont's proclamation were promptly repudiated and set 
aside by President Lincoln. (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series I, Vol. Ill, p. -t85.) 

Of the methods employed by General Price in obtaining recruits for 
his army and the obstacles encountered, he wrote, December 31, 1861: 

Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

Springfield, December 23, 1861. 
Major-General Polk, Columbus, Ky. 

General: I acknowledge with very great pleasure the receipt of your letter of the 

4th instant. 

******* 

There are two main obstacles in the way of the successful prosecution of the war 
in this State, one of which ought to have been long since overcome, and the other 
of which ought never to have existed, and the present existence of both of which 



STATE GUARD. 279 

is due mainly, if not altogether, to the conduct of General McGulloch : First, the fact 
that the great majority of those who desire to take up arms on the part of the South 
are prevented from doing so by the enemy's occupation of the State, which closes to 
them every avenue of approach to my army, and, second, the dissatisfaction which 
General McCuUoch's constant refusal to cooperate with us has engendered in the 
nunds of the people of Missouri, and which leads them to doubt whether the Con- 
federate Government really sympathizes with and desires to aid them. 

The most populous and truest counties of the State lie upon or north of the Mis- 
souri River. Had General McCulloch, in response to my earnest entreaties, accom- 
panied me to that river immediately after the battle of Springfield, we could easily 
have maintained our position there until my army (which was, in fact, augmented 
from less than 6,000 to more than 16,000 men 'during the few days we lay there) 
would have lieen increased to at least 50,000, and four-fifths of the State would have 
fallen without a struggle into our possession. As it was, however, I was soon threat- 
ened by overwhelming numbers and compelled to fall back again to the southern 
border of the State, and thousands of those who had flocked to my standard, feeling 
that they had been betrayed and abandoned by the Confederate Government, 
returned to their homes discontented and disheartened. 

Again, after the late retreat of the army from the southwest, I begged General 
McCulloch to accompany me to the Missouri, and he again refused to do so. I 
started thither with my own armj- and reached the Osage just as the time of service 
of three-fourths of my own men was expiring. Nearly every one of them had left 
his home months before without an hour's notice, leaving their families unprotected 
and unprovided for. A severe winter was at hand ; the men were themselves badly 
clad, and not one of them had ever received a dime in payment of his services. Many 
of them insisted upon going home for a few weeks to procure clothing for themselves 
and make some provision for the comfort of their families, who were exposed, not 
only to the severities of a Missouri winter, but to the fury of an enemy whose bar- 
barity can not be described. 

I could not refuse their reasonable request, and my army became so small that it 
would have been highly perilous for me to have crossed the Osage, threatened as I 
was from Kansas, from Sedalia, and from Rolla. Knowing, however, that thousands 
of the people on the north side of the Missouri would come to me, even at this sea- 
son, if I could but open the way for them, I sent a detachment of 1,100 men to Lex- 
ington, which, after remaining only a part of one day, gathered together about 2,500 
recruits and escorted them in safety to me at Osceola. Could the detachment have 
remained on the river only a few days longer the numlier of recruits would have 
been indefinitely increased; but the enemy, having gotten insight into the move- 
ment, concentrated their forces against it and compelled it to return. There are 
many counties north of the river in which organized companies of from 500 to 1,500 
are now ready to join and are only waiting an opportunity to do so. 

* * * * * * * 

We may yet make this winter campaign result in the deliverance of Missouri, or 
at least in great good to our cause. I will have at least 20,000 men under my com- 
mand in a very short time, and will gladly unite with you in a movement on St. 
Louis, as suggested by you. If you will mature your plans and communicate them 
to me you will be seconded in the execution of them, not only by myself, but by 
every man in my army, and whether we succeed in the main object or not, we will 
accomplish a great deal. Our people will see that the Government really desires to 
assist them. Their way to the army will at the same time be opened to them by the 
withdrawal of the enemy's forces from the rest of the State for the protection of St. 
Louis, and they will come to us from every quarter by hundreds and by thousands. 
I am informed, too, that there are over 6,000 men in St. Louis ready to spring to 
arms at the first gleam of hope. I do, therefore, hope you will find k expedient to 
undertake the execution of your bold and well-conceived plan. You will have my 
hearty cooperation. The bearer, Mr. Burton, will inform you more particularly of 
the strength of my army. 

I have the honor to be, general, with the greatest respect, your obedient servant, 

Sterling Price, 
Major- General, Missouri State (riiards. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 729.] 

But the difficulties experienced in recruiting the army were not the 
only ones to be met and overcome. Notwithstanding the provisions 
made in the State laws, quoted in this chapter, for the support of the 
militia, the authorities were greatly embarrassed by the lack of funds 



280 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

for the equipment and .subsistence of the troops and other necessary 
expenses of conducting- niilitar}- operations. On this subject Gen. 
Gideon J. Pillow, the Confederate commander of the "Army of Lib- 
eration," said in a letter to General Polk, August 8, 1861: 

Headquarters Army of Liberation, 

New Madrid, August 9, 1861. 
[General Polk.] 

Generai,: * * * The Missouri forces are in the most inefficient possible con- 
dition. The authorities of the State have no funds, no means of subsisting the forces 
of the State; they have no regular oi'ganization of staff officers; they have no means 
of subsistence except such as is taken by them from the inhabitants of the country. 
There is no one authorized to give certificates for these seizures, and if this system 
of illegal seizures should be kept up, it will turn the feelings of the best friends of 
the South in the country against our i-ause. But, independent of this, it will be 
impossible to keep the Missouri forces in the field; they will disband, and in their 
present condition I would not blame them for doing so. 

To obviate this difficulty I have determined to accept any of these troops who 
will accept service in the Confederate Army for and during the war. 

******* 

GiD. J. Pillow, General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 639.] 

Other testimony to the same efl'ect is not lacking. Some relief was, 
however, provided by the Confederate Congress, which, on August 6, 
1861, appropriated ffil, 000.000 for the purchase of clothing, subsistence, 
and ammunition for the Missouri troops serving in cooperation with 
those of the Confederate States. The act by which the appropriation 
was made is as follows: 

AN ACT to give aid to the people and State of Missouri. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That to aid the people of 
the State of Missouri in the effort to maintain, within their own limits, the constitu- 
tional liberty which it is the purpose of the Confederate States in the existing war 
to vindicate, there shall be, and is hereby, appropriated, out of any moneys in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $1,000,000 to supply clothing, subsistence, 
arms, and ammunition to the troops of Missouri who may cooperate with those of 
the Confederate States during the progress .of the existing war; said sum to be 
expended under the discretion of the President of the Confederate States for the 
purposes aforesaid. 

Approved, August 6, 1861. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 721.] 

And in the convention entered into between the Confederate States 
and the State of Missouri, October 31, 1861, quoted in the preceding 
chapter, it was provided: 

Art. IV. All expenditures for the prosecution of the existing war incurred by the 
State of Missouri from and after the date of the signing of this convention shall be 
met and provided for by the Confederate States. 

[Ibid,, p. 754,] 

In an act of the Confederate Congress approved Januar}' 27. 1862, 
the secretaiy of the Confederate treasury was directed to advance to 
the State of Missouri $1,000,000. to be applied to the payment of the 
troops in the service of the State prior to their muster into the Con- 
federate service, and in an act approved Fe1)ruarv 15. 1862. an addi- 
tional advance of $1,000,000 was authorized foi- "military purposes" 
not specified. Following are copies of the enactments referred to: 

AN ACT £or the relief of the State of Missouri. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact. That the Secretary of the 
Treasury is hereby directed to issue to the State of Missouri, upon the api^lication of 



STATE GUARD. 281 

the fund commissioners for said State, $1,000,000 in treasury notes, upon the condi- 
tion that the said State of Missouri deposit with the Secretary of the Treasury of the 
Confederate States an equal sum in the bonds of the State of Missouri, authorized to 
be issued under an act of the legislature of said State, entitled "An act to provide 
for the defense of said State, and for other purposes," which bonds shall be held by 
the Secretary of the Treasury until the accounts of the State of Missouri for advances 
made for military purposes are adjusted as Congress may direct. 

Sec. 2. That upon the final adjustment of the accounts of the State of Missouri 
against the Confederate States, the sum hereby advanced shall be deducted from the 
amount found due to said State. 

Sec. 3. The sum hereby appropriated shall be applied by the State of Missouri to 
the payment of troops in the service of the said State i^rior to their muster into the 
Confederate service. 

Approved, January 27, 1862. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 882.] 



AN ACT for the relief of the State of Missouri. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the Secretary of the 
Treasury is hereby directed to issue to the State of Missouri, upon the application of 
the fund commissioners for said State, ?1, 000,000 in treasury notes, upon the condi- 
tion that the said State of Missouri deposit with the Secretary of the Treasury of the 
Confederate States an equal sum in the bonds of the State of Missouri, authorized to 
be issued under an act of the legislature of said State, entitled "An act to provide for 
the defense of the State of Missouri, and for other purposes," which bonds shall be 
held by the Secretary of the Treasury until the accounts of the State of Missouri for 
advances made for military purposes are adjusted as Congress may direct. 

Sec. 2. That upon the final adjustment of the accounts of the State of Missouri 
against the Confederate States the sum hereby advanced shall be deducted from the 
amount found due to said State. 

Approved, February 15, 1865. 

[Ibid., p. 939.] 

In a later act, approved September 23, 1862, heretofore referred to 
in this paper, provision was made for the payment of officers and 
enlisted men of the Missouri State Guard who had been called into the 
service of the Confederate States bv military commanders, or by agree- 
ment between the authorities of the State and the Confederate States, 
their pay to be the same that they would have been entitled to receive 
"if belono-ing- to the Confederate Army." That portion of the act 
containing- this provision is here qttoted: 

AN ACT to provide for the payment of certain claims against the Confederate States in the State of 

Missouri. 

******* 
Sec 2. All officers and soldiers of the Missouri State Guard, called into the service 
of the Confederate States by tlie order of any commanding officer of the Confederate 
Army, and rendering service to the Confe<lerate States under any agreement made 
between the authorities of the State of ^Missouri and those of the Confederate States, 
shall receive the same pay for the time during which such officers and soldiers may 
have been in such service as they would have been entitled to receive if belonging to 
the Confederate Army: Provided, however. That all staff officers belonging to said 
Missouri State Guard shall only receive for their services the same compensation with 
staff officers discharging like duties in the Confederate Army. 

******* 

Approved, September 23, 1862. 
[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. II, p. 91.] 

Finally, by an act approved April 16, 1863, provision was made for 
the payment of members of the Missouri State Guard "after their 



282 MISSOUEI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

transfer to the Confederate States," who, for certain reasons, had not 
received their pay. This act reads as follows: 

AN ACT for the relief of certain officers and soldiers from the State of Missouri. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the sum of $75,000 
be, and is hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, to pay the officers and men of the Missouri State Guard (after their 
transfer to the Confederate States) who, from imprisonment, absence, and other 
accidental causes, have not received their pay, under such rules and regulations as 
the Secretary of War may prescribe. 

Approved, April 16, 1863. 

[Ibid., p. 496.] 

The military force known as the Missouri State Guard was peculiar, 
if not unparalleled in the history of the civil war, in that it formed 
the army of a State which was declared by its chief magistrflte to be a 
"sovereign, free, and independent republic,'" having "full power to 
levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and 
do all other things which independent States may of right do/' and as 
such independent republic formed an alliance, offensive and defensive, 
with the Confederate States. 

That these troops rendered gallant service is abundantly shown by 
the official reports, and to the testimony already recorded in these 
pages may be added that- of the Confederate Congress in a resolution, 
approv^ed December .3, 1861, of which the following is a cop}' : 

A KESOLUTIOX of thanks to Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and the officers and soldiers under his com- 
mand for gallant and meritorious conduct in the present war. 

Be it resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of 
the people of the Confederate States are eminently due, and are hereby tendered, to 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and the Missouri army under his command for the gallant 
conduct they have displayed throughout their service in the present war, and espe- 
cially for the skill, fortitude, and courage by which they gained the brilliant achieve- 
ment at Lexington, ]Mo., resulting, on the 20th day of September last, in the reduc- 
tion of that town and the surrender of the entire Federal army there employed. 

Be it further resolved, That a copy of this resolution be commuciated by the Presi- 
dent to General Price, and through him to the army then under his command. 

Approved, December 3, 1861. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LlII, p. 758.] 

In the absence of the official returns, the number of men who served 
in the Missouri State Guard during the period of its service can not be 
correctly stated, and there are no records on tile in the War Department 
from which the number can be approximated with any degree of accu- 
racy..-^ That the number was large is evident from the documents quoted 
in this paper and from the number of organizations mentioned in the 
accompanying schedule, which, in the absence of the muster rolls, has 
been prepared from such official mention and other data as have been 
found of record. These schedules show a total of 27 regiments and 3 
battalions of cavahy , 10 companies of artillerj^ and 27n-egiments and 11 
battalions of infantry .",'^At the minimum strength of company organi-. 
zations and the minimum nuniber of companies to a regiment, as fixed 
by the State law, these would represent a total of about 17,500 men. 
But it is reasonable to suppose that some of the companies and regi- 
ments were of the maximum strength, and that large numbers of 
recruits were received to supply losses from the casualties of the serv- 
ice. Considering this in connection with the fact that the schedule 
probabl}^ does not include all of the organizations actualh' in existence, 
it is evident that the numbers of the Missouri State Guard were very 
much in excess of the possible minimum above given. 



MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS, CONFEDERATE SERVICE. 



Although the early efforts of the authorities of the State of Missouri 
were directed mainly toward the organization of the Missouri State 
Guard, a military force formed for the service and in defense of the 
State of Missouri, measures were simultaneously taken having for 
their object the enlistment of Missouri volunteers for the Confed- 
erate service. As early tis x4pril 15, 1861, Col. M. Jeff". Thompson of 
the Missouri militia, subsequently a brigadier-general of the Missouri 
State Guard, offered to the President of the Confederate States the 
services of several companies of Missouri volunteers. His offer was 
made in the following terms: 

St. Joseph, Mo., April 16, 1S61. 
His Excellency Jefferson Davis, 

President of the Confederate States, Montgo)nerii, Ala. 

Sir: Not knowing the name of your adjutant-general or any other proper person 
to make the inquiries of which I desire, I have taken the liberty of addressing you 
direct. 

I am anxious to know whether the Confederate States desire volunteers from the 
border States, and if there is any regular arrangement for their reception, or whether 
it is necessary to have any authority from your government before volunteers should 
be raised. 

My object in asking is that, should Missouri refuse to join her Southern sisters, I 
desire and intend to move South, and I can, if acceptable, bring one, two, or three 
companies of as good and true men as the Southern sun ever shone on, if I can 
assure them that their officers will be confirmed and commissioned by your 
government. 

******* 

Yours, respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
Colonel, Inspector Fourth Military District, ilissouri Militia. 
[Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. I, p. 684.] 

To this letter the Confederate War Department replied, April 29, 
1861, advising Colonel Thompson that in the opinion of the depart- 
ment the time was rapidly approaching when, with the concurrence 
of the governor of Missouri, military assistance might be accepted 
from that State by the Confederate authorities. It was therefore 
advised that companies, battalions, and regiments be organized and 
held in readiness for future service. Following is a copy of the War 
Department letter: 

War Department, Confederate States of America, 

Montgomery, April 29, 1861. 
Col. M. J. Thompson, St. Joseph, Mo. 

Sir: Your letter of the 15th of April, addressed to the President, has been referred 
to this Department, and I am instructed by the Secretary of War to say, in answer to 

283 



284 MISSOUKI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

your proposition, that the time is rapidly approaching, in his opinion, when, with 
the concurrence of the governor of Missouri, military assistance may be accepted 
from that State by the Confederate States. In view of this gratifying fact, those 
among you sympathizing with our cause would do well to organize military compa- 
nies, battalions, and regiments and hold them in readiness for action against our 
incendiary foe, equally hostile to the entire South. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

John Tyler, Jr. 
[Ibid., p. 689.] 

Three da3^s before this response to Colonel Thompson's offer the 
Confederate Secretary of War had called upon Governor Jackson for a 
regmient of infantry for service in Virg-inia. His letter is as follows: 

Montgomery, April 26, 1861. 
Governor C. F. Jackson, Jefferson City, Mo.: 

Can you arm and equip one regiment of infantry for service in Virginia, to rendez- 
vous at Richmond? Transportation will be provided by this government. The 
regiment to elect its own otRcers, and nmst enlist for not less tlian twelve months, 
unless sooner discharged. 

L. P. Walker. 
[Ibid.] 

Governor Jackson replied, in effect, that the State of Missouri was 
yet in union with the Government of the United States; that he had 
therefore no legal authority to furnish the men desired, and that the 
State was deticient in arms, but that there were plenty of men ready 
and willing- to march to the defense of the South, and Missouri would 
put 100,000 men in the field, if required. Following is a copy of his 
letter: 

Executive Department, 

Jefferson City, Mo., May 5, 1861. 
Hon. L. P. Walker, 

Secretary of War, Montgomery. 

Sir: Yours of the 26th ultimo, via Louisville, is received. I have no legal author- 
ity to furnish the men you desire. Missouri, you know, is yet under the tyranny of 
Lincoln's Government, so far, at least, as forms go. We are woefully deficient here 
in arms, and can not furnish them at present; but so far as men are concerned we 
have plenty of them, ready, willing, and anxious to march at any moment to the 
defense of the South. Our legislature has just met, and I doubt not will give me all 
necessary authority over the matter. If you can arm the men they will go when- 
ever wanted, and to any point where they may be most needed. I send this to 
Memphis oy piivate hand, being afraid to trust our mails or telegraphs. Let me 
hear from you by the same means. Missouri can and will put 100,000 men in the 
field if required. We are using every means to arm our people, and until we are 
better prepared must move cautiously. I write this in confidence. 

With my prayers for your success, I remain, very respectfully, your obedient 
servant, 

C. F. Jackson, Governor of Missouri. 

[Ibid., p. 690.] 

On the 6th of May Colonel Thompson, of the Missouri militia, again 
addressed the President, advising him that he was then of the opinion 
that he and his men would be needed at home. He said: 

Headquarters Fourth Military District, 
Missouri Volunteer Militia, Camp C. F. Jackson, 

Near St. Joseph, Mo., Monday, May 6, 1861. 
His Excellency Jefferson Davis, 

President of the Confederate States, Montgomery, Ala. 

Sir: Your favor of the 25th ultimo has been received, and I am thankful for your 

courtesy. I hope, and have reasonable expectations now, that Missouri will soon 

wheel into line with her Southern sisters, in which case I and my men will be 

needed here at home. I believe that this portion of Missouri (north of the Missouri 



VOLUNTEERS. 285 

River) will be the principal battle ground between the North and the South, as St. 
Joseph, with its railroad connections, is the key to Kansas, New ^Mexico, Jeffer- 
son [?], and Utah, and we have already been notified that the North has determined 
to hold this portion of the State, even though they lose all the rest of the slavehold- 
ing States, and they will either cover it over with dollars or blood, and the choice is 
for us to make. I have eight companies here in a camp of instruction by order of our 
governor, and can assure you that they are all Blue Cockade boys, and if our leaders 
are disposed to sell this territory for money our blood will remain at your service. 
Yours, most respectfully, 

M. Jeff. Thompson, 
('ohnel, Im^pector of Fourth Military District. 
[Ibi.l.] 

Under date of July 6, 1861, Hon. E. C. Cabell strong-ly urged upon 
the Confederate Government the invasion of Missouri by the Confed- 
erate forces and the organization of Missouri troops for the Confederate 
service. His letter to the President on this subject is as follows: 

Richmond, Va., July 6, 1861. 
His Excellency Jefferson Davis, 

President of Confederate States of America. 

Sir: If not inconsistent with your views of constitutional powers, and if you have 
the troops at your command, I respectfully recommend that at least 10,000 well- 
appointed troops be concentrated on the northern border of Arkansas at the earliest 
practicable moment, within the military district of Brigadier-General Hardee, and a 
like number, if possible, within the department of Major-General Polk, and that both 
of these officers be distinctly authorized to enter the State of Missouri, to drive back 
and to pursue the enemy now threatening the invasion of Arkansas and a descent on 
Tennessee, as far into Missouri as they deem prudent and advisable. I would also 
respectfully ask that more specific instructions be given to General McCulloch, author- 
izing him to enter the State of Missouri with the same object and for the same pur- 
pose. None but the enemies of the Confederate States and of Missouri will protest 
against this — none others will object; but all whose wishes you would respect invite 
'End will cordially welcome your troops in the State. I make this request because 
I have reason to know that the instructions to these officers are of so guarded a 
character as to produce doubt as to their authority and embarrassment as to their 
movements. 

I also respectfully recommend that, if practicable, the troops destined to operate 
in north Arkansas and ^Missouri be armed with muskets with bayonets and that an 
extra amount of field artillery be sent with them. Any army you may send will be 
immediately reenforced to any extent you may desire by Missourians, armed with the 
ordinary guns and rifles of the country, and volunteers from that State will be on the 
spot to serve all the field pieces your army may have. There will also be at hand as 
many cavalry as you may want, but not regularly equipped. The Missourians v\ ill 
furnish promptly men and horses enough to drive every man of the enemy's forces 
far from Arkansas and back into Illinois. They want arms and organization, espe- 
cially muskets with bayonets and field artillery. Under command of the accom- 
plished generals you have sent to Arkansas organization will soon be effected, and 
the deficiency of small arms, wdiich you can not furnish, will be partially, and per- 
haps effectively, supplied by the private arms of the Missouri volunteers. In this 
way, I confidently believe, the enemy may be driven out of jMissouri, and thus the 
safety of Arkansas and Tennessee and of the whole valley of the Mississippi be effectu- 
ally secured; for the troops of Mr. Lincoln will never venture to descend the river 
with an enemy in their rear so powerful as the State of Missouri in arms against them 
and threatening Illinois and Iowa. Thus may. the military operations be transferred 
from Arkansas and Tennessee to Missouri, and the battles of those States be fought on 
Missouri soil, to which the people of Missouri cordially invite you. 

The danger of the invasion of Arkansas and the difficulty of driving back the 
enemy's forces threatening that State have been greatly increased by the delay, for 
the most part unavoidable, in sending troops to north Arkansas. Three weeks ago 
half the number would have accomplished the object, and every day's delay adds to 
the difficulties to be overcome. In view of the importance of prompt action and of 
the magnitude of the object to be effected, I trust you will pardon me for suggesting 
that a portion of the troops now organized and ready for the field in North Carolina, 
or some other of the Confederate States, be dispatched to General Hardee's com- 
mand, and that General Polk be instructed to inquire if a portion of his command 



286 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

now in Tennessee could not with advantage to the service be ordered to northeast 
Arkansas. 

On the approach of any force you may order to the Missouri frontier the citizens 
of Missouri will, as I have intimated, tiock to your standard. They, as well as the 
executive of the State, desire that the chief military operations in the State shall be 
under the direction of your commanding officers when they enter Missouri. I would 
therefore suggest that provision l^e made for a much larger force than you may send 
to Arkansas. There are thousands of Missourians willing and anxious to volunteer 
in the service of the Confederate States, with the expectation of being employed in 
repelling the threatened invasion of Arkansas, which they know can best, and indeed 
alone, be effected by driving back the enemy's forces now in Missouri and approach- 
ing the borders of Arkansas. Please inform me if you will receive volunteers from 
Missouri in companies or regiments, and how many and on what conditions. Their 
organization may be effected in Missouri, but if that is deemed unadvisable they 
may organize in Arkansas. More troops will certainly be wanted in that quarter, 
and I suggest that Missouri volunteers be organized and received, whether they can 
be armed at present or not. We hope that arms may be had soon, and when they 
come these troops will he on the spot, ready for action. Missoui'i can supply brave 
and loyal men, if organized and armed, not only to drive out the invaders of her 
soil, but enough to furnish 30,000 good soldiers to fight tlie liattles of the Confederate 
States elsewhere. Colonel Bowen's regiment at Memphis is by this time full and 
with but few arms. It seems to me that there can be no more urgent demand for 
arms than to comjjlete the arming of this regiment, which I recommend to be sent to 
General Hardee. 

I have felt authorized to make these suggestions and recommendations in conse- 
quence of your invitation to do so at our last personal interview. Your consideration 
of them, and as early a reply as convenient, will greatly oblige me. I hoped before 
this to have received an answer to my communication of Ihe 22d of June. 
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

E. C. Cabell. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 603.] 

To this letter the President replied: 

Richmond, Va., July 8, 1861. 
Hon. E. C. Cabell. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge your several letters of June — , 1861, of July 
6, 1861, and another of same date, marked private; also a printed copy of the proc- 
lamation of the governor of Missouri, bearing date June 12, 1861, which was inclosed 
in the first-named communication. The last paragraph of the proclamation does not 
quite accord with the general proposition submitted by you. Accept my thanks for 
the information furnished by you. Your recommendations, requests, and sugges- 
tions have been noted, and your letters referred to the Secretary of War for file and 
future reference. You have been heretofore advised of the sympathy I feel for the 
cause of Missouri, so graphically and feelingly described. Constant occupation leaves 
me little time for correspondence; but, were it otherwise, you surely would not 
expect me to reply to your requisitions by stating the force and stores of the Confed- 
erate States to show that your large wants could not now be supplied, or by discuss- 
ing with you questions of the constitutional power of the Executive. 
Very respectfully, yours, 

Jefferson D.wis. 
[Ibid., p. 605.] 

Prior to this correspondence, however, one regiment of Missouri 
volunteers had been accepted into the Confederate service. This reg- 
iment. Col. John S. Bowen's First Missouri Infantr}^ was organized 
June 22, 1861, at Memphis, Tenn., and was mustered into the service 
of the Con federate States for the period of twelve months. The specific 
authorit}^ for its organization has not been found of record, but it was 
probably organized and accepted under an act of the Confederate Con- 
gress, approved May 11, 1861, which provided, among other things, 



VOLUNTEERS. 287 

that battalions and regiments might be enlisted from States not in 
union with the Confederacy. The text of this enactment is as follows: 

AN ACT to make further provisions for the public defense. 

Whereas, war exists between the United States and the Confederate States; and 

Whereas, the pubHc weh'are may require the reception of volunteer forces into the 
service of the Confederate States without the formality and delay of a call upon the 
resj^ective states: [Therefore,] 

The Congresft of the Cuvfedorife States of America do enact, That the President be 
authorized to receive into service such companies, battalions, or regiments, either 
mounted or on foot, as may tender themselves, and he may require, without the delay 
of a formal call upon the respective States, to serve for such time as he may prescribe. 

Sec. 2. Such volunteer forces who may be accepted under this act, except as herein 
differently provided, shall be organized in accordance with and subject to all the 
provisions of the act entitled "An act to provide for the public defense," and be 
entitled to all the allowances provided therein; and when mustered into service may 
be attached to such divisions, brigades, or regiments as the President may direct, or 
ordered upon such independent or detached service as the President may deem 
expedient: I'ronded, hoirerer, That battalions and regiments may be enlisted from 
States not of this Confederacy, and the President may a^jpoint all or any of the field 
officers thereof. 

Sec. 3. The President shall be authorized to commission all officers entitled to 
commissions of such volunteer forces as may be received under the provisions of this 
act. And upon the request of the officer commanding such volunteer regiment, bat- 
talion, or company the President may attach a supernumerary officer to each com- 
pany, detailed from the Regular Army for that purpose, and for such time as the 
President may direct. 

Approved, May 11, 1S61. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 310.] 

Further legislation followed, authorizing- the organization for the 
Confederate service of troops from States not of the Confederacy. 
By an act of the Confederate Congress approved August 8. 1861, the 
President was authorized to grant commissions for the purpose of 
raising regiments and battalions to be composed of residents of certain 
border States, including the State of Missouri. Following is a copy 
of the act: 

AN ACT to authorize the President of the Confederate States to grant commissions to raise volunteer 
regiments and battalions composed of persons who are or have been residents of the States of Ken- 
tucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the President of the 
Confederate States be, and he is hereby, authorized to grant commissions to officers 
above the grade of captain to such persons as he may think fit, to raise and command 
volunteer regiments and battalions for the service of the Confederate States, said 
regiments and battalions to be composed of persons who are or have been residents 
of the States of Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, or Delaware, and who have enlisted 
or may enlist under said officers, upon the condition, however, that such officers 
shall not hold rank or receive pay until such regiments or battalions have been raised 
and are mustered into service. 

Approved, August 8, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 536.] 

The first legislative authority for the organization within the State 
of Missouri of volunteers for the Confederate service is, however, 
foiuid in an act of the Confederate Congress, approved August 20, 
1861, entitled '"An act to aid the State of Missouri in repelling inva- 
sion by the United States, and to authorize the admission of said State 
as a member of the Confederate States of America, and for other pur- 
poses." This act, in so far as it relates to the admission of the State 
of Missouri to the Confederate States and the formation of a prelimi- 



288 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

nary alliance between the Confederacy and the State of Missouri, has 
heretofore been quoted in this paper. That portion of the act relating- 
to the admission of Missouri troops to the Confederate service is as 
follows: 

Whereas, the people of the State of Missouri have been prevented by the unconsti- 
tutional interference of the Government of the United States from expressing their 
will through their legally constituted authorities in regard to a union with the Con- 
federate States of America, and are now engaged in repelling a lawless invasion of 
their territory by armed forces; and 

Whereas, it is the right and <luty of the Confederate States to aid the people and 
government of the said State in resisting such invasion, and in securing the means 
and the opportunity of expressing their will upon all questions affecting their rights 
and liberties: Now, therefore. 

The Congri'iis of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the President of the 
Confederate States of America be, and he is hereby, authorized to cooperate through 
the military power of this Government with the authorities and the people of the 
State of Missouri in defending that State against a lawless invasion by the United 
States, and in maintaining the liberty and indei)endence of her people, and that he 
be authorized and empowered, at his discretion, to receive and muster into the service 
of the Confederate States, in the State of Missouri, such troops of that State as may 
volunteer to serve in the Army of the Confederate States, subject to the rules and 
regulations uf said Army, and in accordance with the laws of Congress; and said 
troops may be received into service by companies, battalions, or regiments, with their 
officers elected by the troops, and the officers so elected shall be conunissioned by 
the President; and when mustered into service said companies, battalions, or regi- 
ments may be attached to such brigades or divisions as the President may determine; 
and the President shall have power to appoint field officers for all battalions and 
regiments organized out of sepai-ate companies mustered into service, and to add to 
battalions a sufficient number of separate comi)anies to complete their organization 
into regiments, and to appoint the additional field officers necessary for the complete 
organization of the regiments so formed; and all vacancies that may occur amongst 
the commissioned officers of troops mustered into service under this act shall be filled 
in the manner provided in the act entitled "An act for the establishment and organi- 
zation of the Arniv of the Confederate States of America," approved March 6, 1861. 

Approved, August 20, 1861. 
[Ibid., p. 576.] 

A few days later, by an act approved August 30, 1861, the President 
was authorized to establish recruiting stations within the Confederate 
States for volunteers from Missouri and other border States. Follow- 
ing is a copy of the act: 

AN ACT to authorize the establishment of recruiting stations for voUmteers from the States of Ken- 
tucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the President be, and 
he is hereby, authorized to establish recruiting stations within the Confederate 
States for the reception of volunteers into the military service of the Confederate 
States from among persons who are, or have been, residents of the States of Ken- 
tucky, Missouri, Marylaml, and Delaware. 

Sec. 2. That the President be authorized to grant commissions as captains to such 
persons as he may think fit to raise and command companies to be composed of such 
volunteers; upon the condition, however, that such officers shall not hold rank or 
receive pay until such companies have been raised and are mustered into service. 

Sec. 3. Whenever such recruits shall amount to a sufficient number to be formed 
into companies, the President may direct the same to be so organized, appointing all 
commissioned officers of the several companies in addition to the captains provided 
for in the preceding section. And such companies may be organized into regiments 
in like manner under the direction of the President. 

Sec 4. Until such recruits shall amount to a sufficient number to be organized 
into companies, they shall receive no compensation except their clothing and rations. 

Approved, August 30, 1861. 

[Ibid., p. 585.] 

On October 14, 1861. Brig. Gen. Ben. McCulloch, commanding the 
Confederate forces in Arkansas, urged the reorganization of the Mis- 



VOLUNTEERS. 289 

souri forces (the Missouri State Guard) and their muster into the Con- 
federate service. Writing- to the Secretary of War he said: 

TT ui o ,,r Camp J. WKsos, Ark., October U,1S61. 

Honorable Secretary of War. ^^ ^■ 

,, ^!«- . I i^'" J"*^t in i-f ceipt of a letter from Governor Jackson in which he informs me 
that his torce has tallen back trom Lexington to the Osage River, and that thev are 
in great want of nuisket caps. o , .» ^ 

* * * * * * . ^ 
The sooner the Missouri forces are reorganized and mustered into the Confederate 

service the better, as they are at present not bound l>v anv tie, and will remain in the 
held no longer than they think tit, no matter what mav result from their withdrawal 

* * * * * * * ■ 

rru-i o • T TT , XTT ^^^- "^^(^Cvi-Locu, Bri(jadirr-Gmer(d, Comnmndinq. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. Ill, p. 718.] ^ 

The convention between the Confederate States and the State of 
Missouri, entered into October 31, 1861, has been quoted in full in a 
preceding- chapter. For the sake of convenience of reference, articles 
11 and III of this agreement are here repeated: 

^u^^^l ¥' ^^?l^^' ^^^'^ ^^^^^ ^^ Missouri shall become a member of said Confederacy 
the whole military force, material of war, and militarv operations, offensive and 
deteiisive, of said State shall be under the chief control and direction of the President 
ot the Confederate States, upon the same basis, principles, and footing as if said State 
were now and during the interval a member of said Confederacy, the said force 
together with that of the Confederate States, to be emploved for their common defense' 

Art 111. The State of Missouri will, whenever she becomes a member of said 
Confederacy, turn over to said Confederate States all the public property, naval stores 
and munitions of war of which she may then be in possession acquired from the United 
States (excepting the public lands) on the same terms and in the same manner as the 
other States of said Confederacy have done in like cases. 

[Ibid., Series I, Yol. LIII, p. 754.] 

On November 25, 1861, Maj. Gen. Sterling- Price, commanding the 
Missouri State Guard, issued from his headquarters a circular in which 
he announced that the Confederate Government proposed, in accord- 
ance with the terms of the convention or treaty referred to, to receive 
into its service as many troops from the State of Missouri as might 
volunteer to serve for the period of twelve months. This circular, 
which eml)odies at great length the details of organization, and is pub- 
lished only in part in the Official Kecords of the Union and Confederate 
Armies (Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 693), is here quoted in full: 

Headquarters Missouri State C4uard, November 25, 1861 
Circular.] • ' 

First. The Confederate Government proposes, in accordance with the terms of the 
treaty recently made between this State and that Government, to receive into its 
service as many troops from Missouri as mav volunteer to serve for twelve months 

Second. The troops thus volunteering will' be enlisted as State troops, and remain 
under the immediate command of Major-General Price. 

Third. They will be organized in conformity to the laws of Congress and the reo-u- 
lations for the Confederate Army, as follows: 

Organization of companies. 
Of infantry — 

Each company will consist of — Pay per month. 
One captain |j3q 



One first lieutenant. 
Two second lieutenants , 
One first sergeant 



90 
80 
20 



Four sergeants j'j- 

Four corporals !.!!!!!!!!! 13 

Two musicians V.W.V...'.'. 12 

Sixty-four privates (at least) -.'-!"!.".*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.' 11 

S. Doc. 412 19 



290 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Of cavalr}' — Pay per mnnth. 

One captain 1140 

One first lieutenant 90 

Two second lieutenants 80 

One first sergeant 20 

Four sergeants 17 

Four corporals 13 

Two musicians 13 

One blacksmith 13 

One farrier 13 

Sixty privates (at least) 12 

Of artillery — 

One cajitain ■. 140 

Two first lieutenants 100 

One second lieutenant 90 

One first sergeant 20 

Four sei'geants 17 

Four corporals 13 

Two musicians 13 

Two artificers 17 

Seventy privates (at least ) 12 

Organization of regiments. 

Of infantry — 

One colonel $195 

One lieutenant-colonel 170 

One major 150 

One adjutant (lieutenant of the line) $10 extra. 

One assistant quartermaster ( captain) 140 

One assistant commissary (captain ) 140 

One surgeon 162 

One assistant surgeon 110 

One sergeant-major 21 

One quartermaster-sergeant 21 

Of cavalrv — 

One colonel 210 

One lieutenant-colonel 185 

One major 162 

One adjutant $10 additional. 

One assistant quartermaster ( captain ) 1 40 

One assistant conunissary ( captain ) 1 40 

One surgeon 162 

One assistant surgeon 110 

One sergeant-major 21 

One quartermaster-sergeant 21 

Fourth. Election and appointmnd of officers. — Company officers: Each company 
elects its captain and lieutenants. The captain of each company selects the ser- 
geants, corporals, musicians, and artificers from his company, and they receive their 
warrants from the colonel upon his approval of the appointments. 

Regimental officers: The commissioned officers of each regiment elect the colonel, 
lieutenant-colonel, and niajor. 

The colonel appoints the adjutant from the lieutenants of the regiment, and the 
sergeant-major and quartermaster-sergeant from the enlisted men. 

The President will, upon the colonel's recommendation, appoint, whenever their 
services are required, an assistant quartermaster and assistant commissary, a surgeon 
and assistant surgeon, for each regiment. 

Fifth. Whenever a sufficient numl)er of troops shall have been thus enlisted, 
organized, armed, and equipped, the muster rolls will be sent to the Secretary of War, 
and the troops will thereby be transferred to the Confederate Army. The President 
will immediately commission tlie officers and provide for and pay the troops; The 
President will at the same time organize the troops thus transferred into brigades 
and divisions, over which he will api^oint brigadier-generals and a major-general 
from Missouri. 

Sixth. The term of service will begin from the day of the organization of the 
company and will end twelve months after that date. 



VOLUNTEERS. '291 

Seventh. The officers will be coininissionefi in the Confederate Army, and their 
commissions will be dated upon the day of their transfer to that service. 

Eighth. PcDi, etc.: Until the troops shall have been transferred to the Confederate 
States they will be paid by the State, the Confederate States guaranteeing, however, 
that they will be paid. As soon as the transfer shall have been made they will be 
paid and supplied by the Confederate States. The troops in the Confederate service 
are paid at the end of every .second month. 

The delivery of the muster rolls by the State to the Secretary of War completes 
the transfer. 

The State will pay a bounty of $39 to every noncommissioned officer and private 
who will reenlist in this service. 

Ninth. Each enlisted man will receive one ration a day and an allowance of |25 
•everv six months for clothing. 

Each man will be allowed ten cents a mile for his traveling expenses from the place 
of his enrollment to the rendezvous, and also from the place of his discharge to the 
place where he was enrolled. 

Tenth. The cavalry must furnish their own horses and keep them serviceable or 
they will be compelled to serve on foot. The noncommissioned officers and pri- 
vates will, however, be allowed forty cents a day for the use of their horses, to be 
computed from the day of their enrollment to. the day of their discharge, and also 
for every tvventv miles of travel between the place of their discharge to the place of 
their enrollment. Horses are to be valued when brought into the service, and if 
killed in action will be paid for at such valuation. They will not be paid for in any 
other event. 

Eleventh. All arms will be paid for at a fair valuation, but will not be taken from 
the owner so long as he remains in the service. The commander of the company 
will, however, be responsible for their safe keeping. 

Twelfth. The Confederate States government will not accept any cavalry for twelve 
months unless already fully armed and equipped, and as the State can not arm and 
•equip more than one reginient, only one will he enlisted. 

Thirteenth. The artillery will be'organized as light batteries and not as regiments. 

Fourteenth. The Confederate States Government will accept and fully arm and 
equip as many troops as may volunteer for the war, either as cavalry, artillery, or 
infantry. 

By order of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: 

Henry Little, 
Colonel and Assistant Adjutant- General, Missouri State Guard. 

On the day following the publication of this circular. General Price 
issued a proclamation, quoted in the last preceding chapter, calling- 
for 50,000 men, but it is probable that the object of that call was to 
secure men for the Missouri State Guard. 

On the 9th of December, 1861, Col. Henry Little was assigned by 
General Price to the command of the new volunteer corps. He was 
directed to select a suitable encampment and proceed with the work of 
organization. Following is a copy of General Price's order: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 119. i Camp on Sac River, December 9, 1861. 

I. In accordance with General Orders, No. 109, Col. Henry Little, Missouri State 
Guard and Confederate States Army, i^ hereby assigned to the command of the new 
volunteer corps. Colonel Little will select a "suitable encampment and proceed to 
organize the volunteers as prescribed in said order. All companies, squads, and indi- 
viduals will report to him without delay. To all squads who have entered this vol- 
unteer corps the commander of the division to which they belonged will cause to be 
delivered a pro rata proportion of the camp and garrison equipage and transporta- 
tion. A whole company will bring with them the camp and garrison equipage which 
they now have in possession. All such articles will be receipted for by the quarter- 
master of the volunteer corps. This will also apply to arms, equipments, and 
ammunition, which will be receipted for by the ordnance officer of the volunteer 
corps. 

II. Capt. Wright C. Schaumburg is appointed adjutant and quartermaster and 

commissary of the corps. 

*"^** * * * * 

By order of Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

H. Little, Adjutant- General. 

[Ibid. p. 759.] 



292 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

No official copy of General Orders, No. 109, mentioned in the order 
just quoted, has been found, but it is published in full by R. S. Bevier 
in his History of the First and Second Missouri Confederate Brigades 
(p. 74), from which it is here reproduced: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 109. i Camp on. Sac River, December 2, 1861. 

I. A separate encampment will be forthwith established for the troops voluntering 
to enter the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, upon the terms stated in the- 
circular issued by Major-General Price on the 25th day of November last. 

II. All such volunteers will be admitted into the encampment either by companies, 
in squads, or individually. 

III. All individual volunteers and squads of less than twenty-five men will be 
organized into detachments for the purpose of transportation, subsistence, drill, and 
discipline, and temporary officers will be appointed over them by Major-General 
Price. 

IV. Muster rolls will, however, be furnished to squads of ten men or more pro- 
posing to organize a company, and they may establish within the encampment a 
recruiting rendezvous for such company. 

V. Whenever twenty-five or more men may volunteer to form a company, or any 
squad referred to in the last section shall be augmented to twenty-five men, they may 
be temporarily organized into a separate detachment, under the command of an officer 
to be appointed by the major-general, and who shall hold his office until the detach- 
ment shall have recruited to the legal standard, when an election of company officers 
will be held and the company duly organized. 

VI. The major-general will aj^point a competent officer with a sufficient staff to- 
command this volunteer corps. A regiment will be duly organized whenever a suffi- 
cient numljer of companies shall have been formed. 

VII. Companies may be organized without regard to the division of the State intO' 
military districts, and the major-general will furnish discharges to any number of the 
State Guard who will enlist in the volunteer corps. 

VIII. Until the muster rolls shall have been transferred to the Confederate gov- 
ernment the major-general will grant a discharge to any volunteer who shall furnish 
a substitute who will serve twelve months from the date of his substitution. 

IX. The volunteeer corps will be armed, equipped, tented, and clothed by the 
government, with as much uniformity as possible, out of the first supplies which 
shall be received. 

X. The regulations for the government of the Army of the Confederate States will 
be enforced in this corps. 

XI. Volunteers will report themselves to Col. Thomas L. Snead, so that they may 
be duh^ sworn into the service. 

By order of Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

H. Little, Adjutant-General. 

On the 13th of December Governor Jackson issued an address to the 
officers and soldiers of the Missouri State Guard and his fellow-citizens 
of the State, appealing to them to enter the service of the Confederate 
States. 

■ Again it becomes necessary to refer to an unofficial publication, no 
cop3" of Governor Jackson's proclam^jtion having been found among 
the records preserved in the War Department. The proclamation, as 
published in Moore's Rebellion Record (Vol. Ill, Docs., p. 471), reads 
as follows: 

Officers and Soldiers of the Missouri State Guard, and Fellow-citizens: 

In the month of June last, after having exhausted every honorable means of avert- 
ing the calamities of civil war, I called upon the State for 50,000 volunteers to drive 
the ruthless bands of hired invaders from our soil. Before making that call, I had 
asked that you might have the privilege of determining at the polls in a peaceable 
manner your future laolitical relations with the United States, determined on my 
part to abide that decision whatever it might be. That privilege — a right which 
belongs to every freeman — was denied you. Our enemies chose to submit your 
rights to the arbitrament of the sword, and we accept the issue so boastingly ten- 
dered us. 



VOLUNTEERS. 295 

There was no alternative left. We had either to draw the sword and defend our 
Tights or, like slaves, submit to the worst despotism on earth. Between these I 
oould not and did not hesitate. I chose the former, and hence, from that time to 
the present, grim-visaged war has stalked through our State from the Nishnabotna 
to the St. Francois; from the Des Moines to the Neosha, and in his trail have fol- 
lowed charred walls, blood-stained fields, and desolate homes. 

When the circumstances by which we were surrounded are considered, it must be 
acknowledged that the State responded nobly to my call; and to you who left all the 
•comforts of home and for six long months have been enduring all the hardships and 
sufferings of a soldier's life, too much praise and credit can not be given. Patiently 
have you borne the burning rays of the summer's sun, the beating storm, chilling 
blasts, and sickening hunger pains; and nobly have you stood upon the battlefield 
amid showering balls, bursting bombs, and charging horse. Yea, more than this, 
you have dared the burning fever, the feeble pulse, and risked the solitary grave 
•with all of a patriot's faith and hope. 

These things have you done, luy brave soldiers, but our work is not complete yet, 
for war, with its horrors and train of suffering, still hovers over our beloved State. 
We are fighting for liberty, equality, and independence, and can never leave the field 
while the foot of an enemy shall be left to pollute our soil. Everything on earth 
that renders life valuable and dear to freemen is at stake, and none but the basest 
slave and craven coward can yield in such a contest. Not so with the enemy. We 
seek not his subjugation, his country, or his home. He can quit the field, retire to 
his home, and thereby give peace and happiness to a bleeding and suffering country. 
He can by these means at once close the unrelenting crusade which he is now wag- 
ing against us. 

Our enemies in the State, though impudently and arrogantly asserting that a 
majority of the people are on their side, have by their own conduct given most indu- 
bitable evidence that all their claims are false, or that they themselves are too cow- 
ardly to fight their own battles. 

Are there any so blind among them as not to see that the predominant feeling in 
the State is with the South? Do they not know that an overwhelming majority of 
the people will never submit to the rule of an abolition despotism? Are they not 
aware that the usurpations of their defunct convention are almost universally con- 
demned by the people? If all these things are not well known to them, why did 
the convention, at its recent sitting, rescind their ordinance of a former session, sub- 
mitting their high-handed usurpations to a vote of the people for ratification? They 
know, and everybody knows, that the people would have put their seal of condem- 
nation, in thunder tones, upon all their unholy deeds, had the opportunity been 
afforded them. 

Why, if they have the majority, did they import regiment after regiment, brigade 
after brigade, general after general, from the ranks of Lincoln's hired hordes in the 
North to fight their battles in Missouri? Our friends from the South were never 
invited into Missouri until the Lincoln Government had quartered their Hessian 
troops all over the State. These troops thus quartered in our midst have been met 
upon every field, with few exceptions, by Missouri's sons alone, and with almost 
unvaried success. Now, when we have the assistance of the rich and powerful 
Southern Confederacy, with all her vast resources, and her gallant sons to stand by 
our sides, what must be the result? If any among us have hitherto entertained the 
idea that Missouri can be conquered, let them at once and forever banish the delu- 
sion from their minds. 

By your own strong arms and willing hearts, and dauntless courage, you have 
passed successfully through the darkest hour and greatest peril which can possibly 
attend the unholy crusade now being waged against you. Our enemies must hav§ 
been brought to know that a bloody revenge must and will follow a continuance of 
our persecution. It can not be supposed that a large majority of our people are to 
be driven from their homes and firesides, and forced to surrender up t he graves of 
their fathers and their children to Northern invaders. This can never be done as 
long as a man can be found or an arm shall be left to strike a blow. Overwhelming 
numbers may sometimes force us to retreat; circumstances may occasionally cause 
us to fall back; but, as certain as God reigns in Heaven, we will return again and 
again, until the last man shall have perished, or we shall have reclaimed our homes. 

I have said, and now repeat it, that our enemies can at any moment leave the field 
in safety and retire to their homes, whereas we can never lay down our arms with- 
out dishonor while an enemy shall pollute our soil with his unhallowed tread. Honor 
and patriotism alike forlnd it. The memories of the past and the hopes of the future 
equally forbid it. The question for Missouri to determine is now resolved into this 
single proposition: Shall she be the empire State of the glorious Southern Confed- 



294 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

eracy, the bright star and peer of Virginia, in the Southern constellation, or shall 
she ignominiously submit to the abolition yoke of Northern fanaticism — conquered, 
humbled, and disgraced — forced to remain under a government made tyrannical by- 
fanaticism, disgraced by its rulers, and contemptible in the eyes of the world? 

But it is useless now to argue the interest or policy of the State; our enemies have 
chosen to submit them both to the arbitrament of the sword, and by the sword they 
must be settled. There is no reason why we should shrink from the contest. The 
Missouri State Guard, almost single-handed, have fought the armies of all the West- 
ern States for more than six months with unparalleled success. Their victories at 
Cole Camp, at Carthage, at Oak Hills, Fort Scott, Lexington, Fredericktown, and 
Belmont can not fail to inspire the country with renewed zeal, energy, and courage. 
These noble and heroic deeds have passed into history, and will form the brightest 
page of the crisis through which our country is passing. 

My brave soldiers, now in the field, the six months for which you were called is 
now expiring, and many may desire to return to their homes. It is natural you 
should desire to do so; but let me beg you not now to turn back from the work you have 
so nobly begun; do not now fail when the eyes of the whole country are upon you- 
do not lose your glorious reputation for want of a little more patience; do not let the 
princely heritage of Missouri be lost to you and your children, when a few more 
weeks or days of perseverance may win it for you. Let me, therefore, entreat you 
to embrace the opportunity which is now offered you to volunteer in the service of 
that great young government, the Southern Confederacy — one of the brilliant stars 
of which is our own loved Missouri — and tight under that bright flag which has yet 
known no defeat. 

That the bond of union between ^lissouri and her Southern sisters may be more 
perfect, and that encouragement be given our men, and that system and unity of 
purpose exist which insures success, it has been determined that the present mem- 
bers of the Missouri vState Guard shall have the liberty to reorganize under the laws 
of the Southern Confederacy — that our Southern brothers may have the privilege of 
supplying our wants and paying our troops while we light our battles, which are also 
theirs. Do not let the frosts of winter deter you from embracing the opportunity. 
Do not fail to remember those patriotic sires who wintered at Valley Forge — let their 
bright example encourage you; the cause is the same — 'tis liberty and equality for 
which we fight. You have no homes to which you can safely go; the Hessian and 
the Jay hawker go wherever the army is not, and you will but put on the shackles of 
serfdom whenever you lay down your arms, even though it be but temporarily. 1 
know your patriotism — you have proved it. I know your bravery — the world has 
seen it. I know your endurance — the cheerfulness with which you have borne your 
hardships has demonstrated it. Then I pray you maintain your reputation but a 
little while longer and Missouri will be regenerated and redeemed. 

To my fellow-citizens who have not yet joined the army, I have now a word ta 
say. Can you longer delay? Can there be yet one lingering ray of hope in your 
hearts that the once glorious Union can ever be reconstructed or reunited? Can you 
expect to remain as quiet spectators, tilling your fields and attending to your private 
speculations, while 50,000 of your brave brothers are on the "warpath?" Do 
you not know that absence from the field but prolongs the war, and that you are 
at all times liable to depredations from either party? Come out, then, like men. 
Remember that "he who is not for us is against us !" You know as well as I that 
the people of Missouri are Southern people — that their sympathies, their hopes, and 
their interests are with the South. Then, I call upon you in the name of our noble 
State, now struggling for independence, to come out and help your brothers who are 
in the field. You can not ask or expect them to do all the fighting, to endure all the 
hardships, and divide with you their glory and successes. Yon should not expect 
{o enjoy the reward unless you participate in their struggles for victory and inde- 
pendence. 

C. F. Jackson. 

New Madrid, Mo., December 13, 1861. 

The call for the enlistment of Mis.souri volunteers for the Confeder- 
ate service was not enthusiastically received, and did not meet with the 
prompt response which possibly it mig-ht have received at an earlier 
date. Citizens, as well as members of the Missouri State Guard, were 
reluctant to enter the service of the Confederate States, their disinclina- 
tion to enlist in that service being- larg'ely due to the dela}^ of the 
President in the appointment of General Price as a major-g-eneral in 
the Confederate Army, and the distrust of the Confederate authorities 



VOLUNTEERS. 295 

engendered by their failure to cooperate to the extent expected in the 
attempts ot" the Missouri troops to free the State from the presence of 
the Federal forces. Some of the correspondence on this subject is 
here reproduced. 

On the 3d of December, 1861, President Davis wrote Hon. W. P. 
Harris, a Delegate to the Provisional Congress from the State of Mis- 
issippi: 

Richmond, Va., December 3, 1861. 
Hon. W. P. Harris, 

Confederate States Congress. 

My Dear Sir: Language was said by Talleyrand to be useful for the concealment 
of one's thoughts; but in our day it fails to communicate any thought. If it hail 
been otherwise, the complaint in relation to General Price of which you speak could 
not have been made. The commissioners of Missouri were informed that when that 
State offered troops they would be organized according to our military laws 
and generals would be appointed for brigades and divisions. Until then I have no 
power to appoint generals for those troops. The same statement, substantially, was 
made to the members of Congress from Missouri who called on me yesterday. They 
were also informed that, from conversation with informed persons and from corre- 
spondence now on file in the War Department, I was convinced that it was needful 
to the public interest that a general should be sent to the Arkansas and Missouri 
division who had not been connected with any of the troops on that line of opera- 
tions; and to the statement that the Missouri troops would not fully enlist under 
anyone except General Price, I asked if they required their general to be put in 
command of the troops of Arkansas, of Texas, and of other Southern States. To 
bring these different forces into harmonious cooperation is a necessity. 1 have 
sought to effect it by selecting General Heth to command them in combination. If 
it is designed, by calling Heth a West Point cadet, merely to object to his education 
in the science of war, it may pass for what it is worth; luit if it be intended to assert 
that he is without experience, his years of active and distinguished service on the 
frontier of Missouri and the territory west of it will, to those who examine before 
they censure, be a sufficient answer. The Federal forces are not hereafter, as here- 
tofore, to be commanded Ijy pathfinders and holiday soldiers, but by men of mili- 
tary education and experience in war. The contest is therefore to be on a scale of 
very different proportions than that of the partisan warfare witnessed during the past 
summer and fall. I have long since learned to bear hasty censure, in the hope that 
justice, if tardy, is sure, and in any event to find consolation in the assurance that 
all my ends have been my country's. 

With high respect, Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 701.] 

On the 13th of December, the Missouri delegation in the Confed- 
erate Congress addressed General Price as follows: 

Richmond, Va., December 13, 1861. 
Gen. Sterling Price. 

Dear Sir: Events of so extraordinary a character have transpired and are daily 
transpiring in this city connected with the affairs of Missouri that we think it of the 
utmost importance to communicate them to you by special messenger. For this 
purpose we have induced the War Department to appoint Colonel Peebles, of Gen- 
eral Clark's division, to convey you these dispatches. Those of our delegation who 
first reached Memphis were met by the alarming rumor that the President enter- 
taine<l the idea of appointing some other person than yourself to the command of 
the Missouri army and district. The delegates then in Memphis immediately hur- 
ried on, and upon their first morning's presence in Richmond waited upon the 
President to press your claims to the position. We assured him such a step as rumor 
attributed to him would paralyze our State and expose the entire Mississippi Valley 
to the enemy. In strong but respectful terms we urged the services done by the Mis- 
souri army for the Confederacy and the utter ruin which would follow us in the future if 
some stranger to our troops and people should be placed in your stead. The Presi- 
dent was firm and even impatient in his opposition to our views. He declared that 
while you had done well and while he entertained the kindest feelings for you 
personally, he was determined to appoint no man as major-general to command that 
department who was a resident of Missouri, Arkansas, or Texas. He alluded to the 



296 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

difficulties between yourself and McCuUoch, and gave this as a reason why some 
one disconnected with those feuds should be placed over all the forces. We ask 
your especial attention to the opinion of the President, as we desire, in justice to 
yourself and our army, that you should know from whom it originated. The Presi- 
dent is further pleased to intimate that our guerrilla lighting in Missouri must now 
give place to a different mode, that of regular, systematized warfare. He uttered 
this in no offensive sense, but evidently as a reason for the rule he has recently 
adopted in all cases of placing West Point graduates over the different divisions. 
The President further intimated that he had appointed Col. Henry Heth, ex-captain 
in the United States Army, as major-general of our district. Upon the next day 
Colonel Heth called upon us and stated that he had received the appointment and 
would start on the next Thursday for the command. We informed him frankly of 
our belief that the Missouri army would follow no one but yourself, and regretted 
the unfortunate position in which it placed our State. In the meantime assurances 
from every delegation on the floor of Congress were freely tendered us that no nomi- 
nation but that of yourself would be confirmed l)y Congress. The people and press 
also give unanimous expression to their indignation, and finally Colonel Heth, it is 
understood, requested the President to withdraw his name, or rather not to send it 
in to our body for their consideration. 

General Clark and Colonel Cooke had in the meantime arrived, and both waited 
upon the President. They found him very much in the same mood as we have 
described before, but disposed to await further time and developments. It is under- 
stood now that C^eneral McCuUoch will reach here this evening, and we fear for no 
purpose friendly to yourself. Of one thing, however, sir, you may rest assured — Con- 
gress will confirm no one but yourself. Daily and hourly assurances are given us 
that we will be supported in our course, and we are unanimous in pressing your name 
to the last extremity. It becomes our duty now, sir, to mention a matter of the most 
delicate nature in regard to the origin of this whole difficulty. It was understood at 
the time of our secession, by the legislature and the whole army, that you would 
receive this appointment. Governor Jackson, however, has pursued a course calcu- 
lated to create doubt in the mind of the President, whether we really wished it or 
not. We are not at liberty to give the full information in our possession, but the 
time will speedily arrive at which the matter can and shall be fully ventilated. We 
M'ish to create no difficulty between yourself and the Executive, especially at a crisis 
like the present, but we deem it proper that you should be apprised of the fact that 
not to any want of exertion upon our part, but to another quarter, is the service of 
Missouri indebted for the difficulty now existing. The appointment of Colonel Heth 
had been agreed upon before our arrival, and nothing but our prompt exertion would 
have even delayed the full consummation of the design. As it is, we are sanguine of 
being able to effect our object yet, notwithstanding the obstacles in the way. The 
President, at any rate, has stopped in his headlong career and begins to hear the pub- 
lic voice. We have introduced a bill giving us the credit of the Confederate States 
to the amount of $1,000,000 to pay our army for past services before our admission, 
and believe we can secure its passage; also an amendment to the sequestration act 
protecting our people against the confiscations of the Gamble government in Missouri 
and to secure us against the payment of taxes to both governments. It is with the 
highest gratification we are able to state that our reception here by the Congress and 
people has been of the kindest nature, and permit us to say further that your name 
and praise are identical with that of INIissouri in the gallant struggle through which 
she is passing. We inclose instructions from the Secretary of War in regard to the 
organization of our forces as Confederate troops, and would suggest that the transfer 
be made as soon as possible, and we would further suggest that you dispatch to us 
immediately a courier with any suggestions in relation to the service you may think 
proper, and any intelligence of interest to the public. We will, as soon as possible, 
establish a line of couriers to your headquarters by an act of Congress. 
Very respectfully, 

John B. Clark. 

C. W. Bell. 

Thomas A. Harris. 

Thos. W. Freeman. 

Wm. M. Cooke. 

G. G. Vest. 

A. H. Conrow. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 761.] 

The criticism of Governor Jackson in the letter last quoted was 
doubtless due to certain expressions in a letter addressed by him to 



VOLUNTEERS. 'Zy i 

the President, November 5, 1801, traii.smitting- the acts of the general 
assembly of the State preparatoiy to organic union with the Con- 
federate States. In that letter Governor Jackson said, referring to 
the expected union: 

As soon as this may be done I desire that the Missouri forces shall he reorganized 
at the earliest practicable moment under the Confederate Government and a general 
appointed at once to command all the forces that may be ordered to ^Missouri. Who 
the man shall be is of no consequence to me. I have full confidence in your good 
judgment, and doubt not you will give us the best man you can. General Bragg 
would be very acceptable, but we will all be satisfied with anyone you may select. 

You know better than I that an army to be successful can have but one head, and 
that should be a good one. It may possibly be known to you that heretofore there 
has not been that degree of harmony and concert of action Vjetween Generals Price 
and McCuUoch that should exist between officers laboring in a common cause. 
While this has been the case hitherto to some extent, I am rejoiced now to be able 
to say that a restoration of the most amicable relations has been effected and that 
they and their armies are now cooperating together in the most harmonious manner. 

[Ibid., p. 755.] 

On December 20, 1861, the President wrote to General Price, express- 
ing his regard for the welfare of Missouri and his desire for a tender 
of troops from that State, to be organized into l)rigades and divisions 
under the laws of the Confederate States. Following is a copy of his 
letter: 

Richmond, Va., December 20, 1861. 
Gen. Sterling Price, 

Commanding Missouri Forces. 

My Dear (teneral: I have received, with much pleasure, your letter of the 10th 
ultimo, with the inclosed correspondence. It was not needed to make me appreciate 
the difficulties and embarrassments under which you have labored nor the sacrifices 
and devotion displayed in the cause of Missouri and the South. For all this you have 
not only my thanks and those of the good people of your own State, but also those 
of the whole South. We here have not forgotten you; but, on the contrary, have 
been most anxious to give to Missouri all the aid in our power, and have been hope- 
fully looking for the tender of troops from Missouri and Arkansas, to be organized 
into brigades and divisions under the laws of the Confederate States. We have at 
present no troops to give you except those under General McCulloch, and you are 
aware of their condition. 

I was sorry to learn from Colonel Cooke that the term of service of your forces is 

for so short a period, and that the term of enlistment of so many is about to expire. 

You know the disadvantage of short terms of service. Can you not organize a force 

for the war? So long as it lasts the people of the country in which it is carried on 

must engage in it, and, until our independence is recognized and peace restored, the 

only Cjuestion should be, how can these ends be best promoted? 

******** 

You may rest assured that the welfare of Missouri is as dear to me as that of other 
■States of the Confederacy, and that I will do all in my power to assist her in her 
.struggle to maintain the common cause and to vindicate her freedom and sovereignty. 

Accept my most friendly remembrance and assurances of my best wishes for your 
success and happiness. 

Vei'y respectfully and truly, yours, Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 716.] 

On the following day the President addressed Governor Jackson, 
urging the tender of troops to the Confederate Government, in order 
that they might be duh' organized and general officers appointed. He 
said : 

Richmond, Va., December 31, 1861. 
His Excellency the Governor of Missouri. 

My Dear Sir: We are anxious that the troops of ^Missouri should be tendered to 
the Confederate Government, in order that they may be organized into brigades and 
■divisions and general officers appointed for them, or if preferable to them, received 



298 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

as independent companies or battalions, for such further organization as the interest 
of the service and the character of the troops may indicate. By this it is thought 
that their efficiency will be increased, and that they will be relieved from the 
anomalous position they now occupy as militia of the Confederate States without 
being a part of their organized army. 

This arrangement seems very desirable to me, both for the sake of the Missouri 
troops and the advancement of our cause, and I hope it will meet with your concur- 
rence. 

Very respectfully and truly, yours, Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., p. 717.] 

To this letter Governor Jackson replied, December 30, 1861, as 
follows: 

New Orleans, December 30, 1861. 
His Excellency the President of the Confederate States. 

Sir: Your letter of the 21st instant, forwarded by Colonel Gaines, has been 
received. With respect to the matter of transferring the Missouri troops to the Con- 
federate Government, I have to say that the measure has not only my concurrence 
but my hearty approval. 

The moment I received intelligence that Missouri had been admitted a member of 
the Confederacy I wrote to General Price, urging him to have the transfer made at 
the earliest moment and to get the troops ^\for the war" if possible. What success 
has attended the general's efforts I have no means of knowing, not having heard 
from him since. 

Surrounded, however, as he is with embarrassments of the greatest magnitude, his 
men borne down by all the hardships and privations of a summer's campaign, dis- 
couraged and disheartened as they must feel from having been abandoned by every 
Confederate soldier from the other States, and being left alone to face a foe of more 
than five times their strength, poorly clad, and suffering for the want of a proper 
supply of provisions, I can scarcely expect the most favorable results. For more 
than six month the Missouri army, almost single-handed, have successfully held in 
check the Lincoln forces in our State. From time to time they have been promised 
assistance frotn the Confederate States, but it has not come — so far from it, indeed, 
what few Confederate troops were upon our border and within the State have been 
withdrawn from it, marched down to the Arkansas River, and put into winter 
quarters more than two months before winter had set in. Not the foot of a Southern 
soldier now treads the soil of Missouri, except the men under the command of Price 
and Thompson. 

General Price and his men being thus forsaken by those on whom they relied for 
aid, their State being left to the mercy of the thieving Jayhawker and murderous 
Hessian, their towns and their houses destroyed by fire, their property stolen, their 
country laid waste, and their wives and children driven from their homes to perish 
or to live as best they can, you may rely upon it, Mr. President, that men thua 
abandoned, however much they may love the gallant chief who has so nobly and 
successfully led them to victory upon every field, and however much they may be 
devoted to the cause for which they have so fearlessly and cheerfully fought, it can 
scarcely be expected they will enter the Confederate Army with that alacrity and 
promptness they would do under more favorable auspices. 

Their confidence in the good faith of the Confederate Government has to some 
extent been shaken in not having received the support of the Confederate troops 
stationed upon their border during the summer. They have not been able to see 
why the troops under General McCulloch did not cooperate with them in their march 
to Lexington, and in the reduction of that place. 

They believe that with the aid of the Confederate forces then in the State we could 
have held that place, and by so doing could have doubled the strength of our army. 
Deprived of that support, the army was forced by the overwhelming numbers of the 
enemy to fall back upon our southern border. 

After the evacuation of Springfield by the Federal forces General Price again 
determined to march toward Lexington and try once more to strengthen his army 
with new recruits and turn over to the Confederate Government his entire force, but 
in this effort, as in the former, he was unsupported by the Confederate troops, and 
doomed to the alternative of going alone. 

What success has attended him I am unable to say. With all my confidence in 
his energy, skill, and courage, I can not but feel the most anxious solicitude for the 
safety of himself and men, knowing as I do the difficulties and perils by which he is 
surrounded. 



VOLUNTEEKS. 299 

It gives me no pleasure to recite these recurrences, and I pray you not to under- 
stand me as doing so in any spirit of complaint against the good faith of the Con- 
federate Government toward Missouri. , 

An imperative sense of duty to my State, to General Price, and the brave men 
who have so faithfully served their country under him, require, in my judgment^ 
that you should know all the facts in the case, and 1 ask that you will give them the 
consideration due them. 

That General Price will exert himself to the utmost in raising men for the Con- 
federate service I have no shadow of doubt; but if his efforts shall not be crowned 
with that success we have so earnestly hoped for, it is due to him and to the country 
that the reasons should be known. 

Without intending to have been importunate I have felt it my duty to urge again 
and again, as you are aware, the appointment of General Price to the chief command 
of the Western Department. I think him the man for the place. Those who have 
served under him and who know him best, as well as the whole country, Ijelieve 
him to be the man. 

If it could be announced in his camp to-day that he is to command, there would 
be one universal shout of joy, and such an impetus would be given to the work of 
recruiting as nothing else can impart to it. 

If I did not feel so deeply impressed with the importance of an early, if not imme- 
diate, appointment for the Western Department, I should not press the matter 
further upon your consideration. Much, very much, in my judgment, depends upon 
early action. I hope you have already been clothed with power to make the appoint- 
ment. If you have not, Congress surely will not delay in conferring it when interests 
so vital to the safety of the country are at stake. 

I have the honor to be, etc., C. F. Jackson. 

[Ibid., p. 724.] 

On the same date Governor Jackson wrote to General Price: 

New Orleans, December 30, 1861. 
Major-General Price: 

My Dear General: The bearer of this letter will hand you several dispatches from 
Richmond, which will acquaint you with what is going on there. 

I have read the letter which the President has addressed to you. I send you the 
one he addressed to me, and likewise a copy of my answer to him. I think the 
time has come when we should speak out in plain terms. I have endeavored to call 
the attention of Mr. Davis to the true condition of things in Missouri, and have urged 
the necessity of prompt action in the premises. Whether we shall succeed in getting 
it I am unable to say. Why it is that he can not give you the appointment at once 
I am utterly at a loss to determine. He certainly had it in contemplation to appoint 
Colonel Heth to the chief command, or Mr. Hunter's dispatch to me was sent with- 
out authority, and this Mr. Hunter certainly would not do. If, then, the President 
had the power to appoint Colonel Heth, I can not see w'hy he has not the authority 
to appoint you. I am free to acknowledge there is a mystery about this whole affair 
which I do not comprehend. 

I hope all is right, and, indeed, I have the strongest faith that you will yet receive 
the appointment. I know how easy it is for the acts and intentions of public men to 
be misunderstood, and how common it is for ill-disposed persons to cry a man down 
without any just cause, and therefore I will not censure the President until I know 
he has wronged us. 

******* 

Faithfully, your friend, 

C. F. Jackson. 
[Ibid., p. 725.] 

On the 8th of January, 1802, the President replied to Governor 
Jackson's letter of December 30, 1861, as follows: 

Richmond, Va., Januarys, 1862. 
Governor C. F. Jackson. 

Sir: Your letter of the 30th ultimo, sent me through the Hon. Jno. B. Clark, 
together with one addressed to himself, has been this day received. Viewed as a 
reply to mine of the 21st, it is most extraordinary that you should recite the suffer- 
ings and ask me to appoint a commander of the militia over which you have control, 
and concerning the transfer of whom I had written to you, pointing out the necessity 
for their tender to the Confederate Government in order that they might be put on 



300 MISSOURI TROOPS— CONFEDERATE. 

the footing of other vohiuteers in the Confederate service, that brigavles and divisions 
might be organized, and commanding generals be appointed for tliem. You seem 
only to reniemlier what others have not .done, else in enumerating the privations of 
your own militia, not mustered into the Confederate service, you would have men- 
tioned the relief afforded to them by the agent of the Confederate Government, sent 
by me with money to cover more than the objects you and General Atchison origi- 
nally specified. 

You speak of delay and ne:^lect of Missouri by the authorities at Richmond. In 
what our delay consists and wherein our neglect has been manifested you do not 
state, but it would seem to have been in not appointing a general before we had 
troops for him, or in not appointing him to command your militia, and in not having 
an organized army in your State when you have not furnished to me a regiment; and 
now when we want muster rolls, to send me only your reasons why the Missouri 
volunteers may not be willing to enter the service of the Confederate States and con- 
tribute to make up the army which is needed to defend Missouri. 

Though your letter was written at New Orleans, as you do not say how long you 
will remain there I send this to Memphis under the expectation that you will return 
to that place or to Missouri, and take the occasion to renew my request for the tender 
of any armed troops which you may be able to offer to the Confederate States for 
the common defense or for the local defense of Missouri. 

Very respectfully, yours, etc., Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., p. 733.] 

On the same date the President also wrote to Hon. John B. Clark: 

Richmond, Va., January 8, 1862. 
Hon. John B. Clark, Richmond, Va. 

Sir: I have read the two letters from Governor Jackson sent by you this day. The 
governor speaks of delay by the authorities at Richmond and neglect of the interests 
of Missouri, and expresses the hope that he has said enough to be well understood 
by me. When I remember that he writes in reply to my call upon him to hasten 
the tender of Missouri troops, so that they should be put upon the footing of those 
of other States, and with a knowledge that as militia of the State I had no power to 
organize or appoint a commander for them, and that it was his duty to attend to their 
wants, but that I had sent an agent for the Confederate Government as far as prac- 
ticable to furnish the necessarv supplies to the militia of Missouri actually in serv- 
ice, I can only say I hope he is not understood by me. It is but a short time since, 
in a conversation of ours, I freely explained to you the case so far as I am connected 
with it, and there is nothing for me to add to what you then seemed to consider 
conclusive. 

Very respectfully, yours, etc., Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 767.] 

On the 1st of January, 1862, Bri^. Gen. M. Jeff. Thompson, of the 
Missouri State Guard, addressed a letter to General Price in which he 
said, relative to the discouragements met with in the enlistment of 
troops for the Confederate service: 

New Madrid, Mo., January 1, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, 

Missouri State Guard, in Camp. 
Dear General: The instructions from your headquarters and your circular were 
received, and I have endeavored as far as possible to comply with your orders. I 
have, however, lieen very nuich discouraged by the action of my command and, from 
newspaper rumors, I am fearful you have suffered in the same way. I endeavored 
to get all to disbanii and reorganize on the same day, each company of men selecting 
at once their new officers, and without any cessation to go on with our good work, 
but I could not get a corporal's guard to agree to reenlist without first returning 
home, or taking the Christmas holidays, or some other excuse, and I had to adopt a 
plan to suit the condition of things; it was to march each regiment to the nearest 
safe point to the majorit}^ of their homes, and, setting different days for them to dis- 
band, to endeavor to induce them to reenlist. Of those dislmnded at this place but 
few have volunteered up to this time. The Stoddard County regiment disbands this 
day at Camp Blanton, in Stoddard County. The Dunklin County regiment disbands 
on the 4th at Clarkton, and the Ripley County regiment disbands on the sth at Pit- 
man's Ferry. How many of these will volunteer it is impossible to tell, but I am 
sure I will have but a skeleton force until February or March. The men are all 



VOLUNTEERS. 301 

gounder than the officers, and if I could but stop their croaking all would be well. 
I do not censure all, for many of them are patriotic gentlemen, who are willing to 
serve anywhere or work in any kind of harness, but many also who can not be 
reelected, from incompteucy or other causes, for the purpose of covering their own 
defeat hunt a thousand excuses, and delay othei'S who would immediately join. 

I am now without an army, but still have hope, and if left single-handed and alone, 
I will keep the enemy in my neighborhood uneasy and on guard. 

******* 

Yours, most respectfully, M. Jeff. Thompson, 

Brigadier- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 727.] 

On the 16th of January General Thompson wrote to General Polk, 
the Confederate commander at Columbus, Ky. : 

New Madrid, Mo., January 16, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, 

Confederate States Army, Columbus, Ky. 
Dear General: * * * Great inducements are being offered to my men to return 
to their homes and violent threats against those who do not. We are laboring under 
great difficulties, but I am not discouraged, although opposed by many circumstances 
which others must assist me to remove. 

As soon as Governor Jackson reaches this point I hope he will counteract the oppo- 
sition to the Confederate service which seems to isrevail among the people. 

******* 

Yours, most respectfully, M. Jeff. Thompsox, 

Brigadier-General, Missouri State G%iard. 
[Ibid., p. 735.] 

On the 9th of January, 1862, an act was passed by the Confederate 
Congress, which became a law without the President's signature, in 
which the President was authorized to appoint a major-general and 
such brigadier-generals as he might think proper to command the 
troops then and thereafter to be raised for the Provisional (Confeder- 
ate) Army in the State of IVIissouri, such officers to receive pay from 
the dates of their respective appointments and to be allowed the usual 
staff officers suitable to their rank. This act reads as follows: 

AN ACT to provide for raising and organizing, in the State of Missouri, additional troops for the 
Provisional Army of the Confederate States. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact. That the President be, and 
he is hereby, authorized to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of Con- 
gress, to appoint and commission in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, 
one major-general and such brigadier-generals to the command of troops now and 
hereafter to be raised and organized for the Provisional Army in the State of Mis- 
souri as he may think proper. 

Sec. 2. All officers appointed under the provisions of this act shall be entitled to 
receive pay from the date of their respective appointments, and shall be allowed the 
usual staff appropriate to their rank, and shall be assigned to the duty of raising and 
organizing Confederate forces in said State, with the view of putting them and their 
respective commands in the field at the earliest practicable period. 

Sec. 3. This act to take effect from and after its passage. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 773.] 

Before the foregoing enactment became a law a bill somewhat 
similar in its provisions was passed, in which the President was author- 
ized to appoint, not only general and staff officers, but such field and 
-:Company officers as might be required "to facilitate and expedite the 
raising and organization of troops in the State of Missouri,"" with rank 
and pay from the dates of their respective appointments, but without 
the condition prescribed in the act quoted above that they were to 



302 . MISSOURI TROOPS COISTFEDERATE. 

command Missouri troop.s. Tiie bill as passed by Congress was in the 
following terms: 

AN ACT to provide for raisins and organizing, in the State of Missouri, additional forces for the 
Provisional Army of the Confederate States. 

Section 1. Tlw Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That in order 
to facilitate and expedite the rai.sinjj and organization of troops in the State of 
Missouri the President ]>e, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint, by and with 
the advice and consent of Congress, such major and brigadier generals, field, staff, 
and company officers, as the interests of the common defense may require. 

Sec. 2. The officers appointed under the provisions of this act shall be entitled to 
rank and receive pay from the date of their respective appointments, and shall be 
assigned to the immediate duty of raising and organizing Confederate troops in the 
State of Missouri; and if such officers shall not, within a reasonable time, report their 
appropriate commands organized and ready for duty, the President may, in his dis- 
cretion, vacate their commissions. 

Sec. 3. The officers and men raised under the provisions of this act shall be subject 
to all the rules and regulations for the government of the Provisional Army of the 
Confederate States, in like manner as other troops of the Provisional Army. 

Alexander H. Stephens, 
Presideid of the Congress, pro tempore. 

January 13, 1862. 
I certify that this act passed the Congress. 

J. J. Hooper, Secretarv. 
[Ibid.] 

This bill was returned by the President without his approval, for 
reasons stated by him, as follows: 

Executive Office, January 23, 1862. 
To the Congress of tJte Confederate States: 

After mature deliberation I have not been able to approve the bill herewith 
returned, entitled "An act to provide for raising and organizing in the State of Mis- 
souri additional forces for the Provisional Army of the Confederate States." In a 
message just suljmitted to the Congress in relation to certain forces to be raised in the 
State of Texas, I have stated the objections entertained to any legislative discrimina- 
tion for or against a particular State, thereby disturbing the harmony of the sys- 
tem adopted for the common defense. In a bill very recently passed by the Congress 
a new plan has been established for raising and organizing troops for the Confederate 
service. By the provisions of this last-mentioned law you have given me authority 
to raise and' organize troops in all the States by granting commissions in advance of 
the actual enlistment of the troops to officers below the grade of general officers and 
above that of subalterns. To the officers thus commissioned you do not give any 
pay or allowances until the actual organization of the companies, battalions, or regi- 
ments that the officers so commissioned were empowered to rai.se, and you do not 
allow pay, but have even prohibited the allowance of subsistence or transportation 
to the men enrolled in order to enable them to reach the rendezvous of their com- 
panies. By the terms of the bill now returned an exception is made in favor of the 
State of Missouri alone. By the provisions of the bill it is contemplated that advance 
commissions shall be granted to officers of all grades from the highest general officer 
of the Provisional Army to. the lowest subaltern of a company, and that the officers 
whether of the staff or the line thus appointed shall receive pay from the date of 
their respective appointments without any condition rendering this pay dependent 
on their success in raising troops. The general bill which has now become a law 
applicable to Missouri as to all the other States fixes a reasonable term within which 
officers commissioned in advance must succeed in raising troops under penalty of 
forfeiting their commissions. The present bill removes this salutary restriction and 
vests in the Executive the dangerous power not only of appointing at his discretion 
an unlimited number of military officers irrespective of any troops to be commanded 
by them, but allows him to retain the officers so appointed in the public service at 
the public expense during the Executive pleasure. 

I am not able to perceive in the present condition of public affairs in the State of 
Missouri the necessity which would form the only possible excuse for a grant of such 
power to a constitutional Executive. I receive assurances from those whose sources 
of inforination are entirely reliable that the raising and organization of troops in 
Missouri for service in the Confederate Army are succe,ssfully progressing, and that 
within a very few days the muster rolls will be received, thus placing it in my power 



VOLUNTEERS. 803 

to organize the ai-my in that State on precisely the same footing as in all the othei's, 
and thus avoid any need for exceptional legislation. 

In addition to these objections foundeil on principle there wonld be a practicable 
difficulty in the operation of the bill, which appears insunnountaljle. All the troops 
now in servii-e in the State of Missouri are State troojis, commanded by State officers, 
which have never V)een tendered or received in the Confederate service. In exercis- 
ing the power of appointment proposed to be vested in me by the bill the best hope 
for success in its purpose would be founded on selecting those officers who had dis- 
tinguished themselves in command and had become endeared to the troojis. But 
this would be to dejirive the State troops of their commanding officers during the 
whole period necessary for the enrollment and organization of the troops under Con- 
federate laws. Missouri would thus be left comparatively defenseless while the 
reorganization was progressing. Therefore, regarding this bill as impolitic and 
unnecessary, it is submitted for your reconsideration. 

Jefferson Davis. 

[Ibid., p. 771.] 

It may here be stated that by an act approved February 17. 1862, 
the act "passed January ninth, eighteen hundred and sixty -two," 
quoted above, was repealed. (Official Records of the Union and Con- 
federate Armies, Series IV, Vol. 1, p. 943.) 

Notwithstanding- the obstacles in the way of recruiting for the Con- 
federate service, General Price was able to report on the 17th of 
January, 1862, that two regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and 
two batteries of light artillery had been organized, and that several 
other regiments of infantry, a regiment of cavalry, and several com- 
panies of artillery were in a forward state of enlistment. Following 
is a copy of his report: 

Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

Springfield, January 17, 1862. 
Hon. J. P. Benjamin, * 

Secretari/ of War, Richmond, To. 

Sir: I have the honor to inform you that two regiments of infantry, Colonels Bur- 
bridge and Rives; one regiment of cavalry. Colonel Gates; two light batteries, one 
of six pieces. Captain Wade, the other of four pieces, Capt. S. Churchill Clark, have 
been organized here in conformity to the laws of the Confederate States for service 
in the Provisional Army. The muster rolls are being rapidly made out, and will be 
transmitted to you within five or six days. 

I have organized these regiments and batteries into a temporary brigade, under 
the command of Col. Henry Little, Confederate States Army. 

I hojie that it will be the President's pleasure to accept the transfer of these 
troops without any unnecessary delay and as tendered of this date. The infantry 
regiments and the artillery companies are fully armed and equipped. The cavalry 
regiment is well armed and equipped, and will be completely armed and equipped 
by the State. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Sterling Price, 
Major-General, Commanding Missouri State Guard. 

P. S. — Several other regiments of infantry, a regiment of cavalry (for the war), 
and several companies of artillery are in a forward state of enlistment, and I expect 
to have the pleasure of transmitting to you the muster rolls of several additional 
brigades within a very few weeks. 

Yours, very respectfully, Sterling Price, 

Major-General, Missouri State Guard. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 736.] 

On the 2;-)d of January General Price promulgated a general order 
providing, among other things, for the distribution of the volunteer 
troops into brigades and battalions. This order reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 

No. 26. j Springfield, Mo., January 23, 186£. 

I. The volunteer force will be ilistriljuted until further orders into two brigades and 
an extra battalion. 



304 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

II. The following troops will constitute the First Brigade: 

1. The First Regiment Cavalry, Colonel Gates. 

2. The First Regiment Infantry, Colonel Burbridge. 

3. The Second Regiment Infantry, Colonel Rives. 

4. Captain Wade's battery. 

5. Captain Clark's battery. 

Col. Henry Little will assume command of this brigade, and appoint, with the 
major-general's approval, a brigade staff, consisting of: 

1. An adjutant, with the rank of captain. 

2. An inspector, with the rank of captain. 

3. An ordnance officer, with the rank of captain. 

4. A quartermaster, with the rank of major. 

5. A commissary, with the rank of major. 

6. An aide-de-camp, with the rank of first lieutenant. 

7. A surgeon. 

III. The following troops will, until further ordei-s, constitute the Second Brigade: 

1. Colonel Bevier's battalion of infantry. 

2. Colonel Rosser's battalion of infantry. 

3. Colonel McCulloch's battalion of cavalry. 

4. Captain Lucas's squad of artillery. 

5. Captain Landis's squad of artillery, together with all other battalions, squads, 
and individuals that do not enlist in either the First Brigade or the extra battalion. 

IV. The extra battalion will compose all volunteers who do not enlist in either 
the First or Second Brigades, and will be under the command of General McBride 
or some officer designated by him. 

V. Gen. William Y. Slack will assume command of the Second Brigade, and, 
with the major-general's' approval, appoint such staff officers as the exigencies of the 
service may require. He will, further, establish an encampment and order into it 
all volunteers who have not already been enrolled in or who shall not immediately 
cause themselves to be enrolled in either the First Brigade or the extra battalion. 
This order will be rigidly and immediately enforced. He will organize the troops of 
the brigade into squads and battalions. Each squad shall consist of at least twenty- 
five men and each battalion of at least three squads. Th^commanding officer of each 
battalion and squad shall be appointed l)y the commanding officer of the brigade, 
subject to the major-general's approval. All other battalion and squad officers shall 
be appointed by the commander of the battalion or squad, with the approval of the 
officer commanding the brigade. 

The squads will be organized into companies as speedily as possible and the com- 
panies into regiments. 

The cavalry of this brigade and one or more squads of artillery may be temporarily 
attached to any division of the State Guard, upon the application of the commander of 
such division. A daily report of the strength and condition of such cavalry or squad 
shall, however, be made to the commanding officer of the brigade. 

VI. The term of service of anyone volunteering to enter the Confederate service 
begins from the date of his enrollment in an organized company, or from the date 
of the organization of the company when he enlists in an unorganized company. 

The pay of those enlisted within twenty miles of these headquarters will begin from 
the date of their enrollment by the proper officer of either the First or the Second 
Brigade or of the extra battalion. 

The troops remain in the pay of the State until the transmission of the muster 
rolls to the Secretary of War, which act transfers them to the Provisional Army of 
the Confederate States and puts them in the pay of the Confederate Go\'ernment. 

VII. No one except the quartermaster or commissary of one of the brigades or of 
the extra battalion shall purchase any stores or supjilies of any kind for the use of 
the troops in this corps nor give a receipt for any article obtained for their use, nor 
shall any such quartermaster or commissary issue subsistence or supi^lies of any kind 
to any company, squad, or individual, except upon requisition in due form, approved 
by the commander of the iM-igade or extra battalion, nor shall such commander 
approve any requisition unless the troops for whom it shall be made be duly enrolled 
in his brigade or battalion. Any officer who shall presume to disobey this order 
will be held to a strict accountability. 

VIII. The quartermaster, commissary, and ordnance officer of the First Brigade 
will each take an exact inventory of all the public property within the brigade 
belonging to his department; and after obtaining therefor the proper receipts (in 
the form required by the regulations for the government of the armies of the Con- 
federate States) from the officers to whom the same has been delivered, he will 
receipt in due form to the quartermaster-general and commissary-general of the 
State for such property. 



VOLUNTEERS. 305 

IX. No discharge will be hereafter granted to any soldier of the State Guard upon 
the ground of " reenlistment for twelve months or longer" unless he shall bring a 
certificate from tlie adjutant of one of the brigades or of the extra battalion that he 
has been duly enrolled in such l)rigade or battalion. 

X. The Confederate Government will not accept any additional companies of 
cavalry unless they enlist for the war. 

By order of ]Maj. Gen. S. Price: 

Wji. H. Brand, 
Assistant A djiUant- General. 
[Il)id., p. 739.] 

On the 28th of January Col. Thomas L. Snead was dispatched to 
Richmond with the rolls of the completed organizations (Official Records 
of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 744), 
and on the 5th of February the Secretar}" of War, acknowledging- the 
receipt of General Price's letter of eTanuaiy 17, quoted al:)ove, assured 
him, in effect, that it had always been the intention of the President 
to appoint him a major-general in the Confederate service as soon as 
a number of troops should l^e nnistered in from Missouri sufficient to 
form a division. The Secretary's letter, which contains several items 
of information besides that relating to General Price's appointment, 
is here quoted. 

War Department, Richmond, Fehrvary 5, 1862. 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, Springfield, Mo. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 17th ultimo. I am 
much gi'atified to learn that you are proceeding successfully in the effort to organize 
troops for service under the Confederacy and have already a brigade under Col. 
Henry Little. 

The President, whose intention it has always been to secure your services in the 
common cause as soon as a number of troops could be mustered in from Missouri 
sufficient to form a division, at first thought of tendering yovi the nomination of com- 
mander of the brigade already formed as a preliminary to the further nomination to 
command a division as soon as another brigade could be formed, but he has been 
arrested l:)y the fear that your removal from the command of the State troops before 
the transfer was complete might have the effect of breaking up your present forces 
before your new command was organized. 

I have to request that at your earliest convenience you forward to me (and it will 
be held confidential if you wish it) a list of the officers of your State troops compe- 
tent, in your opinion, to command brigades, in the order of their merit. It is a 
most difficult and thankless task to select commanders, and at this distance from the 
scene of action Ave are entirely at a loss how to determine on the capacity of those 
recommended for high military commands. 

You seem from the terms of your letter to be under some misapprehension when 
you say that you hope the transfer of the troops already brigaded will be accepted 
without any unnecessary delay. The troops are already accepted at the instant you 
have them mustered into service; we require nothing further, but in order to secure 
the return of the mustej' rolls to this department I have generalh' refused to furnish 
the commissions for the regimental staff until I had the muster rolls. 

You are aware that under our organization each regiment is entitled to the follow- 
ing staff, viz: One assistant quartermaster, one assistant commissary, one surgeon, 
one assistant surgeon, one chaplain, and one adjutant. We are in the habit of nomi- 
nating these on the recommendation of the colonels of the regiments, and as fast as 
regiments are formed the colonels ought to consult their regiments and send me a 
list of the staff they desire to have nominated. 

We are making every effort to raise for your aid such a force in Arkansas, Texas, 
northern Louisiana, as shall be able, when combined with your own troops, to make 
a vigorous campaign, commencing, if possible, by 10th to loth next month. 
I am, your obedient servant, 

J. P. Benjamin, Secretani of War. 

[Ibid., p. 747.] 

On the 3d of February, 1862, under the provisions of an act approved 
January 23, 1862, entitled "An act to authorize the President to call 
upon the several States for troops to serve for three years or during 
S. Doc. 412 20 



306 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

the war," the governor of Missouri was called upon to furnish the 
State's quota of ''about T1,0U(» men/' This requisition, of which the 
following is a copy, was, however, qualified by the remark that under 
the peculiar circumstances under which Missouri was placed it could 
not be hoped that the governor would be aVjle at once to furnish the 
number of men required. 

Confederate States of America, War Department, 

Biclnnondf T«., Febniary 3, 1S62. 
C. F. Jackson, Governor of Missouri. 

Sir: Congress has recently passed a law entitled "An act to authorize the Presi- 
dent to call upon the several* States for troops to serve for three years or during the 
war," and, in accordance with its provisions, I have been instructed by the Presi- 
dent to make a call on the several States for a numlier of men, to Vje enlisted for the 
war, sufticient to till up a quota equal to 6 per cent, of the entire white population. 
Under these instructions the number of troops required from your State would be 
about 71,000 men, or 89 regiments of 800 men on an average. Under the peculiar 
circumstances in which Missouri is placed, and the difficulties which embarrass her 
authorities, I can not hope that you will be able at present to meet the requisition, 
which it is, however, my duty to make. 

I therefore respectfully call on your excellency fo raise and have mustered into 
the Confederate service the above-named number of regiments, or so many thereof 
as it may be possible for you to obtain. These regiments will be called into camps 
of instruction, which you are invited to select. They will there be clothed, sub- 
sisted, and armed at the expense of the Confederate States. Each man will receive 
a bounty of $50 when mustereil into service, as well as transportation from his home 
to the place of rendezvous. 

It is earnestly hoped that your excellency will spare no effort to have your troops 
ready for the field by Mai'ch 15, at which date it is confidently believed you will be 
joined by the forces of your sister States in such numijers as will enable us, by con- 
joint effort, to drive the invader from the soil of Missouri. 
I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. P. Ben.tamin, SecreUiri/ of War. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 906.] 

The State authorities were at this time strenuously engaged in the 
enlistment of volunteers for the Confederate service, and it does not 
appear that their action was or could be in any way affected by the 
requisition just quoted. 

According to a return made by the adjutant and inspector general 
of the Confederate States, the Missouri troops in the Confederate 
service February 28, 1862, numbered 3,200. It has, however, been 
shown in this paper that there were then several regiments in process 
of organization not included in this return. 

On the 19th of March General Price advised the Secretary of War 
that about 5.000 of his command had already been sworn into the Con- 
federate service and that he felt assured that the bulk of the remainder 
would follow their example when it became known that he had been 
appointed a major-general in the service of the Confederate States. 
His letter to the Secretary is as follows: 

Headquarters Missouri State Guard, 
Oimp Van Buren, Arkansas, March 19, 1862. 
Hon. J. P. Benj \min, 

Secretary of War, Richmond, Va. 
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your valued communication 
of the 5th ultimo. It would have met with earlier attention but that circumstances 
surrounding me since its reception, ere this well known to you, have forced the 
delay. 

In accordance with your request I herewith give the names of officers in the State 
Guard competent to command brigades; they are named in order of their merit, as 
estimated Ijy me: 

1. Col. Henry Little, commanding brigade, reported. 



VOLUNTEERS. ^^' 



2 Brig. Gen. Martin E. Green, comnmndmg Second Division. 

3 Br5 Gen. A. E. Steen, commanding Fifth Division. 

4' BriS" Gen M. M. Parsons, commanding feixth iMvision. 

=s' BriS" Gen D. .M. Frost, commanding Seventh Division 

'i .^"^,- ,;" Vvn inn, Y Slick and Edwin W. Price I prefer not to classify. The 

Brig. Gens. ^\ i"'f "^J -^^^j'^ >• f.'u^ ^ng^^^ of the 7th and 8th instant; the sec- 

my appointment has been made. ^ ^ * 

* I have the*honor, sir, to remain, most respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Steklinc^ Price, 
Major- General, Commanding Missouri State Guard. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. VIII, p. 792.] 

\ few days later, on the 8th of April, 1862, General Price relin- 
quthed the commaMl of the Missouri State Guard, and in a genei-al 
order! quoted in the last chapter, appealed to such of his men as had 
not alriidy enlisted in the Confederate service to follow him into that 

'^Gerreral Price was now a major-general in the Confederate Army, 
in command of a division of the Army of the West, under the com- 
mand of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn, whom he accompanied, with his 
Missouri troops, to the east of the Mississippi River. ,, y^. - • - 

' Oil the 23d^of^ August General Price, then commanding he Disnc 
of the Tennessee, under instructions from the Secretai> of Wax 
which have not been discovered, authorized and directed L^e^it Col 
Waldo P. Johnson, Fourth Missouri Infantry, to proceed west of the 
Mi^S^iippi River to meet and organize Missouri troops for the Con- 
federate service. In the execution of these instructions ^Jolonel John- 
sm™ to be subject to the orders of Major-General Holmes, com- 
manding the Trani-Mississippi Department. The text of his instruc- 
tions here follows: 

Headquarters District of the Tennessee, 

Tupelo, August 23, 1862. 

Lieut. Col. Waldo P. Johnson, 

Fourth Missouri Infantry. 
Colonel- You are in compliance with the accompanying copy of instructions, 
sent to meunder date of the 12th instant bv the Secretary of War, authorized and 
Te^l^dTo^l'eedtrthwith beyond the Mi 

such AIis«ouri troops as have entered, or may volunteer to enter, ttie ^onieaeraie 
Srvice You wiU to this end establish as rapidly as possible one or more camps of 
fendezvousTt such points as you;-y find to be most^onj^^^^^^^^ orde^ n o 

tViPm all ATis'iouri troops, in whatever part ot that t^tate tne> may ue. /^""^^ "" 

n^Pnt^ in strict conformitv to the instructions given in the letter irom tne j^ecre 
Sn of War and orwa^ muster rolls, with a list of the acting held and staH 

officers, to me together with such remarks as may be necessary to advise me fully 



308 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

as to your manner of executing thes^e instructions. It may be expedient for you to 
authorize individuals to enlist and muster in troops before they reach the camps of 
rendezvous. This power must l)e exercised by you with the greatest caution, and 
the men must be ordered into camji without any delay whatever. You will trans- 
mit a copy of these instructions to the major-general connnanding the Trans-Mis- 
sissippi Department, and report to him from time to time your action under them, 
and you are particularly directed to obey promptly and strictly all his orders and 
instructions, through whomsoever they may be communicated to you. In confer- 
ring upon you these important powers I manifest the great confidence which I repose 
in your patriotism, prudence, and sound common sense— qualities which are essen- 
tial to the proper discharge of the grave duties which have been devolved upon you. 
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Stekling Price, 
Major- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 824.] 

Transmitting- a copy of these instructions to the Secretary of War, 
General Price sug-gested the propriety of authorizing certain citizens 
named b}^ him to raise troops within the State of Missouri for the 
Confederate seryice. His letter to the Secretar}^ is here quoted: 

Headquarteks District of the Tennessee, 

Tupelo, Augtisi 23, 1862. 
Hon. George W. Randolph, Secretary of M^ar. 

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 
12th instant, and to say that I have in accordance therewith authorized Lieut. Col. 
Waldo P. Johnson, of the Fourth Missouri Infantry, to proceed beyond the Missis- 
sippi for the purpose of meeting and organizing the Missouri troops. A copy of my 
instructions to him are herewith transmitted to you. I am in doubt whether your 
letter empowers me, or whether, indeed, the rules of the department permit you to 
empower me to confer authority upon anyone to raise troops in INIissouri. The dis- 
tance of that State from the seat of government, however, and the consequent diffi- 
culty of communicating with the Department of War, and the peculiar condition of 
the State itself, all require that rules different from those that govern in the other 
States of the Confederacy should prevail there. I therefore resi^ectfully suggest to 
you the propriety of authorizing certain citizens of that State to raise troops within 
it for the Confederate service, which troops, when raised, will be reported to Colonel 
Johnson or some other Confederate officer. I beg leave to mention to you in this 
connection the names of the following gentlemen who might be safely intrusted with 
that authority. The Senators and Rei)resentatives from Missouri can advise you more 
particularly as to the fitness of these gentlemen, and they will be able to suggest to 
you other names which do not now occur to me: James H. McBride, of Texas County; 
Edwin W. Price, of Chariton; John B. Clark, jr., of Howard; John Q. Burbridge, of 
Pike; Edward B. Hull, of Pike; Leonidas [C] Campbell, of Greene; Joseph C. Por- 
ter, of Lewis; John T. Hughes, of Clinton; Thomas McCarty, of Clay; J. J. Clark- 
son, of Lawrence; Robert W. Crawford, of Dade; Charles B. Alexander, of Pettis; 
Caleb Dorsey, of Pike; D. Herndon Lindsay, of Sahne; John H. Halley, of Putnam; 
Richard H. Musser, of Chariton; Ebenezer Magoffin, of Pettis; R. A. Boughan, of 
Vernon; Benjamin F. Walker, of Cedar; Francis J. Smith, of Jefferson; W. L. Jef- 
fers, of Cape Girardeau; William H. Matthews, of Washington; [W. C] Quantrill, 
of Jackson; John T. Coffee, of Dade; Alonzo W. Slay back, of Buchanan; Louis A. 

Welton, of Saint Louis; David C. Woods, of Saint Louis; Bruce, of Monroe; 

Fritz McCulloch, of Shelby. I have directed Mr. Edward T. Fristoe to accompany 
Colonel Johnson as acting assistant adjutant-general to aid in the organization of the 
troops. He is a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, and was at the break- 
ing out of the war professor of mathematics in the University of Missouri. He has 
been with the army for some time, and is a gentleman of high character, ability, 
and experience, and I hope that the President may be pleased to confer upon him 
an appointment with appropriate rank. 

I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, your obedient servant, 

Sterlincj Price, 
Major- General, Commanding. 
[Ibid., p. 823.] 

No record has been found of an}" action haying been taken b}- the 
War Department on General Price's reconjmendations, but Lieutenant- 



VOLUNTEERS. 309 

Colonel Johnson, whose authority was enlarged by General Holmes, 
soon dispatched agents to Missouri for the purpose of recruiting 
within the borders of the State. On the 15th of September he wrote 

to General Price: 

Little Rock, Ark., September 15, 1862. 
]Maj. Gen. Sterling Price. 

General: I arrived here about one week since, reported to Major-General Holmes, 
who confirmed a:ul enhirged my authority, modifying' it in one particular only, requir- 
ing me to report to him alone ofticially the result of my efforts at recruiting in Mis- 
souri, and requesting me at the same time to advise you of the change. Soon after I 
reached here I dispatche:! about thirty persons to different parts of Missouri for the 
purpose of enlisting and swearing into the service of the Confederate States Army all 
the able-bodied men they could meet with, to have them reported at cam]> for organi- 
zation and instruction, remaining here myself, at the request of General Holmes, for 
the purpose of having an interview with Governor Jackson, who was then expected 
daily. On yesterday the governor arrived, and after a long interview between the 
governor and general, at which I was present, the governor turned over to General 
Holmes all the State property at this place, embracing a large amount of clothing and 
other army stores, also all now in Mississippi. The governor also made an order turn- 
ing over all the State Guards now in Missouri to- the Confederate States, requiring 
them to report to me, withdrawing from all persons all power to recruit in future for 
the Missouri State Guard. I have not seen General Parsons, but arrangements are 
on foot to turn his entire command over to the Confederate States service, and I think 
it will be successful, as Governor Jackson, General Hindman, and General Parsons 
are all trying to effect it in a manner .satisfactory to the men. 

Quite a large number of troops has already been organized along the southern 
border of Missouri, and from all the information I have obtained I believe there are 
many more to be collected and organized. But unfortunately there have been feuds 
and difliculties of almost every kind among them, which have annoyed General 
Holmes very much, but I think he has adjusted most of the embarrassing cases, and 
I hope in future, if possible, to avoid difficulties of a like character. They have been 
such as are incident to the organization of volunteer forces everywhere. 

******* 

Waldo P. Johnson. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 880.] 

It may here be mentioned that b}^ an act of the Confederate Con- 
gress, approved September 23, 1862, provision was made for the pay- 
ment of officers and men enrolled in the Confederate service under the 
command of General Price, '"in the State of Missouri/' for the 
periods between the dates of their enrollment and the dates of their 
acceptance as Confederate troops. Following is a copy of the act: 

AN ACT to provide for the payment of certain claims against the Confederate States in the State of 

Missouri. 

The Congress of til e Confederate States of America do enact, That all officers and sol- 
diers belonging to the Confederate States service who were enrolled into said service 
under the command of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, in the State of Missouri, shall be 
allowed by the qitartermasters of the respective corps in the Confederate Army to 
which such officers and soldiers may belong, compensation according to the laws of 
the Confederate States for that period of their service between the time of such 
troops having been actually eni-oUed in the Confederate service and the time of their 
regular accejitance by the proper authorities as Confederate trooiis. 

******* 

Approved, September 23, 1862. 
[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. II, p. 91.] 

On the 2d of October, 1862, an order was issued by the War Depart- 
ment suspending the execution of the conscription act of April 16, 
1862, "and of all the amendments thereto," in the State of Missouri. 
It was also provided that, until further orders, troops from that State 
should be received into the Confederate service under the previous 



310 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

legislation of the Confederate Congress. This order, in so far as it 
related to the State of Missouri, reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 

No. 74. J Richmond, October 2, 186-2. 

1. The execution of the act approved April 16, 1862, commonly called the conscrip- 
tion act, and of all the amendments thereto, is suspended, by direction of the Presi- 
dent, in the States of * * * and Missouri. Troops from those States will, until 
further orders, be received into the Confederate service under the acts passed by 
the Confederate Congress prior to the passage of the act above referred to, the 
execution of which is hereby suspended. 

******* 

By order: 

S. Cooper, Adjutant and Inspector General. 
[Ibid., p. 106.] 

That the effect of the foregoing* order may be understood it is neces- 
sary to here quote a portion of the conscription act to which it refers: 

AN ACT to further provide for the public defense. 

In view of the exigencies of the country, and the absolute necessity of keeping in 
the service our gallant army, and of placing in the field a large additional force to 
meet the advancing columns of the enemy now invading our soil: Therefore, 

Section 1. The Congress of the Covfederate States of America do enact, That the Pres- 
ident be, and he is hereby, "authorized to call out and ])lace in the military service of 
the Confederate States, for three years, unless the war shall have been sooner ended, 
all white men who are residents of the Confederate States, between the ages of 
eighteen and thirty-five years at the time the call or calls maybe made, who are not 
legally exempted from inilitary service. All of the persons aforesaid who are now in 
the armies of the Confederacy, and whose term of service will expire before the end 
of the war, shall be continued in the service for three years from the date of their 
original enlistment, unless the war shall have been sooner ended. 

* * * * * * * 

Approved, April 16, 1862. 

[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. I, p. 1095.] 

It would appear that the suspension of the execution of the conscrip- 
tion act in the State of Missouri was not construed t)y the Confederate 
authorities as exempting the Missouri volunteers from the prolonga- 
tion of their terms of service under the provisions of the act. Their 
detention in the service after the expiration of the period for which 
they were originally enlisted, in connection with their enforced service 
east of the Mississippi River in violation of assurances given at the 
time of their enlistment, was the cause of serious disaffection in one of 
the brigades, calling forth from General Price a strong appeal to the 
patriotism and patience of its members. This appeal, in which Gen- 
eral Price referred at great length to the causes of complaint and the 
grounds upon which they were based, was published in a general order, 
dated December 14, 1862, of which the following is a copy: 

Special Orders, \ Headquarters Second Corps, Department of 

No. 82. i Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana, 

Grenada, Miss., December 14, 1862. 
I. The major-general commanding has learned with very profound regret that the 
troops of Green's brigade are greatly disaffected by reason of their Ijeing kept upon 
this side of the Mississippi River, and particularly by the detention in the service 
beyond their original term of enlistment. He has" l^een informed that there is 
danger that some of them may, under the impulse of this disaffection (which has 
been artfully intensified by designing men), do acts which will not only bring dis- 
grace upon themselves and their families Ijut upon their comrades and their State, 
and which may bring disaster and ruin upon the cause for which they have done and 



VOLUNTEERS. 311 

suffered so much. He therefore asks them to listen to a few words of counsel and 
advice. 

He admits they have much seeming cause to be discontented. They were, most of 
them, enlisted under his assurance that they would not be 1>rought away from Mis- 
souri, but would be permitted to fight there for the independence of their own State 
and for the defense or the recovery of their own homes. He believes that without 
that assurance they would have preferred to fight, as they had theretofore fought, an 
unpaid soldiery under that flag of Missouri beneath whose folds they had never suf- 
fered defeat, but under which they had won victories which will never be forgotten 
so long as valor and patriotism shall be honored among men. He gave that a.ssur- 
ance in perfect good faith, believing then, as he lielieves now, that he was authorized 
to give it. The men who had enlisted under that assurance were nevertheless imme- 
diately transferred to this side of the Mississippi River, far away from their invaded 
homes and their hapless families, and they had hardly been brought hither before 
they were impressed as it were into the service beyond the period of their original 
and voluntary enlistment. 

He admits that these facts have given them too much seeming cause to believe 
that the (xovernment has designedly entrapped them into its service, and artful men 
have, he has been told, used these facts to convince them that they have been 
wronged and outraged by it, and that they ought to resist its attempts to hold them 
in its service. 

If the major-general commanding believed this, and that the Government had 
acted thus basely, he would place himself at your head and lead you back to the 
State of your devotion and his love, and no obstacle should prevent him. But, soldiers, 
he does not believe it. The Government may have erred; it has not willfully or 
intentionally wronged you. 

The major-general commanding has never ceased to urge your transfer back to the 
Trans-Mississippi Department. He has never, since this war begun, lost sight of the 
smoke of your camps but once, and then he left you reluctantly to go to Richmond 
in order to entreat the President to send you and him back to Missouri to battle 
there for the Confederacy. He has recently forwarded other urgent entreaties to the 
same effect, and one of his staff is even now in Richmond awaiting the President's 
answer to them, and he has been informed that the President says that you shall be 
sent back to Missouri as soon as you can be spared from this place. Await his answer 
with that patient forbearance which becomes the good citizen as well as the brave 
soldier. 

The major-general commanding has carefully examined the laws relating to this 
subject, and he thinks that there can be no doubt that the terms of enlistment of all 
the Missouri troops in this corps between the ages of eighteen and forty years have 
been extended by the provisions of those acts to three years from their date of enlist- 
ment in the Confederate service if the war shall last so long. 

The law of April 16 says in so many words that "all the persons afore.said (that is 
to say, all white men who are residents of the Confederate States between the ages 
of eighteen and thirty-five years) who are now in the armies of the Confederacy, and 
whose term of service will expire before the end of the war, shall be continued in 
the service for three years from the date of their original enlistment, unless the war 
shall have been sooner ended," and no subsequent act, in his opinion, changes that 
provision except to extend the age to forty years. 

This may, and doubtless does, seem hard to you, but it is a hardship which bears 
upon the citizens of every State alike, and surely you, who have shown yourselves 
to be so brave and patriotic, will not claim exemption from a law which has been 
manfully submitted to bj^ the citizens of every State in the Confederacy. 

Soldiers of Missouri I be patient ; be as you have heretofore been, long-suffering and 
obedient. Remember what you owe, not only to yourselves and to your families, 
but to the memory of the brave comrades who have already fallen in this death 
struggle. Remember that they have died that you may be free. 

You have by your exalted patriotism and your glorious services not only won for 
yourselves the respect of the world and the love of the Southern people, Vjut you 
have made the name of Missouri honored wherever the history of your deeds has 
been told. Throw not away by an act of cowardly desertion all that you have so 
hardh^ and so gloriously won, and bring not disgrace upon the name which you have 
made so honored just at the day and perhaps at the hour when you may be reaching 
the wished-for goal of all your struggles and all your hopes. 

Remembei' that you are the inheritors and should be the defenders of the honors 
and glories which cluster about the old State Guard. Hold the old banner still 
aloft and trail it not home in disgrace. 

No past services, however glorious, can save from dishonor him who meanly 



312 MISSOURI TROOPS— CONFEDERATE. 

deserts his country and his comrades in the hour of danger nor shield his wife and 
children from the shame and ignominy which chng ever after to the deserter's 
family. But if there be among j-ou one cowardly enough to desert let him consider 
the difficulties which obstruct his path and remember the fate which awaits him. 
From that fate the major-general commanding can not save him if he would. 

Be then patient for awhile. Every effort is being made to accomplish your 
wishes and to take you back to your homes. Thwart not those efforts by mutinous 
behavior or dastardly desertion. 

The major-general commanding claims the right to speak to you plainly. He has 
never deceived you. He has never hesitated to share your every discomfort and 
your every danger. He might at any time have gone back to Missouri to command 
a new army had he been willing to part from you. He might go there to-morrow if he 
would consent to leave you ; but he will never abandon the brave soldiers and long- 
suffering men whom he has led from the l)eginning, who have always followed him 
so nobly, and who have won for him all the honor and glory which a partial people 
has lavished upon him. He asks that you will continue to stand by him as he has 
stood by you and as he will stand by you to the end. 

By order of Major-General Price : 

Thos. L. Snead, 
Assistant A djutant- General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 794.] 

As reg-ai'cls the recruiting service west of the Mississippi, Maj. 
Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes, commanding the Trans-Mississippi 
Department, wrote November 15, 1862, that he had in his army about 
6,000 Missouri recruits that he had caused to be organized into regi- 
ments and mustered into the Confederate service for three j^ears or 
the war. The entire recruiting service, he said, had been placed in 
the hands of Col. Waldo P. Johnson. Following is an extract of his 
report : 

Headquarters Trans-Mississippi Department, 

Little Rock, Ark., November 15, 1862. 

Hon. Secretary of War: 

******* 

There are in this army about 6,000 Missouri recruits. They are in the service in 
all sorts of ways, having been raised, some under the Missouri authorities, some 
under the Confederate authorities, and some under no authority at all, except that 
of the officers raising them. I have had them all organized into regiments and regu- 
larly mustered into the service for three years or the war. The entire recruiting 
service I have placed under Col. W. P. Johnson, who was sent here for that purpose 
by General Price, acting under your authority. 

******* 

I am, sir, very respectively, your obedient servant, 

Th. H. Holmes, Major-General. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 918.] 

Writing on the same subject, June 29, 1863, Maj. Gen, T. C. Hind- 
man referred to the difficulties encountered in procuring recruits and 
the measure of success obtained under the discouraging circumstances 
under which the service was conducted, there being then twelve tine 
regiments and three batteries of Missouri troops serving in the Trans- 
Mississippi Department. He said: 

Richmond, Va., June 29, 1863. 
Gen. S. Cooper, 

Adjutant and Inspector General. 
General: As a report supplementary to the one made by me on the 19th instant, 
I beg to mention here the officers to whom I am most indebted for assistance in the 
labor performed while commanding the Trans-Mississippi District. 

In the enrollment and organization of troops from Missouri Brigadier-Generals 
Parsons and IMcBride, Colonels Clark, Payne, Jackman, Thompson, Porter, Mac- 
Donald, and Shelby, Lieutenant-Colonels Caldwell, Lewis, and Johnson, Majors 



VOLUNTEERS. 313 

Murray, Musser, and Pindall, and Captains Standish, Buchanan, Cravens, Peery, 
Quantrill, and Harrison were esperially zealous and useful. In estimating the value 
of their labors and of the many other devoted men who assisted them, it is to be con- 
sidered that, in order to bring out recruits from their State, it was necessary to go 
within the enemy's lines, taking the risks of detection and punishment as spies, 
secretly collecting the men in squads and companies, arming, equipping, and sub- 
sisting them by stealth, and then moving them rapidly southward through a country 
swarming with Federal soldiers and an organized militia, and whose population 
could only give assistance at the hazard of confiscation of property and even death 
itself. That they succeeded at all under such circumstances is attrilnitable to a cour- 
age and fidelity unsurpassed in the history of the war. That they did succeed 
beyond all expectation is shown by the twelve fine regiments and three batteries of 
Missouri troops now serving in the Trans-Mississippi Department. 

* * * * * * * 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. C. HiNDMAN, Major- General. 
[Ibid., p. 45.] 

Besides the general authority before given to ('ol. Waldo P. John- 
son as recrtiiting agent for the State of Missouri, it appears that spe- 
cial authority was given him by Lieut. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, then 
commanding the Trans-Mississippi Department, to go into the State 
of Missouri and there enlist, for twelve months, volunteer companies 
for the Confederate service. No record of this special authority has 
been found, but, based thereon, authority was given Colonel Johnson 
by Governor Reynolds to impress, in the name of the State and on 
its credit, such supplies as he might deem necessary in the prosecu- 
tion of his work. A copy of the governor's order on this subject 
dated June 27, 1863, with other orders thereto attached, was captured 
by the Federal troops and is here reproduced: 

Military Special Orders, \ Executive Department, State of Missouri, 

No. 12. ) Little Rock, Ark., Juried?, 1863. 

I. Col. Waldo P. Johnson, of the Provisional Army of the Confederate States of 
America, having been authorized by Lieutenant-General Smith, commanding the 
Trans-Mis.sissippi Department, to go into the State of Missouri and there enlist, for 
twelve months, volunteer companies for the service of the Confederate States, author- 
ity is hereby granted to Col. Waldo P. Johnson, by himself, or his agent therefor by 
him appointed in writing, to impress, in the, name of the State of Missouri and on 
its credit, all supplies which he may deem necessary or useful in his recruiting 
service. 

II. Whenever supplies are impressed under this order a written certificate shall 
be given to the person from whom the same are impressed, setting forth the quan- 
tity, description, and market value thereof, the person from whom and the place at 
which they are taken, that the same are impressed under this order, and that com- 
pensation will hereafter l)e made therefor on satisfactory evidence of the loyalty of 
the owner thereof to the State of Missouri and the Confederate States of America 
during the present war. 

III. A full and accurate account shall be rendered to the quartermaster-general of 
the State of Missouri of all property impressed under this order, specifying as far as 
possible the supplies used l^efore and those used after the muster into the Confeder- 
ate service of the company to which the recruits receiving such supplies may belong. 

IV. Every appointment by Col. Waldo P. Johnson of an agent under this order 
shall be accompanied by a copy of this order, certified by Col. Waldo P. Johnson, 
and no such agent shall have any authority to appoint anysubagent unless expressly 
thereto authorized in writing by Col. Waldo P. Johnson. 

Thos. C. Reynolds, 
Governor of Missouri and Commander in Chief Missotiri State Guards. 

A true copy: 

Waldo P. Johnson, 
Lieutenant- Colonel Fourth Missouri Infantry. 



314 MISSOUKI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

JuxE 27, 1863. 
Having authorized Col. Edward B. Hull to recruit in the State of Missouri, he is 
hereby authorized to exercise the following powers granted in the foregoing order 
of Thomas C. Reynolds, governor of the State of Missouri, to wit: 

When he recruits troops for the Confederate service he is authorized to impress pro- 
visions for his men and forage for their teams, and also the necessary transportation, 
keeping an accurate account of the amount taken and the disposition made of the same, 
being careful in all proceedings to conform strictly with the provisions of said order. 

Waldo P. Johnson, 
Lieutenant- Colonel Fourth Missouri Infantry. 
Colonel Hull is authorized to empower as many as six persons to impress supplies 
in compliance with the foregoing order. 

Waldo P. Johnson, 
Lieutenant- Colonel Fourth Missouri Infantry. 
Captain Chambers is authorized to exercise the powers granted in the foregoing 
order for all troops raised under my orders. 

E. B. Hull, 
Colonel on Recruiting Service. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XXXIV, Part I, p. 645.] 

As a part of the record it may be here stated that on August 8, 1863, 
Lieutenant-General Smith, commanding- the Trans-Mississippi Depart- 
ment, requested Governor Re\"nolds to furnish from his State a bri- 
gade of cavalry (Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 
Series IV, Vol. II, p. 702), but no record has been found of the action 
taken on this request. 

On the 12th of September, 1S63, Brig. Gen. F. M. Cockrell, of the 
First Missouri Brigade, then commanding the division of Missouri 
troops east of the Mississippi River, in parole camp at Demopolis, 
Ala., addressed the War Department relative to the condition of the 
division, its reduction by losses in battle, and the impossibility of 
obtaining recruits from the west side of the river. In view of exist- 
ing conditions he requested that Missourians belonging to the Trans- 
Mississippi Department, captured by the Federal troops and returned 
to the Confederate lines east of the river, be attached permanently to 
the regiments and batteries of the division under his command. Fol- 
lowing is a copy of his letter: 

Demopolls, Ala., September 13, 1863. 
Gen. S. Cooper, 

Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, Va. 

General: I most respectfully and earnestly apply through you to the Secretary of 
War to have all the Missourians belonging to the Trans-Mississippi Department who 
have been and may hereafter be captured and sent into our lines by way of City 
Point and Richmond, Va., ordered into and attached permanently to the Missouri 
regiments and batteries of this division, now east of the Mississippi River. There are 
six infantry regiments and two cavalry regiments and five batteries in this division. 
The six infantry regiments and three batteries compose the Fii'st Brigade, Missouri 
Volunteers, to command which I am assigned, by order of the Secretary of War, in 
my appointment as brigadier-general. This First Brigade lost in the series of battles 
preceding and during the siege of Vicksburg, in killed, wounded, and missing, 1,389 
men — about one-half of its strength. These regiments and batteries are gi-eatly 
reduced. The First and Fourth Infantry regiments were consolidated last fall by 
mutual consent of the officers, the ten companies of each regiment being consolidated 
into five companies, making one consolidated regiment of ten companies. The First 
Regiment of Missouri C'avalry and Third Battalion of Missouri Cavalry, both now 
dismounted and having served as infantry since April, 1862, and two batteries, now 
compose the Second Brigade, lately commanded by Brig. Gen. M. E. Green, who 
was killed at Vicksburg, the Arkansas troops of this brigade, five or six regiments in 
number, having crossed the Mississippi River after the capitulation of Vicksburg. 
This brigade is now commanded by Col. Elijah Gates, of the First Missouri Cavalry, 
and is likewise greatly reduced. Both brigades were captured at Vicksburg and are 



VOLUNTEEES. 315 

now in paroled camp at Demopolis, Ala. If this division of ]\Iissouri troops is to be 
kept in the service east of the ^Mississippi River there are many cogent reasons and 
arguments in favor of my application. There is now no possible chance to get 
recruits from the west side of the river. The Missourians belonging to the Trans- 
Mississippi Department who have been captured and passed into our lines by the 
Federals, and are now at Camp Lee, Virginia, and Demopolis, Ala., and other points, 
can not now cross the Mississippi River in any organization, and if they go at all 
must go in small squads or separately, and in whatever way they may go running 
risks of being captured; and if effort is made to retain them east of the ^Mississippi 
River in any temporary organizations and not connected with troops from their own 
State, they will naturally become disaffected, considering such only temporary, and 
will scatter and attempt to cross west of the river. 

The regiments and batteries of this division are so greatly reduced and so much 
decimated that a few more engagements will almost annihilate them and at least 
compel many consolidations; and consolidations of old organizations are manifestly 
injurious to the best interests of the service; and if such organizations can lie pos- 
sibly tilled and kept distinct by recruits or troops from even new organizations; for 
soldiers connected with old organizations, which have passed through the ordeal of 
so many well-embattled fields, are inspired with a morale and a love of glory and 
regimental honor which will naturally nerve their hearts and strengthen their arms 
and lead them to deeds of daring and even desperation amid any danger. The Trans- 
Mississippi Missourians, if ordered into our commands, will probably be of more 
real value to our cause than they would l)e elsewhere, and if permanently attached 
to our organizations under our officers and mustered and paid with our troojis they 
will become better satisfied than they otherwise M'ould be, and will very soon become 
thoroughly identified with the organizations to which they are attached. The First 
and Fourth regiments of ^Missouri Infantry will prol)ably be separated by the desire 
and agreement of the officers, and if thei'e are any companies at Camp Lee or else- 
where belonging to the Trans-Mississippi Department, and already organized and 
officered, such company or companies can be ordered into these regiments and still 
maintain their company organizations and retain their officers. I do not desire any 
commissioned officers to be ordered here except such as belong to organized com- 
mands, and are ordered here with their commands, and all troops ordered here 
should be distinctly informed that it is permanent until otherwise ordered by the 
Secretary of War. The gallantry of the troops of this division, shown wherever and 
whenever they have encountered their oft-met and hated foes, the despoilers of their 
homes and oppressors of their families and friends, and their patriotism and devo- 
tion, as shown so conspicuously at and since the capitulation of Vicksburg, and their 
ardent desire to keep their present organizations distinct and separate, and to have 
their thinned ranks filletl, that they may continue to represent in force, in the gal- 
lant army of our loved and young Confederacy, their loved and native Missouri — 
their home now groaning under an unparalleled desiJOtism — and my own convictions 
as to the very best interests of the service impel me to appeal most earnestly to you 
for the immediate consummation of this application. 

Trusting that this application may be cordially approved and receive earliest prac- 
ticable attention, and that the trans-Mississippi Missourians now at Camp Lee and 
Demopolis, Ala., or elsewhere, as well as those who may hereafter arrive, may be 
ordered to and permanently attached to this command, 
I am, genei'al, your obedient servant, 

F. M. COCKRELL, 

Brigadier-General , First Missouri Bngade, 
And noiu commanding Boicen^s Old Division, Missouri Troops. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LII, Part II, p. 524.] 

This letter was approved and forwarded b}^ Lieutenant-General 
Hardee, and was indorsed bj^ the Secretary of War as follows: 

October 14, 1863. 
Ad.tutant-Cteneral: 

I am anxious to recruit this veteran brigade, and, if practicable, to maintain its 
honored organizations. Such orders as is desired may be granted if there be any 
Missourians at Camp Lee or arriving with exchanged prisoners to whom it would 
apply, but if such men belong to other organizations they must be temporarily 
assigned, unless with their own consent they are transferred. If assigned, let it be 
till further orders. 

J. A. S. [Seddon.] 

[Ibid., p. 526.] 



316 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Pursuant to the instructions of the Secretary, an order was issued 
from the office of the Adjutant and Inspector General directing- that 
""all Missouri soldiers not engaged in actual service east of the Mis- 
sissippi River," (i. e., those east of the Mississippi River not engaged 
in actual service) be attached to General Cockrell's (First Missouri) 
brigade; those belonging to military organizations west of the Mis- 
sissippi to be temporarily and all others permanentl}^ so attached. 
The chief of the conscription bureau was also directed to assign to 
the same brigade all Missourians east of the Mississippi liable to con- 
scription. The order on this subject reads as follows: 

Special Orders, \ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 

No. 247. / Bichmond, October 17, 1863. 

******* 

_IX. All Missouri soldiers not engaged in actual service east of the Mississippi River 
will report to the commanding general of the First Missouri Brigade at Demopo- 
lis, Ala. 

The men belonging to military organizations west of the Mississippi River will be 
temporarily attached to the above-mentioned brigade. The remainder will be per- 
manently attached. 

The chief of the conscription bureau will order all Missourians east side of the 
Mississipiji liable to conscription to the same brigade. 

******* 

By command of the Secretary of War: 

Jno. Withers, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XXXII, Part III, p. 673.] 

On the 29th of February, 1864, Lieutenant-General Polk, then com- 
manding at Demopolis, directed that all unattached men in his depart- 
ment belonging to regiments in the Trans-Mississippi Department be 
formed into a trans-Mississippi battalion. His order was published in 
a circular of which the following is a copy: 

Circular.] Headquarters, Demoj^oUs, February iS 9, 1864. 

All unattached men in this department lielonging to the regiments in the Trans- 
Mississippi Department are ordered to report to Lieut. Col. H. C. Davis, Cahaba, 
Ala., for the purpose of being organized into a trans-Mississippi battalion. 

By command of Lieutenant-General Polk: 

Thos. M. Jack, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

[Ibid.] 

This circular being in conflict with War Department Special Orders, 
No. 247, quoted above, Lieut. Col. R. S. Bevier, a recruiting officer for 
General CockrelFs brigade, addressed the Secretary of War as follow^s: 

• Richmond, Ya., March 34, 1864. 

Hon. J. A. Seddon, Secretary of War. 

Sir: I a^jpend herewith an order or circular issued by Lieut. Gen. L. Polk, which 
conflicts with Special Orders, No. 247, of October 17, 186.S, issued by yourself in regard 
to Missourians, and attaching all east of the Mississippi River and not in active 
service at that time to the First Missouri Brigade, General Cockrell. Fearing this 
circular of Lieutenant-General Polk might produce a conflict of interests, and be con- 
sidered to attach to Missourians who come through by the exchange and are sent on 
to Cockrell's brigade by me to be temporarily attached, although belonging to organ- 
izations in the Trans-Mississippi Department, I therefore respectfully ask that General 
Polk's circular, as far as it applies to Missourians, may be suspended, as conflicting 
with the said Special Orders, No. 247. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

R. S. Bevier, 
Lieutenant- Colonel and Recruiting Ojficer, CochrelVs Missouri Brigade. 
[Ibid., p. 672.] 



VOLUNTEEES. 317 

Upon thi.s representation of the case General Polk was requested to 
so modify bis order that it would not eonliict with the previous order 
of the War Department respeetino- the assignment of Missouri soldiers 
to General Cockreirs brigade. The action of the War Department, as 
indorsed on Colonel Bevier's letter, was as follows: 

March 28, 1864. 
Ad.iutant-General: 

Call General Polk's attention to the order respecting Missourians to be attached 
temporarily to General Cockrell's brigade, and request that his order l^e so modified 
as not to conflict with it. 

J. A. S. [Seddon.] 

Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 

March 28, 1864. 
Respectfully referred to Lieutenant-General Polk, with attention invited to the 
indorsement of the Secretary of War, and to Special Orders, No. 247, last series, from 
this office, a copy of which is inclosed. 

By order of Adjutant and Inspector General. 

H. L. Clay, Assistant Adjutant-General . 
[Ibid., pp. 672, 673.] 

No record has been found of the action, if an}", taken by General 
Polk on the order of the Secretary of War. 

During- the summer and autumn of 1864, an invasion of the State of 
Missouri by General Price being in contemplation, special attention was 
given to the subject of recruiting the Missouri forces in the Trans- 
Mississippi Department. On this subject General Price said in a letter 
to Governor lie3niolds, June 29, 186-4: 

I believe, as General Rains suggests, that we should send good recruiting officers 
in advance of the army, supported by a cavalry force to enable him [them] to organize 
their recruits, and they should be joined by the army before the enemy would have 
time to concentrate a force to overwhelm them. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 999.] 

In the same letter (Official Records of the Union and Confederate 
Armies, Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 1000) General Price said: 

He [Col. Sam. Woodson, an ex-member of Congress] says there are 20,000 men in 
St. Louis alone now armed and waiting to join me. 

On the 3d of October, Col. W^ R. Gause. Third Missouri Infantry, 
was ordered by the Secretary of War to report to General Price in 
Missouri for the purpose of raising troops in that State, or for such 
other assignment as General Price should direct. Following is a copy 
of the Secretar^-'s order: 

Special Orders, \ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 

No. 237. i Richmond, October 6, 1864. 

******* 

X. Col. W. R. Gause, Third Missouri Infantry, will proceed with least practicable 
delay to the State of Missouri and report to ]\laj. Gen. S. Price for the purpose of 
raising troops in that State, or such other assignment as may be directed by General 
Price. 

******* 

By command of the Secretary of War: 

John Withers, 
A ss istant A dju tan t- General 
[Ibid., Series IV, Vol. Ill, p. 71.3.] 



318 MISSOURI TROOPS— CONFEDERATE. 

Of the results of General Price's campaign, in so far as they related 
to the number of recruits obtained and the proposed distribution of 
them, Maj. Gen. M. M. Parsons wrote, November 16, 1864:: 

Headquarters Parsons' Division, 

Camden, Ark., November 16, 1864- 
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, 

Commandwg Missouri Expedh'ion. 
General: Allow me to congratulate yon on your successful campaign in Missouri. 
Though you were unable to hold the State, the injury you inflicted on the enemy and 
the large number of recruits brought out by you exceeded my most sanguine calcu- 
lations. 

* * * * * * * 

As you stated to me your purpose before leaving for Missouri was, if you succeeded 
in recruiting sutficiently, to till my old regiments to their maximum, a new regiment 
should be added to my division in order to equalize the brigades. I have now five 
regiments, one battalion sharpshooters, and two batteries. To fill all to the maxi- 
mum and form the new regiment would take 5,900 men. I, by your direction, stated 
to my ofticers on my return from my last visit to you your intentions on this sub- 
ject. It was highly satisfactory. They and the men were all content. Only two 
desertions since you left. After giving the complement of men 1 ask, I should like 
very much to see another infantry division organized of Missourians, then take mine 
and that and make a corps for you. You would have a command of infantry about 
20,000 strong, which, drilled and equipped, would be the finest corps in the service. 
******* 

With great respect and esteem, your friend, truly, 

31. yi. Parsons, Major- General. 
[Ihid., Series I, Vol. XLI, Part IV, p. 1054.1 

On this subject General Price said, in his report dated December 28, 
1864, of his expedition into Missouri: 

I brought with me at least 5,000 new recruits, and they are still arriving in large 
numbers daily within our lines, who bring the cheering intelligence that there are 
more on their way to the army. After I passed the German settlements in Missouri 
my march was an ovation. The people thronged around us and welcomed us with 
open hearts and hands. Recruits flocked to our flag in such numbers as to threaten 
to become a burden instead of a Ijenefit, as they were mostly unarmed. In some 
counties the question was not who should go to the army, but who should stay at 
home. I am satisfied that could I have remained in ]\Iissouri this winter the army 
would have been increased 50,000 men. 

[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XLI, Part I, p. 640.] 

Like the Missouri State Guard, the Missouri volunteers in the Con- 
federate service achieved for themselves an enviable reputation for 
gallantry in the held, and such prestige as may have been lost to the 
Missouri troops by the temporary disaft'ection among the members of 
one brigade at the expiration of their original term of enlistment 
appears to have been regained by the pledges sul^sequently given by 
certain I'egiments of service '■'' for fort}' years," if necessary to the suc- 
cess of the cause in which the}- were engaged. In acknowledgment 
of these '•'pledges of fidelity to the cause of Southern independence" 
the Confederate Congress voted a resolution of thanks, of which the 
following is a copy: 

JOINT RESOLUTION of thanks to Missouri officers and soldiers in the Confederate service east of 

the Mississippi River. 

Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of America, That the thanks of Con- 
gress are eminently due, and are hereby tendered, to Brig. Gen. F. M. Cockr'ell, and 
the ofticers and soldiers composing the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth 
regiments of Missouri Infantry, First, Second, and Third regiments of Missouri Cav- 
alry, the batteries of Bledsoe, Landis, Guibor, Walsh, Dawson, and Barret, and 
Woodson's detached company, all in the service of the Confederacy, edst of the Mis- 



VOLUNTEERS. 319 

sissippi River, for the prompt renewal of their pledges of fidelity to the cause of 
Southern independence for forty years, unless independence and peace, without cur- 
tailment of boundaries, shall be sooner secured. 
Approved, May 23, 1864. 
^Ihkl., Series I, Vol. XXXVIII, Part III, p. 1008.] 

In the absence of the official returns and many of the muster rolls it 
is impossible to determin^ the number of Missouri volunteers in the / 
Confederate service, bu^fter the consolidation of incomplete organi- / / 
zations there were, as nearly as can be ascertained, sixteen regiments '^ 
and twelve battalions of cavalry, fourteen regiments and two bat- 
talions of infantry, and twenty-one companies of artillery, which, at 
the minimum strength, according to the Confederate plan of organiza- ^ 
tion, would aggregate about 31,000 men -of all arms. .^^ 

In estimating the number of volunteer troops furnished by Missouri 
to the Confederate States during the civil war it should, however, be 
considered that many of the regiments were probably above the mini- 
mimi strength, and that large numbers of recruits were received to 
supply the losses in battle, and from other casualties of the service. 



LOCAL DEFENSE. 



In the act of the general assembly of the State of Missouri, approved 
Ma}^ 1-i, 1861, quoted in this paper under the title of "Missouri State 
Guard," division inspectors were authorized to organize companies of 
Home Guards, to be composed of persons not within the age limits 
required for membership of the regiments of the State Guard organ- 
ized for general service. 

Provision was also made by the Confederate Government for the 
organization of corps for local defense. By an act of Congress 
approved August 21, 1861, the President was authorized to accept 
volunteers "for the defense of exposed places or localities,'' or for 
such special service as he might deem expedient, such troops to be 
mustered into the service of the Confederate States and to be subsisted 
and paid for such time as they should be employed under the orders 
of the President. Following is a copy of the act: 

AN ACT to provide for local defense and special service. 

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the President he, and 
lie is hereby, authorized to accept the services of volunteers of such kind and in such 
proportion as he may deem expedient, to serve for such time as he may prescribe, 
for the defense of exposed places or localities, or such special service as he may deem 
expedient. 

Sec. 2. And such forces shall be mustered into the service of the Confederate 
States, for the local defense or special service aforesaid, the muster roll setting forth 
distinctly the services to be performed; and the said volunteers shall not be consid- 
ered in actual service until thereunto specially ordered by the President. And they 
shall be entitled to pay or subsistence only for such time as they may be on duty 
under the orders of the President or by his direction. 

Sec. 3. Such volunteer forces, when so accepted and ordered into service, shall be 
organized in accordance with and subject to all the provisions of the act entitled 
"An act to provide for the iiublic defense," approved March sixth, one thousand 
eight hundred and sixty-one, and may be attached to such divisions, brigades, regi- 
ments, or battalions as the President may direct, and when not organized into bat- 
talions or regiments before being mustered into service the President shall appoint 
the field officers of the l)attalions and regiments when organized as such by him. 

Approved, August 21, 1861. 

[Official Records of the I'nion and Confederate Armies, Series IV, Vol. I, p. 579.] 

By an act approved April 21, 1862, the President was authorized to 
organize "bands of partisan rangers" for a more permanent service, 
to be received into the service of the Confederate States and to receive 
the same pay, rations, and quarters, and be subject to the same regu- 
lations as other troops. This enactment reads as follows: 

AN ACT to organize bands of partisan rangers. 

Section 1. TJie Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact. That the Presi- 
dent be, and he is hereby, autiiorized to commission such officers as he may deem 
proper with authority to form bands of partisan rangers, in companies, liattalions 
;320 



LOCAL DEFENSE, 321 

•egiments, either as infantry or cavalry, the companies, ])attahons, or regiments 

)e composed each of such numljers as the President may approve. 

EC. 2. Be it further eaaded, Tiiat such partisan rangers, after being regularly 

Hved into service, shall be entitled to the same pay, rations, and quarters during 

ir term of service, and be sul:>ject to the same regulations, as other soldiers. 

Kc. 3. Be it further enacted, That for any arms and munitions of war captured 

n the enemy h\ any body of partisan rangers and delivered to any quartermaster 

uch place or places as may be designated by a commanding general, the rangers 

II be paid their full value in such manner as the Secretary of War may prescribe. 

pproved, April 21, 1862. 

[bid., p. 1094.] 

11 :i later act, approved Oetoliei- 13, 1862, provision was made for 

formation of squads or companies for local defense, in any part of 

Confederacy, by the voluntary association together of individuals 

ver the age of forty -live j^ears, or otherwise not liable to military 

y," who should elect their own officers and be governed by rules 

I regulations to be established b}' themselves, and be considered as 
onging to the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, serving 
hout pav or allowances, and entitled, when captured, to all the 
vileges of prisoners of war. This act contained the proviso that in 

States and districts in which the act of April 16, 1862 (the cou- 
iption act), was suspended, persons of any age, resident therein, 
j"ht volunteer and form parts of such squads or companies so long 
bhe suspension of the operation of the conscription act should con- 
Lie, the only condition being that the persons so volunteering 
luld tirst take the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States. 
3 enactment referred to is here quoted: 

AN ACT to authorize the formation of volunteer companies for local defense. 

'he Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That for the purpose of 
,1 defense in any portion of the Confederate States, any number of persons not 

than twenty, who are over the age of forty-tive years, or otherwise not liable to 
itary duty, may associate themselves as a military company, elect their own offi- 
I, and establish rules and regulations for their own government, and shall be con- 
Ted as belonging to the Provisional Army of the Confederate States, serving 
lout pay or allowances, and entitled, when captured by the enemy, to all the 
'ileges of prisoners of war: Prorlded, That such compan)' shall, as soon as prac- 
ble, transmit their muster roll, or a list of the names of the officers and privates 
reof, to the governor of the State, the commanding general of the department, or 

brigadier-general in the State or Confederate service, to be forwarded to the Sec- 
ry of War; but the President or the commander of the military district may, at 

time, disband such companies: Provided, That in the States and districts in 
ch the act entitled "An act to further provide for the public defense," api^roved 
il the sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the acts amendatory 
"eof, have been suspended, persons of any age, I'esident within such States or dis- 
ts, may volunteer and form part of such companies so long as such suspension 

II continue: Provided, That no person shall become a member of said company 
il he shall have first taken the oath of allegiance to the Confederate States of 
erica in writing, a copy of which shall be tiled with the muster roll of said com- 
y as above prescribed. 

pproved, October 13, 1862.. 
Ibid., Series IV, Vol. II, p." 206.] 

n the regulations formulated b}' the Confederate War Department 
)ut February, I860, for the "organization of troops," it was 
lounced that no troops would be accepted for local service "unless 
juired by the officer commanding the district in question," and then 
y as prescribed by the act of August 21, 1861, "receiving pav, sub- 
ence, etc., only while in actual service." (Official Records of the 
ion and Confederate Armies, Series IV, Vol. I, p. 824.) 
S. Doc. 412 21 



322 MISSOUEI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Ill an order issued b}^ the War Department April 28, 1862, it was 
announced, under the head of '^Additional Corps — Guerrilhi Service," 
that applications for the formation of bands of partisan rangers under 
the act of April 21, 1862, should be made through the commanding- 
generals of the military departments in which such corps were to be 
employed (Ibid., p. 1098), and in the same order it was further 
announced that corps raised for local defense (evidently those formed 
under the act of August 21, 1861) would retain their organization dur- 
ing the terms of their enlistment unless previouslv disbanded. (Ibid., 
p. 1099.) 

The irregularities reported as having been committed by the parti - 
'san corps rendered it necessary that they l)e Ijrought under stricter 
discipline than had before been enforced, and the commanders of mili- 
tary departments were therefore directed to coml)ine them into battal- 
ions and regiments, in order that they might be brought under the 
same regulations and discipline as other troops. Such of the partisan 
corps as were serving within the enemy's lines were, however, excepted 
from the operation of the order. The order of the War Department 
on this subject, dated June 12, 1863, reads as follows: 

General Orders, \ Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 

No. 82. J Richmond, June 12, 1863. 

The second section of tjie act entitled an act to organize partisan rangers provides 
that such partisan rangers, after being regularly received into service, shall be entitled 
to the same pa}^, rations, and quarters during their term of service and be subject to the 
same regulations as other soldiers. The irregularities reported to this department 
as having been committed by such corps renders it proper that these corps shall be 
placed under stricter regulations than those heretofore adopted. The generals 
commanding the departments in which thej^ are serving are hereby authorized to 
combine them into battalions and regiments with the view to bringing them under 
the same regulations as other soldiers in reference to their discipline, position, and 
movements; and the same officers will recommend any further measures for their 
organization as an integral portion of their commands as will in their opinion pro- 
mote their efficiency and the interest of the service. The general of the department 
Avill recommend field officers for the organizations that may be made, to be submit- 
ted for the consideration of the President. Such partisan corps as are serving within 
the enemy's lines are for the present excepted from this order. 

By order: S. Cooper, 

Adjatmd and Inspector General. 

[Ibid., p. 585.] -^ ^ 

By an act of congress approved Febritary IT, 1864, the act of April 
21, 1862, authorizing the organization of partisan bands was repealed 
and measures similar to those previously adopted b}' the War Depart- 
ment were authorized for the purpose of Ijringing into a proper state 
of discipline the bands then in existence. As in the War Department 
order, however, the partisan corps serving within the enemy's lines 
were, within the discretion of the Secretary of War, excepted from the 
contemplated changes. Following is a copy of the act referred to: 

A BILL to repeal an act to organize bands of partisan rangers, approved April twenty-first, eighteen 
hundred and sixty-two, and for other purposes. 

The congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the act of congress 
aforesaid be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That organizations of 
partisan rangers acting as regular cavalry at the passage of this act shall be continued 
in their present organization : Provided, They shall hereafter be considered as regular 
cavalrj' and not as partisan rangers. 

Sec. 2. That all the bands of partisan rangers organized under the said act may, 
as the interests of the service allow, be united with other organizations, or be organ- 
ized into battalions and I'egiments, with the view to bringing them under the gen- 
eral conditions of the Provisional Army as to discipline, control, and movements, 
under such regulations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. 






LOCAL DEFENSE. 323 

Sec. 3. The Secretary of War shall be authorized, if he deems proper, for a time, or 
permaueutlv, to except from the operation of this act such companies as are serving 
within the lines of the enemy, and imder such conditions as he may prescribe. 

Approved, February 17, 18G4. 

[Ibid., Series IV, vol. Ill, p. 194.] 

It can not be ascertained from an}?^ accessible records what number 
of Home Guards, if any, was org-anized under the act of the Missouri 
legislature of May 14, 1S61, or what number of ''Partisan Hangers" or 
troops for •' local defense," if any, was raised in the State of Missouri 
under the acts of the Confederate Congress quoted above, but it is 
known that a very large number of individuals not belonging to any 
regular military organizations were engaged in that State in opposi- 
tion to the military forces of the United States and the State militia 
and Home Guards serving in cooperation with the Federal troops. Of 
this the following from Confederate sources alone is sufficient evidence: 
_ On December 3, 1861, President Davis, writing to Hon. W. P. Har- 
ris, of Mississippi, said: "The contest [in Missouri] is therefore to be 
on a scale of very different proportions than that of the partisan war- 
fare witnessed during the past summer and fall." (Official Records of " 
the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I. Vol. VHI, p. 7«>1.) On 
the 13th of Decemlier the Missouri delegation in congress remarked 
in a letter to General Price: '"The President is further pleased to inti- 
mate that our guerrilla fighting in Missouri must now give place co 
a different mode, that of regular, systematic warfare'' (Ibid., Series 
I, Vol. LIII, p. 762), and on June 10, 1862, Hon. Thomas A. Harris, 
a member of congress from Missouri, addressed a letter to the Secre- 
tary of War relative to the character of the contest in Missouri and 
the class of troops employed, in this letter he said: 

Richmond, June 10, 1S6£. 
Hon. George W. Randolph, 

Secretan/ of War. 
Sir: In pursuance of the understanding involved in our conversation of this morn- 
ing, I proceed to reduce to writing the inquiries then propounded, with the view of 
eliciting answers which I may be at liberty to use in furtherance of the policy adopted 
by the Government; and if in the course of propounding the inquiries I should digress 
in such a manner as to introduce a suggestion or an argument, I indulge the hope 
that yon will not attribute it to any impertinent attempt at dictation or a desire to 
introduce unsolicited advice. On the contrary, I feel assured that in the anomalous 
and unfortunate condition of the gallant people of Missouri, whom I have the honor 
m part to represent, sufficient justification may be found for any anxietv which I may 
manifest._ But to proceed to the object of my letter: The State of Missouri at this 
moment is at the mercy of the enemy. Not a single Confederate soldier treads her 
soil, and her brave sons, as far as possible, have been transferred to the east bank of 
the Mississippi_ River by the act of the Confederate (Tovernment. It is not my pur- 
pose to dwell in eulogy upon the self-.sacriticing patriotism of those brave men of 
Missouri \yho, after a protracted campaign of endurance and glory, have followed 
their heroic leader through the fatiguing marches of the mountains of Arkansas to 
the soil of Tennessee, leaving behind their homes and families to the mercy of an 
unprincipled enemy. History will do justice to the act of magnanimous patriotism. 
The object of this letter is to ascertain the line of policy which this Government 
would recommend to the people of 3Iissouri now within the limits of the State to 
pursue. It can not be unknown to you, sir, that a general system of guerrilla war- 
fare now desolates the State; that the loyal citizens, writhing under the yoke and 
oppression of the enemy, are struggling unaided and illy provided with the indis- 
pensable, materials of war to assist and maintain their liberty, property,, and self- 
respect; that acts of unprecedented oppression and barbarity, in violation of all the 
principles of civilized warfare, are daily perpetrated upon that gallant people. We 
can ascribe this continued and self-sacrificing struggle maintained by the people of 
Missouri so unequally to none other cause than their utter detestation of the enemy 
and their loyalty to the Government of the Confederate States. 



S24 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

The question then presents itself, Does this exhausting and unequal sj'stem of de- 
fense adopted by the ])eople of Missouri obtain the approbation of the Go'^'ernment? 
And does it, in the opinion of the Government, contribute towaixl the ultimate suc- 
cess of the eonunon cause? An answer in affirmative to the inquiry would in my 
opinion devolve upon this Government the institution of such retaliatory measures 
as would compel the enemy to treat prisoners captured in the State of IMissouri in ac- 
cordance with the rules of civilized warfare, and the additional ol^ligation of supply- 
ing the men in the fiel<l in that State promptly and to the extent of its ability with 
such munitions of war as are indispensabh' necessary. Further, I may say that the 
troops in the field under State authority, commanded by officers duly commissioned 
by the governor of jVIissouri, should be placed upon a footing of absolute or ajiprox- 
imate equality with other soldiers of the Confederate Army. But should your repl^ 
be in tlie negative, is it not proper and exi»edient that the Government of the Con- 
federate States should interpose so far as to convey to the people of ]\Iissouri an ex- 
pi-ession of its disapproval of the policy there inaugurated, and indicate such a line 
of policy for them to pursue as would harmonize with the views of the Government? 
It is for the Government to judge of the difficulty, sacrifice, and advantage to result 
from maintaining military operations in Missouri hundreds of miles from any efficient 
Supporting column, in which determination the extraordinary difficulties of commu- 
nication and transportation will of course receive due consideration. 

******* 

Thomas A. Harris, Member of Congress. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. XIII, p. 833.] 

Further evidence on the same subject is found in a letter from Gen- 
eral Price to Governor Rej^nolds, dated November 2, 1863, of which 
the following- is an extract: 

Camp BraCiG, Ark., Kovemher 2, 1S63. 
His Excellency Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, 

3Iamhall, Tex: 

Dear Sir: I have the honor to inclose to you an official copy of Colonel QuantrilUs 
report of his march from Missouri River to Canadian, detailing in a terse but graphic 
style his attack upon Fort Baxter and upon Major-(Teneral Blunt and escort. _ This 
report was handed to me by Captain Brinker, whom you will see bore a conspicuous 
part in the attack. Colonel Quantrill has now with him some 350 men of that dar- 
ing and dashing character which has made the name of Quantrill so feared by our 
enemies, and have aided so much to keep Missouri, though overrun by Federals, 
identified with the Confederacy. The services of these men can not be spared, but 
an obstacle presents itself which I fear will require more than my exertions to over- 
come. To engage your valuaV)le assistance in the task is the object of this commvini- 
cation. It is with much regret that I find a disposition in these men to avoid coming 
into the service of the Confederacy. Indeed, it is this reluctance which has caused 
them to avoid the proximity of this army in the march southward in search of that 
rest which they and their horses require so much. Yet they have sent Captain 
Brinker to me to make known their wants as to the selection of service, for as to cloth- 
ing, arms, ammunition, horses, they want nothing, and indeed they are totally indif- 
ferent as to pay. They desire to serve with me as partisans, and in this they are 
adepts, and could be made very valuable as such to the army; but for reasons which 
they hold good they will not come under the direct command of General Holmes, 
nor will they 1)e attached to any brigade, Ixit are willing and anxious to serve if 
allowed to do so as above. I have urged upon them to join regularly our army and 
subject themselves to such orders as its welfare might require. As it is jiossil^le they 
will visit your neighborhood, you could use your influence to good advantage by 
urging them to attach themselves to the army. Their objections are not without 
foundation. In the first place, many of those restless spirits, chafing under the inac- 
tivity of the army in Arkansas during the last winter and spring, deserted from 
General Hindman's and General Holmes's commands to seek more active scenes of 
operations — errors might be overlooked by an extension of the President's clem- 
ency toward deserters. Again, they have been outlawed by the Federal arfthorities, 
and expect no mercy or clemency at their hands, not even the chances of prisoners 
of war; and they think that if used only as scouts and rangers, to ascertain and watch 
the movements of an enemy, they would be able to protect themselves against any 



LOCAL DEFENSE. 825 

surrender of our forces, should such a calamity overtake us. Captain Brinker reports 
to me that he has now a battalion of these men which he would bring into the serv- ' 
ice for such a purpose if allowed to place them under my immediate command. 

******* 

With considerations of personal regard and esteem, I remain, 
Your obedient servant, 

Sterling Price. 
[Ibid., Series I, Vol. LIII, p. 907.] 

It is probable that many of the irreg'ular organizations in Missouri, 
especially those which existed prior to the Confederate legislation of 
October 13, 1862, were formed without any authority, either military 
or legislative, but those formed after that date should probably be 
classed among the squads and companies organized under the act 
referred to for local defense; and in this connection it is to be noted 
that Missouri was one of the States in which the conscription act was 
suspended, and that therefore all citizens of whatever age were author- 
ized by the act of Octo))er 13, 1862, to form themselves into companies 
for local defense. 

It is not the purpose to here quote the voluminous correspondence 
and orders relative to the treatment of members of partisan corps and 
companies organized for local defense when captured by the enemy, 
but it may be stated that troops of the former class were recognized 
as entitled to the privileges of prisoners of war, while those of the 
latter class, commonly called guerrillas, were, in the State of Missouri, 
summarily shot when captured by the enemy within his own lines. 
This treatment of guerrillas is believed to have been accorded by both 
belligerents. 

As before stated, the number of partisan or local troops organized in 
Missouri during the civil war is not known and there are no records 
on file from which a satisfactory approximation can be made. It was, 
however, sufficiently large to give the Federal authorities much annoy- 
ance and to occupy the attention of a militar}- force that would other- 
wise have been available for other fields of service. A list of the few 
organizations of which official mention has been found accompanies 
this paper. 



LISTS OF CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS. 



327 



LIST OF MISSOURI STATE GUARD ORGANIZATIONS 
COOPERATING WITH CONFEDERATE TROOPS. 



CAVALRY. 



First Regiment, First Division. 

First Battalion, First Division. (Became Third Cavalry Regiment,, 
First Division.) 

First Battalion, Independent Rangers. (Second Cavalry Battalion., 
First Division.) 

First Regiment, Fonrth Division. 

First Regiment, Fifth Division. 

First Regiment, Sixth Division. 

First Battalion, Seventh Division. 

First Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Second Regiment, First Division. 

Second Battalion, First Division. (Also known as First Cavalry Bat- 
talion, Independent Rangers.) 

Second Regiment, Sixth Division. 

Second Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Third Regmicnt, First Division. (See First Cavalry Battalion. First 
Division.) 

Third Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Fourth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Fifth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Sixth Regiment, Eighth Division, 

Seventh Regiment, Eighth Division. (See Vernon County Cavalry 
Battalion.) 

Eighth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Ninth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Tenth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Eleventh Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Twelfth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Thirteenth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Fourteenth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Bruce's Regiment, Second Division. 

Burbridge's Regiment, Second Division. 

Callaway Guards. (Capt. D. H. Mclntyre's company, Second Divi- 
sion. Probably cavalry, but not positively ascertained.) 

Extra Battalion, Fourth Division. (Attached to First Infantry Regi- 
ment.) 

^'This list is made up from such official data as have been discovered on the files- 
of the War Department, but the rolls of the State Guard organizations are not on tile, 
and other records are meager. The list, although probably not complete, is as nearly 
complete as it can be made from the records of the Department. 

329 



380 MISSOURI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Franklin's Regiment, Second Division. 

Green's Reo-iment, Second Division. 

Hawkins's Regiment, Second Division. 

Kennett Rovers. (Company B, First Cavaliy Regiment, First Divi- 
sion.) 

Major's Regiment, Third Division. 

Missouri Rangers. (Compan}^ A, First Cavalry Regiment, First 
Division.) 

Plattin Rangers. (Capt. White Kennett's company. Probably cav- 
alrv, but not positively ascertained.) 

Vernon County Battalion. (Became Seventh Cavalry, Eighth Divi- 
sion.) 

ARTILLERY. 

First Battalion, Fifth Division. (Prolmbly composed of O'Reirdon's 

Richardson's, and McDonald's batteries, Companies A, B, and C.) 
Bledsoe's Batter}^ commanded by Capt. H. M. Bledsoe. (Reorgan- 
ized for Confederate service.) 
Clark's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) 
Gorham's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) 
Guibor's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) 
Kelly's Battery. 
Kneisley's Batter3\ 

McDonald's Battery C, commanded by Capt. Robert McDonald. 
(Reorganized for Confederate service. See First Artillery Bat- 
talion.) 
O'Reirdon's Battery A. (See First Artillery Battalion.) 
Richardson's Battery B. (See First Artillery Battalion.) 
Wade's Battery. (Reorganized for Confederate service.) 

INFANTRY. 

First Regiment, First Division. • 

First Battalion, First Division. 

First Regiment, Third Division. 

First Regiment, Fourth Division. 

First Regiment, Fifth Division. 

First Battalion, Fifth Division. 

First Battalion, Seventh Division. 

First Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Second Regiment, First Division. 

Second Battalion, First Division. 

Second Regiment, Third Division. 

Second Regiment, Fourth Division. 

Second Regiment, Fifth Division. 

Second Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Third Regiment, First Division. 

Third Battalion, First Division. 

Third Regiment, Third Division. 

Third Regiment, Fifth Division. 

Third Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Fourth Regiment, First Division. 

Fourth Regiment, Third Division. 

Fourth Regiment, Eighth Division. 



ORGANIZATIONS OF STATE GUARD. 331 

Fifth Regiment, First Division. 

Fiftli Regiment, Third Division. 

Fifth Regiment, mounted. Fiftli Division. 

Fifth Regiment, Eiglith Division. 

Fifth Battalion. (Division not ascertained.) 

Sixth Regiment, Third Division. 

Sixth Regiment, Eighth Division. 

Alexander's Regiment, Sixth Division. 

Blue Rangers. (Company E, First Infantry Regiment, Eighth Divi- 
sion.) 

Coleman's Regiment. (Division not ascertained.) 

Dill's Battalion, Sixth Division. 

Extra Battalion, Fourth Division. (Attached to First Infantry Regi- 
ment, Fourth Division.) 

Kelly's Regiment, Sixth Division. 

Marble City Guards. (Company A, First Infantry Battalion, First 
Division.) 

Rawling's Battalion, Second Division. 

Robinson's Battalion, Second Division. 

Ross's Regiment. (Division not ascertained.) 

Thornton's Battalion, Fourth Division. 



LIST OF MISSOURI ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SERVICE 
OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. 



CAVALRY. 

First (Gates's) Regiment. 

First (Elliott's) Battalion. (Also known as Tenth Cavalry Battalion. 
Kecruited to a regiment.) 

First Battalion. (See Fourth Cavalry Battalion.) 

First Northeast Regiment. (Consolidated with Second Northeast 
Cavalry Regiment to form Franklin's Seventh Infantry Regiment.) 

First Battalion, First Indian Brigade. 

First and Third Regiment, dismounted. (Formed October 1, 1863, 
by the consolidation of dismounted men of different organizations.) 

Second Regiment. 

Second Northeast Regiment. (See First Northeast Cavalry Regi- 
ment.) 

Third Regiment. 

Third Battalion. (Also known as Fifth and Sixth Cavalry Battal- 
ion. Temporarily consolidated with First Cavalry Regiment.) 

Fourth Regiment. 

Fourth Battalion. (Also known as First Cavalry Battalion. Con- 
solidated with Second Cavalry Regiment.) 

Fifth Regiment. (Also known" as La Fayette County Regiment.) 

Fifth Battalion. (See Third Cavalry Battalion.) 

Sixth Regiment. (Also know^ as Southwest Cavalry; became Eleventh 
Cavalry Regiment.) 

Sixth Battalion. (See Third Cavalry Battalion.) 

Seventh Regiment. (Also known as Kitchen's Tenth Cavalry Regi- 
ment. ) 

Eighth Regiment. 

Tenth (Lawther\s) Regiment. 

Tenth (Kitchen's) Regiment. (See Seventh Cavalry Regiment.) 

Tenth Battalion. (See First Cavalry Battalion.) 

Eleventh Regiment. 

Eleventh Battalion. (Consolidated with Lawther's Tenth Cavalry 
Regiment.) 

Twelfth Regiment. 

Twelfth Battalion. 

Fourteenth Battalion. 

Fifteenth Regiment. 

Clark's Regiment. (Also known as Clark's Recruits.) 

* This list is made up from such official data as have been discovered on the files 
of the War Department, but the rolls and other records of Confederate organizations 
are incomplete, and the list is not given as a complete roster of Missouri organiza- 
tions in the Confederate service. It is as nearly complete as it can be made from the 
records on file. 
332 



OKGANIZATIONS IN CONFEDERATE STATES SERVICE. 



833 



Clark's Recruits. (Clark's Cavalry Regiment.) 

Clarkson's Battalion Independent Rangers. (Missouri and Arkansas 

troops, merged into Clark's Ninth Infantiy Regiment.) 
Cotfee's Regiment. 
Crandall's Battalion. 
Davies's Battalion. 
Freeman's Regiment. 
Fristoe's Regiment. 
Hunter's Regiment. 

Jaekman's Regiment. rr. ^o^^ r^ , -d • 4- \ 

Jackson Countv Regiment. (Became Twelfth Cavalry Regiment.) 
Jefiers's Battalion. (Became Eighth Cavalry Regiment.) 
Kitchen's Battalion. (Became Seventh Cavalry Regiment.) 
La Fayette Countv Regiment. (Fifth Cavalry Regiment.) 
Lawther's Temporarv Regiment, dismounted (Organized in August, 
1863, by assignment of companies from the fourth, ±ittti, bixtn, 
Tenth, and Twelfth Cavalry regiments.) ,^ ^^ ,. x 

MacDonald's Regiment. (Became Eleventh Cavalry Battalion.) 
Northeast Battalion. (Snider's Cavalry Battalion.) 

Perkins's Regiment. . 

Preston's Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth Cavalry Regiment. ) 
E,eves's Battalion. 

Roberts's Company. 

Schnable's Battalion. 

Searcv's Regiment. 

Slavback's Battalion. w. i ^ 

Snider's Battalion. (Also known as Northeast Cavalry.)^ ^ 

Southwest Regiment. (Sixth, subsequently Eleventh, Cavalry Regi- 
ment.) 

Western Rangers. (Company C, Second Cavalry.) 

Williams's Battalion. 

Windsor Guards. (Company I, Second Cavalry.) 



ARTILLERY. 



Barret's Batterv. (See Rice's Battery.) 
Bell's Batterv. (See Hamilton's Battery.) ^ „, , 

Bledsoe's Battery, commanded })y Capt. Hiram M. Bledsoe. 
Bledsoe's Batterv, commanded by Capt. Joseph Bledsoe. 
Bowman's Batterv. (Subsequently Parson's Battery.) 
Clark Artillery," commanded bv Capt. S. Churchill Clark; subse- 
quently by Ciipt. Clark W. Kennerly and Capt. Houston King. 
CoUins's" Batterv. 

Dawson's Batterv. (See St. Louis Battery.) i . x 

Foster's Battery." (Consolidated with Ninth Battalion, Sharpshooters. ) 
Gorham's Battery. (Subsequently Tilden's Battery and Lesueur s 

Battery.) 
Griswold's Battery. 

Guibor's Batterv. , ^ . , , 

Hamilton's Batterv. (Subsequently Bell's Battery. Also known as 

Prairie Gun Batterv. Attached to Eleventh Cavalry Battalion.) 
Harris's Battery, old." (Consolidated with McDonald's (Robert) Bat- 
tery to form "Company D, Sixth Infantry.) 
Harris's Battery, new. 
Hunter's Battery. 



334 MISSOUEI TROOPS CONFEDERATE. 

Jackson Batteiy. (Also known as Lucas's Batteiy, and Lowe's Bat- 
tery, Consolidated with St. Louis Battery.) 

Kennedy's Battery. (See Clark Artillery.) 

Kino-\s Battery. (See Clark Artillery.) 

Lanclis"' s Ba tte ry . 

Lesueur's Battery. (See Gorham's Battery.) 

Lowe's Batter3\ (See Jackson Battery.) 

Lucas's Battery. (See Jackson Batter\'.) 

McDonald's Battery, commanded by Capt. Enmiett McDonald. (Sec 
St. Louis Battery.) 

McDonald's Battery, commanded by Capt. Robert McDonald. 
(Orioinally Company C, Missouri State Guard Artillery; consoli- 
dated with Harris's Battery, old, to form Company D, Sixth Infantry 
Regiment.) 

Parson's Battery. (Became Company I, Sixth Infantry Reg-iment. 
See Bowman's Battery.) 

Prairie Gun Battery. (See Hamilton's Battery.) 

Rice's Battery. (Subsequently Barret's Battery.) 

Roberts's Battery. (Subsequently Ruilner's Battery.) 

Rutiner's Battery. (See Robert's Battery.) 

St. Louis Battery. (Also known as McDonald's (Emmett) Battery and 
Dawson's Battery.) 

Tilden's Battery. (See Gorham's Batter}'.) 

Tull's Battery. ^ 

Wade's Batter3^ (Subsequently Walsh's Battery.) 

Walsh's Battery. (See Wade's' Battery.) 

Woodson's Battery. (Company C, Fourteenth Cavalry Battalion.) 

INFANTRY. 

First (Bowen's) Regiment. 

First (Burbridge's) Regiment. (See Burbridge's Second Infantry 
Regiment.) 

First Regiment. (See Tenth Infantry Regiment.) 

First (Johnson's) Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth Infantr}^ 
Regiment.) 

First Battalion, First Brigade, Army of Tennessee. (See Second 
Infantry Battalion.) 

First and Fourth Regiuient, consolidated. 

Second (Burbridge's) Regiment. (Also known as First Infantry Regi- 
Regiment.) 

Second (Hunter's) Regiment. (Served as cavalry until dismounted, 
August 31, 1862. Subsequently Eighth, changed to Eleventh, 
Infantry Regiment.) 

Second Regiment. (See Gause's Third Infantr}^ Regiment.) 

Second Battalion. (Also knov/n as First Infantry Battalion, First 
Brigade, Army of Tennessee. Consolidated with Fifth Infantry 
Regiment.) 

Second and Sixth Regiment. (Formed by consolidation of the Sec- 
ond and Sixth Infantry regiments October 1, 1863.) 

Third (Gause's) Regiment. (Also known as Second Infantr}^ Regi- 
ment.) 

Third Regiment. (See White's Ninth Infantr}^ Regiment.) 

Third (Erwin's) Battalion. (Also known as Fifth Infantry Battalion. 
Merged into Sixth Infantry Regiment.) 



OR(4ANIZATI(>NS IN CONFEDERATE STATES SERVICE. 335 

Third and Fifth Regiment. (Formed by consolidation of the Third 
and Fifth Infantiy regimen ts.) 

Fourth licginient. (Consolidated with First Infantry' Regiment.) 

Fifth Regiment. (Consolidated with Third Infantr\' Regiment.) 

Sixth Regiment. (Formed from Erwin's Third and Fledgpeth's bat- 
talions. Consolidated with Second Infantry Regiment.) 

Seventh (Franklin's) Regiment. (Formed l)y consolidation of First 
and Second Northeast Cavalry regiments.) 

Seventh (Jackmau's) Regiment (Also called First, Third, Fourth, 
Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Infantry Regiment.) 

Seventh (MitchelFs) Battalion. (Consolidated with Frazier's Battalion 
to form ]Mitcheirs Eighth Infantry Regiment.) 

Eighth (Burns's) Regiment. (Formerl}' Hunter's Second Infantrj- 
Regimetit; subsequently Eleventh Infantry Regiment.) 

Eighth (Mitchell's) Regiment. (Also known as Fifth Infantry Regi- 
ment. Formed by consolidation of Mitchell's Seventh and Frazier's 
Infantrv Imttalions.) 

Eighth Battalion. (Consolidated with Clark's Ninth Infantry Regi- 
ment.) 

Nuith (Clark's) Regiment. (Formed from Eighth Infantry Battalion 
and the Missouri companies of Clark's Arkansas and Missouri Bat- 
talion.) 

Ninth (White's) Regiment. (Also known as Third and Twelfth Infan- 
trv Regiment'.) 

Ninth Battalion, Sharpshooters. (Also known as Pindall's Sharp- 
shooters.) 

Tenth Regiment. (Also known as First Infantry Regiment.) 

Eleventh Regiment. (See Hunter's Second and Burns's Eighth Infan- 
try regiments.) 

Twelfth Regiment. (See White's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) 

Thirteenth Regiment. (Also known as Fourteenth Infantry Regi- 
ment.) 

Thirteenth Battalion, mounted. 

Fourteenth Regiment. 

Fourteenth Regiment. (See Thirteenth Infantry Regiment.) 

Fifteenth Regiment. 

Sixteenth Regiment. 

Clarkson's Battalion, Arkansas and Missouri volunteers. (The Mis- 
souri companies were consolidated with the Eighth Infantry Bat- 
talion to form Clark's Ninth Infantry Regiment.) 

Frazier's Battalion. (Consolidated w'ith Mitchell's Eighth Infantry 
Regiment.) 

Hedgpeth's Battalion. (Consolidated with Sixth Infantry Regiment.) 

Hughes's Battalion. 

Hunter's Battalion. (Became Hunter's Second Infantry Regiment.) 

Macfarlane's Battalion. (Consolidated with Fourth Infantfv Regi- 
ment.) 

Pickett's Battalion. 

Pindall's Sharpshooters. (Ninth Infantry Battalion.) 

Rossers Battalion. 

Stern's Battalion. 

Winston's Reo-iment. 



LIST OF MISSOURI LOCAL DEFENSE ORGANIZATIONS, 
CONFEDERATE SERVICE. 



Boone's. 
Cameron's. 
Cobb\s. 
Cockrell's. 



Coleman's. 
Crabtree's. 
Crow's. 
Hawthorne's. 



Hfndman's. 
Hudson's. 
Hunter's. 
Irwin's. 



Parcel's. 
Quantrill's. 
Revests. 
Tracy's. 



"This list is made up from such official mention of the Missouri local defense 
organizations as has been discovered, but the rolls of the organizations are not on file 
in the War Department, and it is probable that none were ever prepared. Thenum- 
loerof such local organizations is not known, but thei'e is reason to believe that it was 
very largely in excess of the number here given. 
336 ' 



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